THE MICHIGAN . DAILY

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THE MICHIGAN DAILY ~TTND AV.

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Cooper Notes Works
Of Orchestral Festival

I

Program
Notes

FOCUS ON CONSERVATION:
'Silent Spring' Points Up Pesticide War

Issues Conference Views
Academic Freedom Trends

PROF. PAUL COOPER
... contemporary music

JUFY11g W tb serial techniques. The' first three
lisposed between brief periods of chords are the basis for most of
silence which serve to delimit them the h amonic and melodic mater-
trihtecturaly. As in regard o als of the whole composition. The
tion ofe the vt s for magams form is that of an arch, with the
intetimbroesinfethenarioustwo outer sections slow and sol-
instruments into one single entity emn and the inner one spirited.
-attemating, at the same time, to The other two Copland works
ty' amostpkind of sonorous'hefi- to be performer are "El Salon
istic sense " Cooper pointed out. Mexico" ,nd "Danzon Cubano,"
Ac s "Copintdo both utilizing Cuban rhythms.
Aaron Copland The final program contains mu-
The fourth program.is devoted sic for chorus and organ. Schoen-
to a lecture by, and the music of, berg's "Variations on a Recita-
Aaron Copland. "Copland is a mu- tive," for solo organ, contains
sician with Fa high order of craft. unique ideas for varying a recita-
But he also. reminds the listener .tive. The "recitative-theme" con-
of a great musical heritage, that sists of several short motives from
of American music," Cooper not- which the ten variations are de-
ed. rived. The composition is brought
Cooper explained that Copland's to a dramatic close with the ap-
"Nonet" for solo strings is an as- pendage of a cadenza and a fugue-
similation of tonal, bitonal and finale.
Final Program
1 "Registrations for the variations
Gednev, 'al used in this performance were
made under the personal direction
1 0 T .of Schoenberg himself," Prof.
Ontarn Honors Cooper pointed out.
"Rogers Sessions''Mass for Uni-
Prof. William J. Gedney of the son Choir and Organ' contains an
Far Eastern languages department organ part which provides a varie-
and Prof. William P..Malm of the gated texture for lyric, often con-
Music School have been given junct, vocal lines. Its English text
awards for research in Asian stud- is realized with unusual metric and
les, the American Council of rhythmic plasticity."
Learned Societies announced re- The final concluding work, "Ap-
cently. parebit Repentita Dies," contains
Prof.-Gedney's award was grant- a Latin text. "The first two sec-
ed for work in comparative That tions, of lively tempo, are balanced
linguistics, and Prof. Malm's for by the broadly conceived Passacag-
music of the Japanese' puppet lia of the third section and the
theater. brief and solemn close," he added.
I.4~ CINEMA GUILD.p edenL I

French poet Pierre Viala will of-
fer a recital of "Divertissements
Poetiques" at 8 p.m. today in Aud.1
C, sponsored by the Alliance Fran-
caise.I
Degree Recital . .
David Wilson, '63M, will give a
piano recital at 8:30 p.m. today
in Lane Hall Aud. He will play
Bach's "Vier Duette (from Clav-
ierubung, Book III)," Beethoven's'
"Sonata in C major, Op. 2, No. 3,"
Chopin's "F major Ballade, Op. 38"
and Prokofiev's "Trois Pieces, Op.
50" and "Toccata,. Op. 11."
Author.. .
Norman Mailer will speak at 8i
p.m. tomorrow in Trueblood Aud.,
as part of the University Crea-
tive Arts Festival. Mailer, author of
"The Naked and the Dead," "Bar-
bary Coast" and "Advertisements
for Myself," will read and discuss
excerpts from his works.
Music Festival...
The third program in the 963
Festival of Contemporary Music,
to ge biven at 8:30 p.m. tomorrow
in Rackham Lecture Hall, will fea-
ture "Chansons Innocentes" by
Martirano and Castiglioni's "Tro-
pi.
Composer Lecture*..*
Aaron Copland will appear at the
Fourth Contemporary Music Fes-
tival program at 8:30 p.m. Wed-
nesday in Rackham Lecture Hall.
Copland will speak on "Compos-
ing Perspectives," and will play
his "Nonet for Solo Strings," as
well as his more wellknown "El
SalonaMexico"rand "Danzo Cu-
bano."
Symphonic Choir .. .
Prof. Maynard Klein will direct
the University Symphonic Choir,
with organists Kathryn Eskey and
Marilyn Mason, in the final con-
cert of the series at 8:30 p.m. Fri-
day in Hill Aud. The works to
be played are: "Mass for Unison
Choir and Organi by Sessions,"
"Variations on a. Recitative for
Solo Organ" by Schoenberg, and
Hindemith's "Apparebit Repem-
tina Dies."

