EIGHT THE MICRIGAN DAILY EIGHT THE MICHIGAN BATTY r Wulff Y , A1A Y s, u ENGLISH, FRENCH SHARES LAG: NATO Split over Atomic Role, Defense Contributions, de Gaulle (Continued from Page 3) In NATO's 14-year history, even Italy at one time spent some of its defense budget in Somaliland, out- side the NATO area. A country-by-country survey of NATO forces shows the following: Belgium: Total armed forces: 110,000 men, including army 85,- 000; navy 5000; air force 20,000. Total defense budget for 1962: $321.43 million. Total defense ex- penditures since NATO's forma- tion in 1949: about $4.7 billion. All committed to NATO. Canada: Total armed forces: 135,000 men, including army 53,- 750; navy 21,480; air force 52,490. Total defense budget: $1,6 billion. Total since NATO's formation: $21.7 billion. Manpower committed to NATO's European front is 14,000 men, in- cluding a brigade group and four air force fighter squadrons. Denmark: Total armed forces: 43,000 men, including army 29,000; navy 7000; air force 7000. Defense budget for 1962: $179 million. Total since NATO's formation: about $1.7 billion. All committed to NATO. ' France: Total armed forces: 1 million men, including army 804,- 000; navy 67,000; air force 137,000. An increase of about 20,000 is foreseen. Defense budget for 1962: $2.4 billion. Total since NATO's formation: about $38.7 billion. Of the army, two divisions are assigned to NATO in Germany plus a small brigade in West Ber- lin. Four divisions once earmarked for NATO are now in France or Algeria. Of the navy, most of this is in the Mediterranean fleet which has been withdrawn from NATO com- mand. The government plans to move fleet headquarters from Tou- lon in the Mediterranean to Brest in the Atlantic and the effect of this on NATO is not yet known. The French First Tactical Air Firce is under NATO command, but the rest of the air force is not. Aerial defense of French territory has been withheld from NATO. West Germany: Total armed forces: 365,000 men, plus three army divisions under preparation. This total includes army 224,000- to be augmented with two armored infantry divisions and one ar- mored division; navy 26,000; air force 80,000. Total defense budget for 1962: $2.8 billion. Total since 1953: about $23.9 billion. Before joining NATO in 1955, West Ger- many contributed to the defense budgets of certain NATO countries by paying occupation costs. All of West Germany's forces are committed to NATO. Greece: Total armed forces: 159,000 men, including army 120,- 000; navy 17,000; air force 22,000. Total budget for 1962: $176.4 mil- lion. Total Greek defense expendi- tures since NATO's formation: about $1.7 billion. All committed to NATO. Italy: Total armed forces: 466,- 000 men, including army 369,000; navy 41,000; air force 56,000. Total budget for 1962: $1.2 billion. Total since NATO's formation: about $13 billion. All committed to NATO. Luxembourg: Total armed forces: 5500 men, all in army. Budget for 1962: $7 million. Total since NATO's formation: about $104 million. All committed to NATO. Holland: Total armed forces: 142,000 men, including army 98,- 000; navy 23,000; air force 21,000. Budget for 1962: $530 milion. Total since NATO's formation, about $6 billion. Two army divisions cur- rently assigned to NATO, with all committed to NATO. Norway: Total armed forces: 37,000 men, including army 20,000; navy 7000; air force 10,000. Budget for 1962: $176 million. Total since NATO's formation: about $1.8 bil- lion. All committed to NATO. Portugal: Total armed forces: 80,000 men, including army 58,000; navy 9000; marines 500; air force 12,500. Budget for 1962: about $219 million. Total since NATO's for- mation: about $1,306 million. Of the army, one division is at NATO disposal, and 30,000 men are cur- rently reported in Angola. Turkey: Total armed forces: 500,000 men, including army 22 divisions; navy 119 various craft including nine destroyers and 10 submarines; air force three squad- rons. Budget for 1962: about $191 million. Total since NATO's for- mation: about $1.2 million. All committed to NATO. Britain: Total armed forces: 454,000 men, including army 200,- 000; navy 96,000; air force 158,000. Reported about to be raised to total of 480,000. Budget for 1962: $4.6 billion. Total since NATO's formation: about $57.9 billion. Britain has 53,000 troops in Ger- many. Seven brigades committed to NATO in Germany and one bri- gade in West Berlin. Other troops are in the Far East, Mediterran- ean, Middle East and Africa. Stra- tegic reserve is in Britain. United States: Total armed forces: 2.6 million men, including army 967,000; navy 635,000; air force 825,000; marines 190,000. The estimated calendar year budget for 1962 is $48,506 million. Total defense budget since NATO formation: $571.3 billion. Augmented Force The United States has its Sev- enth Army, about 200,000 men in five divisions and three armored brigades assigned to NATO and stationed in Germany. This force has recently been agumented and now may be up to 300,000 men. The United States has at least 250 fighter-bombers capable of carrying nuclear weapons station- ed in Germany. The United States also has its strategic bombers and its Sixth Fleet in the European area. These are not now under NATO command but are available in case of hostilities. The United States also has air force and army units in Italy, Greece and Turkey. Iceland, the 15th NATO mem- ber, has no armed forces. NATO strength on the central European front now is estimated at 22 and a third divisions, count- ing the one-third of a division contributed by Canada.. The others come from: Britain (3); United States (5 plus three armored brigades); France (2); Germany (8 plus one under for- mation); Belgium (2), and Hol- land (2). These are backed up by 3,000 aircraft in the Second and Fourth Allied Tactical Air Force Com- mands. The second, under Britisn command, includes craft from Bri- tain, Holland, Belgium and Ger- many. The fourth, under Ameri- can command, includes craft from the U.S., Canada, France and Ger- many. The northern front includes three divisions-one each from Norway, Denmark and Germany, with tactical air support from Norway and Denmark. The southern and southeastern Turkey, nine from Greece anc4 seven from Italy, backed up by