Seventy-Third Year EDrrED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIvERsrrf OF MICHIGAN " UNDER AUTHORITY of BOARD IN CONTROL o STUDENT PUBLICATIONS "whereO Opiniona Are Free STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG., ANN ARBOR, MICH., PHONE NO 2-3241 Truth Wil Prevai" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must b noted in all reprints. TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 1963 NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL ZWEIG "My, You Gave Me A Start! At First I Thought You Had a Beard And A Cigar" COLLECTIVE WISDOM: Business of Public Is Public Business I Fair Housing Ordinance Fights for Survival F AIRHOUSING legislation for Ann Arbor Democratic councilman Lynn Eley leaves the has reached the point where a second council. reading is all that remains for final passage. Eley did not run for re-election because he This is where the proposed ordinance stands has accepted' a grant to be an administrative legalistically, but given the support and op- intern in California. He has worked as a mem- position of the Ann Arbor City Council, how ber of the council fair housing committee and close is it to law? with the Human Relations Commission to pro- The longer the council waits, for second duce an effective ordinance. At the last work- reading for fair housing legislation, the less ing session, Eley tried unsuccessfully either to chance the city has to get an effective ordi- call a special session to hold second reading on nance. fair housing or to set a schedule for -passage. At last Monday's City Council work session, Instead, a public hearing was set for tomor- a demonstration by about 400 people called row, the night before the next regular council for enactment of fair housing without delay. meeting. Eley has warned the council that he Delay can come in many forms. intends to call fair housing legislation to second reading tomorrow, the last night of REPUBLICAN MAYOR Cecil O. Creal has his term. called for more public hearings. He has said that everybody who wishes to speak on the ELEY IS JUSTIFIED in his attempts to have topic should be heard. There is also some council hold second reading or to set a feeling that the first public hearing was not deadline for passage. very representative. Since new councilmen will be seated, fair Another source of frustration to those who housing opposition may argue that the new seek legislation soon is that Creal has seized members need some time to become familiar on a letter from Rev. Lyman S. Parks of the with the situation. But this argument is merely Bethel-A M E church as justification for put- a rationalization-a delaying tactic. Any newly- ting off action. The letter called for unrushed elected councilman should have been following deliberation and more study of the ordinance the issues before council. by council. However, this view is not repre- After the city elections, fair housing opposi- sentative of the views of other church leaders. tion may be able to bury legislation. The im- Also, those wishing to see an ordinance mediate furor would die out before the next passed soon have argued that more testimony elections. would be redundant and unnecessary. Both the Republican and Democratic parties have THE EXISTENCE of subtler delaying tactics promised to work toward fair housing legis- also justify Eley's attempts. Opposition to lation, so both recognize the need for legis- fair housing can employ the time-tested lation foi an ordinance. Also, fair housing "merry-go-round" technique. Given an existing legislation has been before the council for form of an ordinance, a public hearing must more than two years, providing enough time be held. Then testimony and proposed amend- for council to familiarize itself with the prob- ,ments must be referred to the HRC for recom- lems of discrimination and possible provisions. mendations. After that, the fair housing com- Further testimony is not necessary. mittee must meet to distill the new ordinance. Then a new another public hearing must be BUT THE "NEED" for more public hearings held, and so on until the legislation has' has pushed the time for second reading past dropped out of the public eye. yesterday's city elections. The elections will Unless the council sets a schedule with a put the chances for fair housing legislation deadline for passage of a fair housing ordi, in a new light. nance, the legislation will remain far from There was a great deal of discussion during enactment. The council should show its good the last work session as to whether the fair faith and not dlelay the legislation. It should housing legislation should be brought to a vote at least present a set date for passage. And before the old council is broken up. One coun- concerned individuals should not abandon the cilman has objected to being "maneuvered" fight for fair housing legislation. into voting on the ordinance before first ward -MICHAEL SATTINGER Discrimination in Reverse By ROBERT SELWA THE STATE LEGISLATURE is supposed to be a democratic body, but it uses an undemocratic device: secret committee meetings. The meetings are closed especially at voting