By STEVEN HALLER
"'The Silent Spring' is growing
noisier with the sounds of com-
batants in the war between wild-
life and pesticides," Prof. Karl F.
Lagler of the natural resources
school declared recently.
Prof. Lagler referred to "The
Silent Spring," a recent book by
Rachel Carson which focused na-
tionwide attention of conserva-
tionists on the possibility that
users of pesticides might be doing
more harm by killing songbirds
than the good they accomplished
by killing insects.
Prof. Lagler noted that several
examples reported by the National
Wildlife Federation suggest that
'a concerted effort is afoot to
silence the anti-chemical people,"
while at the same time evidence is
accumulating that chemicals used
to combat pests are killing various
species of wildlife.
Don't Call Us
The NWF had cited as an ex-
ample the claim that many federal
wildlife biologists have been "dis-
invited" to give a number of talks.
Prof. Lagler remarked that there
was much to say on either side
of the controversy, noting that
"we probably need pesticides to
survive." But he added that among
those who favor such chemicals,
there are "users" and "mis-users,"
of which the latter group could be
termed "ultra-conservationists.,,
"And such people are now find-
ing themselves reconsidering their
actions in the light of their in-
advertent but ultimate destruc-
tion," Prof. Lagler said.
Not Spectacular
"With this in mind, careful con-
sideration should be given to other
solutions of the problem, of which
the best probable solution is the
idea of biological control," he not-
ed. "It may not be so spectacular
or so effective immediately, but it
may eventually be the more eco-
nomic method."
There are various ways of ef-
fecting such a control, Prof. Lag-
ler explained. One possibility
would be the introduction into a
noxious animal population of a
virus which would affect only that
population.
Another plan which has worked
successfully in some cases is the
introduction of a predator, al-
though Prof. Lagler admitted tha
this could lead to a new problem
if said predator got out of hand.
Same Problem
He noted, however, that no mat-
ter whether chemical or biological
controls were used, there is the
same disadvantage: the balance of
nature could be irreparably harm-
ed by man's interference.
"The obvious answer to this
problem is caution, caution, cau-
tion!" Prof. Lagler remarked. In
addition, there should be adequate
ecological research, as well as ex-
treme co-ordination between gov-
ernment agencies, he added.
Prof. George Hunt of the na-
tural resources school noted that
"pesticides have undoubtedly
caused losses in wildlife from
time to time," but he added that
problems such as the Dutch Elm
disease still exist as well.
"People will have to choose be-
tween trying to control such prob-

lems and maintaining the same
proportion of songbirds," he said.
Prof. Hunt commented that bio-
logical controls should not be
thought of as a "panacea." The
question is whether or not a bio-
logical control can be developed
which would be as effective in the
long run as currently used chemi-
cals.
Prof. Hunt pointed out that Miss
Carson had not "waged total war
against pesticides" in her book. He
added that she had, on the other
hand, referred to them as "a tool
to be used with common sense."
"For the most part, I agree with
such a view," Prof. Hunt said.
Total Opposition
Taking a "moderate" approach,
Prof. Fred Knight of the natural
resources school urged "careful
evaluation of each situation"
rather than total opposition of
pesticides.
Although he admitted that there
have been situations where the
use of chemical controls proved
to be wrong, he added that in-
secticides haven't created the
problem.

