THE MICHIGAN D AI T TIMSDAT THE MICHIGAN DAILY TTTE~DAY. . va.vuai . .0 K. fWW S rM f 1? AW Yt.?f 'i".y .,. yff ..v v.i.;;.",+};.,"".yr " lfvl.";r"" 't.}N:"'"WtSrW ,yCe '{v:r {: {...:".r: rA..Sv: :::."" r . . . :: }y. tiR }v' Rk U' Conducts Antarctic Progrt UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE For the Best in BOOKS and SUPPLIES NEW and. USED TEXTBOOKS for all University of Michigan courses By MICHAEL HYMAN For the past five years, the University has been conducting experiments at the Antarctic. Charles W. Swithinbank, recent director of these experiments, was down there last year, along with Arthur Rundle, and Thomas E. Taylor, of the University of Wis- consin. Now correlating the col- lected data, Swithinbank recently explained that the experiments are designed to formulate a flow law. To understand the search for a flow law, on~e must first recognize that the University's party was camped on a glacier, the largest floating glacier in the world (the Ross Ice Shelf)-200,000 sq. miles, 600 ft. thick at the sea edge, and X3000 ft. thick at the farthest in-, land point. (In Antarctica, the ice age is in full swing.) Ice Cracks There is a slight slope, or height differential, between the sea edge of the' glacier and the land, or continental edge, Swithinbank said. Ice constantly breaks off from the sea edge of the glacier; snow constantly falls to replenish this loss. The height differential causes the frozen snow to move towaid the sea edge of the ice shelf. The WHRATS NEW IN THE FEBRUARY ATLANTIC? "How Not to Teach Teachers": The training of American teachers is "un- wieldy, slow-witted, bureaucratic .. . a failure," says James D. Koerner in this incisive, critical analysis. A4LSO .. B. Priestly: Reminiscences about the author's service in World War I "Lampedusa In Sicily": An Atlantic Extra by Archibald Colquhoun Archibald MacLelsh: On hatred exhib. ited in racial conflicts W. D. Snodgrass: A new poem "The Indiana Dunesland Pressure Politics": William Peeples The pursuit of excel- lence Is the everyday job of the Atlantic's editors be It in fic- tion' or fact, poetry or prose. in ever- increasing numbers, those in pursuit of academic excellence find in the Atlantic a k challenging, enter- taining and enllght- : ening companion. Get your copy today. ON ice will move because its physical properties are like those of a vis- cous fluid or a plastic solid. Swith- inbank and his associates assume that the total volume of ice in the glacier remains constant. / If this assumption is justifiable, then one can form a flow law, which explains the equilibrium be- tween departing ice and forward moving ice. Flow Law The Antarctic is an ideal loca- tion for studying a flow law pos- sibility. For instance, there is vir- tually no friction between the' floating glacier and the sea. 'Thus. the number of variables are re- duced. This makes Antarctica a good model from which we may learn more about our own ice age, Swithinbank said. To measure the quantities need- ed, the scientists used seismic sounding for the thickness of the glacier. Also, markers were placed on the ice and tellurometers were used to measure, geometrically. the ice movement. A Worden gra- vity meter converted the surface movement to volume transplanted. Slope, thickness, and rate of move- ment, are interrelated. If two of the variables are known, the scientists can find the third. However, the glaciologists have not yet described the flow law in mathematical terms. Sea Water The assumption that all incom- ing flow is derived from falling snow may not be justifiable. It is possible that freezing sea water at the bottom of the glacier moves up and replenishes the glacier. However, since the temperature at the bottom of the glacier is 29*F, the melting point of ice, this is not probable, and the assump- tion is most likely a fact. Besides determining the flow law, and informing us about the North American ice age, the ex- periments may have commercial applicability. In the dry western states, many mountains are ice- capped, and melting occurs dur- ing the summer, the driest season. This provides irrigation water. Movement Studies Swithinbank's glacial movement studies will provide more informa- tion on the valley glaciers in the West. Again, Antarctica is an ideal model: one valley glacier studied is 20 miles wide and 140 miles long. Studies of the Antarctic from this country began as early as 1838. The Navy has provided most of the transportation ever since. The sealing industry between 1800- 1850 frequented the area. Admiral Byrd was the individual most responsible for the extensive use of aviation in the Antarctic, Swithinbank concluded. POPULATION SHIFTS: SRC National Sampling Undergoes Alterations I N By THOMAS DRAPER The Social Research Center's national sample of households is undergoing alterations this year to maintain accuracy, Irene Hess of the Institute for Social Re- search said recently. The 1960 census indicates that the population concentrations have shifted since the household sam- ple was set up in 1948 and 1950, Miss Hess said."The sample yields estimates with known precision. As the population shifts the sampling variability increases." Robert Voight, assistant to the director of ISR said that the sam- ple could be used for all research involving interviews with people across the country. The sample is used for both in- dividual research projects and an-- nual surveys. An article in the January 12 issue of Business Week is based on the annual survey, "Consumer Attitudes and Inclina- tions to Buy." The research projects for which the sample is used are usually ini- tiated by the ISR program direc- tors and approved by an executive committee composed of the Uni- versity officials and directors of the related fields of study. If a project is approved a sponsor is then solicited. Voight noted that in this way the ISR is primarily a self-supporting institution. Voight said that the national household sample was just one of the important research resources of the ISR. "In addition to the sample, the directors of the vari- ous areas of research and the fa- cilities for data processing have made the ISR one of the major social research centers in the country." Miss Hess noted that one of the goals of the sample was to "pro- vide maximum accuracy at mini- mum cost." She said that this was achieved by probability sampling techniques. Every county in the United States is classified into one of 74 strata according to such criteria as geographic location, de- gree of urbanization and rate of growth. One primary unit is se- lected from each strata and local interviewers trained to cover that unit. She said that the current changes being made involved a complete restructuring of the west- ern geographic region due to the rapid growth there since 1950. Strata have been revised through- out the country with a total in- crease of eight. Recounts Confirm Election Decisions LANSING-Recounts confirmed the legislative lineup as Sen. Charles O. McMamiman (D- Houghton) was declared the win- ner over Bert H. Heideman of Hancock by 268 votes and Rep, Clifford Perras (R-Nadeau) had bested former Rep. James K. Con- stantini (D-Iron Mountain) by 192 votes. UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE Michigan's Oldest and most Complete Bookstore LEO E. HALLEN, Mgr. 316 South State Street ... Since 1833... 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