time, when mocmittee at voting time when committees must vote to table or to send to the plenary pieces of legislation. The result is that outsiders- who are everyone in the state ex- cept the half-dozen committee members - know neither what opinions their lawmakers voiced nor how their lawmakers voted. The state Legislature should end this practice immediately because of a point that cannot be made too often: the public's business is the business of the public. * * * A PUBLIC in a democracy ro- quires the maximum amount of information about any given issue or concern, in order to be able to reach the most enlightened of de- cisions. To be meaningful in a democracy, decision-making is hinged upon choice and alterna- tives that are in turn hinged upon full and comprehensive informa- tion. It is as decision-makers-it is in order to best fulfill this vital dem- ocratic role of choosing between many alternatives-it is in this role that the citizen has a right to know. Off-the-record meetings violate all this. Such meetings by their nature place bars between the governors and the governed, which block the flow of information. This obstacle is all the more repre- hensible since in a Democracy the governors are supposed to be re- sponsible to the governed. * * * THIS IS the theory that should be practiced-that the governors get their power to govern only from the people. For the governors to use this power to censor, is for them to misuse this power and directly to negate what this power is supposed to mean. This power is supposed to mean, and be based on, wisdom in the conducting of public affairs and action based upon this wisdom. Wisdom is not confined to a mi- nority, or should not be; on the contrary, in a democracy wisdom is to be the collective thoughts of all the people. To make wisdom the possession of a few, is to deny the definition of Democracy, which is rule by an enlightened majority with the concurrence of an en- lightened minority. * * * YET THIS DENIAL is what is done"every time a meeting about public affairs is made off-the- record. Every time this occurs, some knowledge is denied the col- lective citizenry-knowledge that would go into the molding of the collective wisdom. Those who make their meetings off-the-record say, in effect, "we shall make ourselves wise about this issu.e at the ex- pense ofuanyhcontribution from you.° Every citizen shall contribute to a democracy if it is to be most effectual. When meetings are de- clared off-the-record, some citi- zens are denied their contribution. When contributions are minimized, Democracy becomes less total and less effectual. This occurs even when reporters are allowed to write up a meeting while leaving out attributions of opinions or vote scores, because then the write-up tends to be more timid. This is in addition to the factor that the citizenry can- not then attach responsibility for individual opinions that help mold legislation to individual governors. Of course, the worst situation is when no write-up about the sub- stance of a meeting results at all, when both citizens and citizen- journalists are kept out of the hearing room. JOURNALISTS and governors should do everything in their power to see to it that all meetings are open and that any secret meetings will be reported as fully and completely as possible. If a meeting is' declared secret, legis- lators should leak information out about what happened, and report- ers should write what they can get. But a better step would be for the House and the Senate to change their policy and make all committee meetings open. The open society calls for an open Legislature. .4 THE STUDENT PERSONNEL WORKER: Change in The Student Body PRESENTLY there is one Jewish "seat" on the Supreme Court. Although the first ap- pointment of a Jew had no symbolic meaning, a Jewish position on the Court has now be- come almost mandatory. It is foreseeable that in the future, a Presi- dent will appoint a Negro to that august body; and from then on at least one Negro will always be present on the Court. Last year, President Kennedy attempted to establish a Cabinet position which was to con- cern itself with urban affairs. Kennedy desired to make Robert Weaver, a Negro, the head of this post. Although Weaver's race was not the primary reason for his being chosen to head the position, it was certainly an important fac- tor. Congress did not believe that a department of urban affairs deserved a cabinet position and so this country was deprived of its first lNegro cabinet member. The National Aeronautics and Space Ad- ministration is now in the process of selecting this country's first Negro Astronaut. ALL THESE EVENTS make the headlines. The government makes these appointments, the news services stress the "backgrounds" of the selected persons and the people rejoice and point to the progress being made in the fight for racial equality. However, equality does not mean appointing a person to the Supreme Court because he is a Jew or choosing a test pilot to fly into space because he is a Negro. If anything, these are examples of inequality. Special consideration is being given to one group over another. Differences