THE MICHIGAN DAILY Themes Displa Terseness Fraternities Spark National Controversy (Continued from Page 1) In each expansion he increases the enrichment of line. Then, in later works, he tries to condense the increased enrichment of the previous expansion. \After many repetitions of this process the power and dramatic intensity of the music has grown to such heights that only "performing supermen" can expiress its full meaning and project its total im- pact to the listener. "Beethoven was a man of violent contrasts in mood. He embraced, in a positive fashion, the goodness of sorrow as well as that of joy. His tendency of exhausting all possible solutions of a musical problem to the point where he is left free for a kind of giddy ex- plosiveness and optimism is a characteristic of his . progression within a composition," Prof. Oliver Edel of the.music school notes. After-Effects How have Beethoven's quartets affected musical composition? They began to stimulate a trend toward the enrichment of each voice and the creation of a com- plexity of inter-relationships be- tween them. Perhaps their greatest contribu- tion to musical composition, how- ever, is the way the major premise of a movement -or. work seems to infect everything that comes after it.- Because this premise is the basis for all- following material, and each bit of material is dependent upon all the other material, the work gains a great feeling of unity and -continuity.- Greeks want to go further and find their childhood"-a German exchange student at Michigan State University. ... Or indifference: "An alumnus owes loyalty first to his college, then to his class ahd lastly to his fraternity-if he can remember the name of it"-a Dartmouth College graduate. Fires Out If the ancient Greeks invented democracy, some say their latter day fraternal namesakes have let the flame go out. "I do not see how fraternities can be truly dem- ocratic. They are selective by na- ture, by history, by tradition and by necessity," President J. Earl Moreland of Randolph-Macon Col- lege at Ashland, Va., says. Mrs. Joseph Davis, executive secretary of alumni of the Muni- cipal University of Omaha, sums up succinctly for the contrary minded: "The Greek system is a democratic process under the Con- stitution. Voluntary association is a right." This argument is as old as fra- ternities (Phi Beta Kappa, the first, was founded in 1776 at Wil- liam and Mary College at Wil- liamsburg) and still unsettled. But while the fraternities still Insist on their right to pick and choose their brethren, the AP survey shows a definite trend to more lib- eral values in selection. Bias Clauses A Duquesne official was rather surprised recently to see a Chinese student wearing the jacket of a predominantly Polish fraternity. Restrictive fraternity clauses were outlawed at Rutgers University in 1958. Many houses there are now integrated. In 1952 the University of Wisconsin had 13 chapters with discriminatory clauses. None does now. At Dartmouth undergradu- ates at their own initiative voted to do away with restrictive char- ters. That's a striking recurrence in the AP survey: much of the lead- ership in liberalizing fraternity membership comes from the stu- dents themselves. At Stanford University the local Sigma Nu chapter quit the nation- al parent-organization last- fall be- cause of its discriminatory clauses. Stanford Chapter President Thom- as Grey explained "it is becoming increasingly difficult to find a good pledge class which is willing, to accept membership in an orga- nization which denies admittance on purely racial grounds." Protest Pledging Five University of Virginia stu- dents chartered a plane to fly to Yale University to protest the im- minent pledging of a Negro to the Delta Psi chapter there. They were ,iven A hearing. But the Negro was pledged. Such independence.. occasionally ' brings a parental rebuke from na- tional headquarters. A sorority at Beloit College was suspended by its national because it pledged a Negro. A fraternity at Willamette University at Salem reportedly wanted to.- pledge a Negro but didn't, feeling it was foregone the national would not agree. Yet as fraternities are opening their doors more widely, so too are the nationals. The few that have discriminatory clauses have reworded- them ambiguously. Sev- eral states, including California and Oregon, have outlawed frater- nity discrimination at state cam- puses. No Bias But what of fraternity selectiv- ity per se, based not on any ra- cial or religious basis but just on whether or not the brothers like your looks? On a large Big Ten campus, where rarely more than 30 per cent of the undergraduates are Greeks, the non-Greek can have four- pleasant, productive years uncaring whatever Hellenic pleas- ures may have been denied him. But on a small campus, with a high percentage of Greeks, rejec- tion can wound deeply. 