Turkish, Greek and Italian tacti- cal aircraft plus American forces in Italy and Greece. The NATO Atlantic Naval Com- mand has no forces permanently assigned to it in peacetime, but eight NATO maritime powers have earmarked certain forces for this command in case of war. There is also a channel com - mand of units from Britain, France, Holland and Belgium, and a Mediterranean Communications Command at Malta. r / eyondprice. OPEN LETTER TO U.S. from Mexican novelist ON SALE TODAY SPECTRUM LEFT Fishbowl Marshalls A 4 COMMON MARKET: German Farms, Block Unity i Associated Press News Analysis BONN - West Germany's farm problem, long a domestic head- ache, now is causing trouble in the European Common Market. It is a major reason the six-na- tion group lacks a unified farm policy. The problem is caused by pro- duction conditions in German ag- riculture-too many farmers on too little land for high prices. They would be wiped out but for government protection. Political strength insures that this protection will continue. This 13 per cent of the population over- whelmingly supports Chancellor. Konrad Adenauer's Christian Democratic Party. Common Level The Common Market is sup- posed to compromise various na- tional interests and effect a com- mon price level for farm products. Everything turns on grains. They are 20 per cent higher in Germany than the average for the other five member nations. Wheat sells a- round $3.15 a ,bushel, barley only agreement on a single price level a little less. These prices would have to be brought down to get for the Common Market. Agriculture Minister Werner Schwartz championed the: federa- tion's position at this month's meeting of the Common Market foreign ministers. The result was postponement in the move to ar- rive at a uniflki farm policy, sup- posed to go into effect this year. Junker Influence This country's farm problem dates back to the 1880s. The farm- ers, led by the politically influen- tial Prussian Junkers cried for and got protection against the inflow of cheap grains from overseas. The United States was the principal source. High duties or import quotas, or some combination of the two, have existed ever since. Subsidies have been added. The German public foots the bill. Consumers pay 35 per cent of income for food, against 19 per cent in the United States. As tax- payers they bear the burden of a subsidy program that cost 2.4 bil- lion marks, $600 million, last year. Accept Hardship The two world wars helped people accept these conditions. Cut off by blockades, the country had to produce all its own food. Shortages showed what failure could mean. The farm federation exploits the memory of these hard years. The country grows 75 per cent of its food needs, but farmers are failing to hold their own. The number of farmershas fall- en in 12 years from 3.9 million to 2.3 million. The number of farms decreased 364,000. More than a million acres dropped out of pro- duction. Meanwhile farm produc- tivity increased 150 per cent, large- ly due to new machinery. Scattered holdings - left over from the Middle Ages-were con- solidated and the average farm size increased, from 17 acres in 1949 to 20.5 today. No Dent None of this was enough to dent Germany's competitive disadvan- tage in world agriculture, since progress was made elsewhere too. Nor did it enable the farmers to keep up their income in compari- son with commerce and industry. The number of workers outside farming rose 50 per cent while the number in agriculture fell 40 per cent. This at least meant that the farmers leaving the land had no difficulty finding jobs. The average worker last year earned $1,494 and the average farmer $925. The farm federation thinks the average farm family must have at least 37 acres to make out. It be- lieves this must be accomplished through government help and without further major changes in the farm population. The present government agrees. "We don't want to become a purely industrial nation," Adenauer said recently. Any further trend in this direc- tion could strengthen the Social Democratic Party's chances to win control of the government in 1965. Workers tend to support this party just as farmers tend to sup- port Adenauer's Christian Demo- crats. "The farmers feel they have been allowed to drop behind the others," a farm federation spokes- man says. "They are demanding only fair treatment, since the country needs them for its own preservation in time of crisis. "The Common Market was cre- ated to raise the incomes of all. We aren't prepared to see it lower ours." I NEW!' Exclusively on RCA VICTOR RED SEAL LEONTYNE PRICE in a brilliant NEW I DYNAGROOVE I recording I MADAMA BUTTERFLY ELM6160 Stereo: CSC-6160 * DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN (Continued from Page 2) Skippy Ice Cream Corp., Buffalo, N.Y. --Summer positions for college men as ice cream vendors. Must be 21 & have an operators license. La Belle's Drive Inns, Caseville, Mich. -Positions for waitress & grill men, car service & cooks. Applications at Sum- mer Placement. Outdoorsmen-If you are 'going to work in a camp in Maine this summer, here is a chance for a pre-season work project. Room & board only, but a chance to work in the woods of Maine, on the Northwestern border. American Student Information Serv- ice & the International Student Travel Center will accept applications until May 10. Both services guarantee you a job in Europe. Applications available at Summer Placement. Attention: Jobs are still coming into our office, so it's not too late to apply for summer work. However, there is only a month left before jobs begin, so the sooner you apply, the better. * * * For further information, please come to Summer Placement. Part-Time Employment The following part-time jobs are available. Applications for these jobs can be made in the Part-time Placement Office, 2200 Student Activities Bldg. during the following hours: Mon. thru Fri. 8 a.m. til 12 noon and 1:30 til 5 p.m. Employers desirous of hiring students for part-time or full-time temporary work, should contact Bob Cope, Part- time Interviewer at NO 3-1511, Ext. 3553. MALE -Several miscellaneous jobs available. 1-Experienced camera repairman. Flexible hours. 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