instead of being neglected are being accented. If this view continues to persist, no real advance to end prejudice and discrimination can be made. Whenever a person is selected because of his race and not in spite of it, discrimination remains but in an altered form. The all Pro- testant fraternity that selects one Catholic is not ending its bias procedures just as the seven Negro students attending the public school in Little Rock are not ending discrimi- nation. THE JEW on the Supreme Court or the Ne- gro Astronaut represent only the symbols of equality where no equality in fact exists. The same holds true for the fraternity which, through fear of being charged with discrimina- tion, admits one lone Negro. Persons should not become symbols. A frater- nity should accept a person not because it is afraid of bias charges but because it wants to have the student in the house. Appointments to governmental positions should not be made to please any special minority group but on the basis of who is most qualified for the post. When this country does not have to worry about putting up a front of equality, then racial and religious equality will be achieved. The absence of this pretense will not cause the end of prejudice and discrimination. Instead it will be the effect of it. When press releases neglect to mention the race of new astronauts it will mean that people are no longer in- terested. If people do not care or notice the difference between themselves and others, then discrimination and inequality will be at an end. When citizens do not have to wonder whether a governmental appointment was made on account of competence or on account of race, token equality will be at an end and the true form will have come in to take its place. -ANDREW ORLIN (EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the first of three articles on social change within universities.) By RONALD WILTON THE STUDENT personnel work- er is often in a very unenviable position. He will usually be some- body who generally likes students -he would not spend his whole life in contact with them if he didn't. Yet because of his position in the administration he is often identified by the students as one of "them" the aloof ruling hier- archy that makes University policy and regulates the student's life. Usually he can please nobody- he students are constantly pressing -for a liberalization of University regulations while parents and the Legislature often register disap- proval if the reforms are effected. Thus his immediate troubles come from specific groups re- questing specific actions on speci- fic issues. What is usually not realized is that these pressures are the results of trends and changes in our society which these groups are reacting to. * * * A STUDENT 3ODY is a large unit of various component groups which tends to remain fairly sta- tic from one year to the next. When one or several segments change in one direction there is usually a countervailing change in others which tends to balance things out. Yet over long periods of time shifts occur which have important implications for institutions and the people- within these institu- tions responsible for dealing with the students, especially in their non-academic lives. This type of change has been noticeable over the past five to 10 years. They are not changes that originate spontaneously in the student body. Rather the student body is reacting uniquely to changes and trends in society as a whole. The reactions to the changes have been emphasized because of the growing number of students seeking college educations. With 38 per cent of the 18-21 year old age group in college and predic- tions that this will double in 20 years, it is almost axiomatic that students as a body will be dif- ferent. This difference reflects it- self in. changing attitudes, values and desires for life, all of which have been brought about through social causes. * * * CAUSES OF the changes go back to the end of World War II. At that time America fundamen- tally changed her view of her role in the world, going from a policy of isolation to one of par- ticipation and leadership. The re- sult of this policy and indeed the war itself was a broadening in the cosmopolitan outlook of many Americans. It was augmented by the number of servicemen and women who returned from over- seas. Internally, the movement from the farms to the defense plants of the cities added to the change. The end of the war brought with it the start of an unmatched period of prosperity. The public became consumption-minded as installment buying became the rage. At the same time, automa- tion was reducing the need for unskilled workers and many young people, rather than becoming part of the labor force, continued on in school. During this time the birthrate shot up. A revival of interest in the family was observed which was countered by the growing :mo- bility of Americans. ALL THIS while the cold war hung like the damoclean sword over America. Consolidation and patriotism grew but so did anxiety and a tendency towards black and white thinking. As a result of these social trends, the young have become more of a separate