'U' Position The University's attitude to- wards fraternities is exemplified by a recent speech of President Harlan Hatcher, who termed them "an important and signi- ficant part of the life and tra- dition of the University." He told Interfraternity Coun- cil officials at a conference last February that the system must continue to move away from "the impregnable quadrilateral -booze, women, athletics and bias-" and concentrate on im- provements in four areas: 1) Remodeling and expanding house facilities, with the oppor- tunity for new construction on North Campus property set aside by the University espe- cially for fraternities; 2) Establishing a better study atmosphere, with house libraries and study rooms suggested by President Hatcher as possibili- ties; 3) Using housemothers and faculty members to a greater extent to strengthen the af- filiates' social and intellectual skills; 4) "Getting out of the bias controversy-the day and age for this kind of thing has pass- ed." Membership in the 43 campus fraternities has remained con- stant through recent yeas- about one third of the under- graduate male population at the University. "The hurt hits too many peo- ple. It isn't worth it," John Stein- brunner, a Stanford fraternity man, says. "Sure its hard on the guys who 1ose,' . David Beim a classmate and Rhodes scholar,°nswers, "but we can't all be winners." Long Process Adult life, fraternity supporters say, is one long process of rejec- tion and acceptance-in promotion on the job, joining a country club, picking one's friends. Why not be- gin adjusting to the bitter truth in college? Because it's wasteful. It distracts the real purpose of a college-to educate. And, anti-Greeks argue, the fraternities by selectivity too often overlook the more retiring blossom, the very one their cama-' raderie could best nurture. Aware of these imperfections in varying degrees, a significant number of colleges, fraternities and undergraduates have tried re- forms of the system. On some cam- puses rushing has been postponed, to sophomore year so as not to add to the freshman's burden of aca- demic adjustment. Bowdoin Col- lege at Brunswick, on the other hand,.rushes freshmen before fall classes begin so students can buckle down to class without con- cerning themselves with the-"de- ceptive courtship" of prolonged rushing. Raise Grade Requirements University of Maine fraternities have raised the grade requirement for pledges twice in the last eight years. Many other colleges insist students have a certain scholastic average before they may pledge. Fraternities hold their own study hours for backsliding brothers. Na- tionals offer prizes and scholar- ships for excellence. The National Interfraternity Conference eager- ly cites studies that show: 1) Fifty per cent of all frater- nities are above the over-all aver- age of their campuses. (Ten years ago only 40 per cent were.) 2) The rate of dropout - an alarming development in contem- porary higher education-is more than twice as high among men at a non-fraternity campus as among members of national fraternities. Better Marks While the Greeks are getting better marks on their report cards, their behaviour, too, appears to be improving. There is fierce com- petition today to get into college, to stay in and to get high enough marks for graduate school. At Williams, for instance, where up to 80 per cent of the seniors go on to graduate school, the aver- age of the entire college would have qualified for the dean's' list 10 years ago. Such academic pres- sures have had their sobering ef- fect on the Olympian highjinks of -Greek row. "The Mickey Mouse stuff is dy- ing out," campus editor Jeff Greenfield of Wisconsin comments on the decline of fraternity ritual and hazing. "Help weeks" have replaced most of the barbarities of the old initiation "hell weeks." At Southern Methodist University fraternity initiates helped catalog a small town library. At Beloit they polished firetrucks. Some Uni- versity of Kentucky pledges splashed paint on a prominent part of an equestrian statue on the courthouse lawn, but others paint- ed an orphanage instead; Incidents Persist Some incidents persist. At Texas Christian University an electric "hotshot" used to prod cattle at stockyards was turned on- pledges during initiation. The president of the:, University of Oregon inter fraternity council quit in protest of initiation abuses. At the Uni- versity of Hawaii officials clamped down after some boys were found unclothed on campus one night during initiation and now the se- verest hazing penalty is to force pledges to wear jackets and ties to class, hardly a burden elsewhere but onerous midst South Seas in- formality. Indeed things have quieted down so much at Louisiana State Uni- versity that a bored chaperon who ducked out of a dance with his wife for a quick nip was de- nied re-entrance by the students. They smelled liquor on his breath.- Yet some oases still hold out the pleasure of forbidden fruit. Al- pha Tau Omega beckons prospec- tive brothers in the Stanford fra- nity handbook with the lure of a "full and varied social program highlighted by the winter sewer party and the spring hog wallow." And at an Eastern college the cus- tomary climax of recent house par- ties has been the 11 p.m. appear- ance of a chap who ran 'mongst his brethren and their dates as naked as Hermes, another Greek. Intellectual Circles If it is fashionable in intellec- tual circles to knock fraternities, perhaps the most fashionable thing of all to say against them is that "They are an extension of the family," a bearded student at Rut- gers said. "They tell you how to dress, what to eat, whom to asso- ciate with." "By living with your brothers," the fraternity handbook at the University of Cincinnati says, "you will learn to express your own opinion and when to subordinate yourself to the will of others." There are those who feel such control of the individual by the group is tragically unfortunate, coming as it does at a time when the student is as free as he will ever be to explore and to learn, to be himself. They could recite the case of a Greek at the Uni- versity of Illinois who was forbid- den by his brothers to date a girl who not only didn't belong to a sorority with sufficient status, she didn't belong to one at all. By some backstage diplomacy, she was pledged to an acceptable isorority, and the romance re- sumed. Best Plaudit Yet their group-centered way of life brings the Greeks their best deserved laurel-campus lead- ership. "They exert a very important influence because of the very na- ture of the people who seek mem- bership," Dean Glen Nygreen of Kent State University said. "They are the most active." At Ohio State University 20 per cent of the students are Greeks, yet of 200 leaders of extracurric- ular organizations, only five or so are non-Greeks. This dispropor- tion is repeated on campus after campus. They are joiners. "They want involvement," one educator said. In some colleges, however, they are also prodded by fraternity rules that require members to go out for campus organizations and award points for doing so. The houseywith the most points gets a trophy. This appalls the bearded noncon- formist, but there are serious edu- cators who think it may be benefi- cial.' "You might say the fraternity is the training ground in college See FRATERNITIES, Page 8 U Opens Parking For Student Use The Thompson St. parking lot is temporarily being used for stu- dent parking by those students who have E stickers. -Across Campus. I- Prof. Stanford C. Ericksen, di- rector of the Center for Research on Learning and Teaching, will discuss - "Possible Applications of Research and Theory of Human Learning to the Special Problems of Teaching in a Medical School" at 4 p.m. tomorrow in the sev- enth-level amphitheatre, Medical Science Bldg. Japan Lecture.. . Prof. Ezra F. Vogel of Harvard University will speak on "Japan's New Middle Class" at 8 p.m. -to- morrow in Rackham West Con- ference Rm. Dessert Party . . The Women's, League and the Recent Graduates Group of the American Association' of Unive- sity Women invite all senior wom- en to:a, dessert party to be held in their honor at the League fron ':30-10 nP.M. Tuesday. The event : will serve to introduce sen- ior women to the AAUW, a nation- wide association of college gradu- ates. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of The Univer- sity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3564 Administration Building before 2 p.m. two days preceding pubication. SUNDAY, APRIL 28 Day Calendar 3:00 p.m.-School of Music Concert- Univ. Symphony Band, William D. Re- velli, conductor: Hill Aud. 4:15 p.m.-School of Music Degree Re- cital-David Smalley. baritone: Lane Hall Aud. 7:00 and 9:00 p.m.-Cinema Guild- Frank Sinatra, Rita Hayworth, and Kim Novak in "Pal Joey"; short, "Trumpit": Architecture Aud. 8:30 p.m.-School of Music Degree Re- cital-Janice Hupp, violist: Lane Hall Aud. General Notices On Fri. Evening, May 3, the Grad School of Bus. Admin.'s annual Awards Program will be held at 8:00 p.m. In Aud. A, - Angell Hall. The Business Leadership Award will be presented to Lynn A. Townsend, Pres, of Chrysler Corp. and a 1941 grad of the Bus. School. The -Award is provided by the Student Council of the Bus. School. It is made annually to an outstanding businessman who has shown an understanding of the responsibilities of business to so- ciety and an interest in business educa- tion.- During -the program, awards to three outstanding students in the School will (Continued on Page 3) Continuous Sat.F & Sun. 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