cultural sub-group than they had been before. Being away at school longer and having one or both parents working and thus away from home most of the time forced young people to find a large amount of support within their own peer groups. Money was fairly easy to come by for most of them and thus hunger for material possessions was not as important a drive as it had been in the past. Their new distinction as a cul- tural sub-group has led to an increased feeling of independence on the part of adolescents.. * * * THE ADVENT of the space age and the launching of Sputnik I brought about a whole reappraisal of certain segments and institu- tions of our society, particularly in education. Five years ago in an issue comparing Russian and American education, "Life" could say that while a Russian student's hopes for success rested on his going up the educational ladder as high as possible, this was not true in American society. Now, however, it has become al- most essential for a student in this country to have a college de- gree if he ever hopes to become anything in the world. The high school was upgraded as were the sciences and mathematics. Increased pressure was put on the student to get serious about school and work for grades to in- sure getting into college and then graduate school. At the same time the schools responded by increas- ing specialization and putting more emphasis on the vocational objectives of the students. * * * THE RE-EXAMINATION of education and other social insti- tutions and values helped put an end to the fear of intellectual ex- pression and controversy that re- sulted from the McCarthy period. As an essential part of the process, students could not but be affected and many of them began to take an increasing interest in the world around them. It was a foregone conclusion that students would react to these changes within the specific con- text of the campus situation, and it was also obvious that these re- actions would engender counter reaction from the society. Caught in the middle was the student personnel worker, whose job it was to formulate policy on non- academic student affairs. The re- sult was that once again instead of being the standard bearer of society, the University meekly fol- lowed in its wake. CLASSICAL guitar-playing, as exemplified by the playing of Julian Bream Sunday at Rack- ham Auditorium, is a highly for- malized art. As opposed to the folk style, pieces for the classical guitar are generally either written by identified composers for the guitar itself or transcribed for guitar; at any rate, classical guitar compositions are not "passed from generation to generation." Julian Bream has been called by some the prime candidate to in- herit "the mantle of Segovia." In- deed, the two men are alike in many respects; but as Segovia can perhaps be classed in the Spanish tradition, Bream's playing, as a glance at the program will indi- cate, is in the British tradition. * * * THE FIRST PART of the pro- gram was composed of composi- tions for the lute, all of which were Elizabethan in origin. They were for the most part pieces composed for, and dedicated to, specific people; as: "Henry Noel's Galliard"; "Sir John Langton's Pavon," and "Lady Clifton's Spirit." The three composers rep- resented in this part of the pro- gram ranged from the well-known William Byrd to the relatively un- known Francis Cutting (and in- cluding John Dowland). The pieces were for the most part played with a great stylistic sensitivity, and with clear, full tones. Bream appeared quite ner- vous at the beginning, wringing his hands as he made a short explanation of the program. He relaxed as the performance con- tinued, however, the constant need to tune 'and re-tune his instru- ments notwithstanding. The gen- eral tone of the performance can perhaps be called one of restrain- ed excitement, of a constant awareness of the music and a good control over it. The second portion of the pro- gram was devoted to guitar pieces, and was quite as good as the first. Especially enjoyable was the "Pre- lude and Fugue in D Major" by Bach; however, work of the rest of the composers represented (Purcell, Cimarosa, Villa-Lobos, Albeniz) was also excellently ren- dered. Bream does well not to follow slavishly either the style or the programmatic compositions of other and more experienced clas- sical guitarists, as must be at temptation to such a relative be- ginner in the field, for it is when he is in his own medium (as he was Sunday) that we see the greatness of his style and the epi- tome of his excellence. -Steven Hendel -Joan Goodwin NewCour&e PRESIDENT, de Gaulle has not disclosed the purpose he in- tends for French diplomatic in- dependence. All he has actually made clear is that he intends to chart French foreign policies in Paris; no longer will they be blue- printed at the French desk in the United States Department of State. -Minority of One LUTE CONCERT: Formalized Art FEIFFER Strengthening IQC RECENTLY A MOTION was brought before the Inter-Quadrangle Council calling for the dissolution of the body. The motion was soundly defeated. 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