If biological controls are to be
employed in the case of a pest in-
troduced from some other coun-
try, more success would result
from importing a predator from
that same region instead of rely-
ing on species native to the same
area as the pest in question.
Although such importing of a
predator from elsewhere results
in "uprooting it" from its own
habitat and "transplanting it" in-
to a new one, the project should be
successful if the predator is picked
specifically with the new environ-
ment in mind, Prof. Knight said.
He added that there was one
method of control other than
chemical means which was not
mentioned in Miss Carson's book
but which "has given far more
success than the forms of biologi-
cal control discussed there have."
This is silvicultural control, which
is manipuation of the environ-
ment itself, he noted.
Weevil Evil
He cited as an example the in-
troduction of hardwood trees into
a forest of white pines, which re-
sulted in a decided decrease in the
number of pine weevils there.
Prof. Knight disagreed with
Prof. Lagler's opinion that bio-
logical control would be more eco-
nomical. "It hasn't proven to be,
in the long run," he said, although
he admitted that such methods
would have to be used in many
cases. But "we won't ever reach
the point where pesticides are no
longer needed."
"In the final analysis, I feel that
the most effective answer to the
problem is an integration of both
chemical and biological controls,
with chemicals being used only
when biological controls prove to
be inadequate.
Only Beginning
"There is a tendency to accept
chemicals as the final answer.
Yet such procedures are not al-
ways desirable, are usually tem-
porary in effect, and are expensive.
The development of effective
chemical procedures should there-
fore be only the beginning in re-
search," Prof. Knight concluded.
Miss Carson, whose book touch-
ed off all the controversy, recently,
noted, "Nothing has happened to
make me change my mind about
my approach to the problem. If I
were writing the book today, I'd
have a great deal more to add to
the story. Evidence coming to me
since then has only been reinforc-
ing what I've said."
Illness Curtails
Mayer Address
Harold K. Duerksen of the Of-
fice of Religious Affairs has an-
nounced that lecturer-author Mil-
ton Mayer will not be able to meet
his March 28 speaker engagement
at the First Methodist Church be-
cause of a recent illness.

(Continued from Page 1)
Prof. Tonsor said that "general-
ly conservatives have lost as much
by denial of academic freedom as
has any other group in any so-
ciety."
However, academic freedom is a
distinctly different freedom from
general rights and freedoms, he
said. "It has a distinctly different
purpose, that of insuring orderly
humanist and scientific inquiry.
There is a large and substantial
difference between the rights of
citizens and of professors."
University Reflects Society
Prof. Tonsor did not agree with
Mazey that the last 15 years have
seen an erosion of freedom or that
there was ever a golden age of
freedom. "The university always
reflects the consensus of society,
usually the consensus of 20 years
before. The consensus in our so-
ciety 20 years ago was shifting
and the university was finding it-
self in disharmony with society,"
he said.
Outlining the functions of the
university, Prof. Tonsor said 'it
must "preserve the cultural tradi-"
tion and also must work to trans-
form it." He added that too much
emphasis has been placed on the
role of innovation.
Regent Thurber expressed his
agreement with Ross on the broad
definition of academic freedom to
include students and also agreed

with Prof. Tonsor's opinion that
the rights of faculty, students and
administrators are not absolute.
Dangers of Discussion
One of the dangers of a "soap
box atmosphere" of completely
unrestricted discussion is outside
manipulators which might use a
student group to further their
aims.
Commenting on university au-
tonomy, Regent Thurber said
"student groups do democratic
society a disfavor by allowing out-
side groups to come in and manip-
ulate them." This hurts the auto-
nomy of universities and so we
need a "few, simple rules of pro-
cedure," he said.
Discussing the speaker policy,
Regent Thurber commented that
"it is the most advanced state-
wide policy in the nation." He
noted that Michigan has a "uni--
fied front on so we are not open
to as many pressures as other-
wise."
Not 'Undue Restriction'
Regent Thurber said he did not
think it was "undue restriction"
to ask that a student group be
recognized and with a faculty ad-
viser before bringing a speaker to
campus.
He added that he "would like
to see the speaker policy liberal-
ized in the future because there
is a redundancy between the uni-
versities and the federal govern-
ment.


I

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Starring Europe's Top Two Funnymen.
Plus short: MARTIN ET GASTON (color)
COMING NEXT WEEK
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B uildin g Delay
The ground-breaking for the
long-awaited North Campus cen-
tral religious facility will have to
wait at least another two years,
DeWitt C. Baldwin of the Office
of Religious Affairs said recently.
Planned by the Association of
Religious Counsellors, the central
religious facility is to be an inter-
denominational cooperative build-
ing where all groups may share
the meeting rooms, multi-purpose
rooms, library and possibly a
small auditorium.
ORGANIZATION
NOTICES
Congr. Disc. E & R Stud. Guild, Eve-
ning Relaxer, March 24, 8:30 p.m., 802
Monroe.
* * *
Gamma Delta, Lutheran Stud. Group,
Supper, 6 p.m., Choral Service, 7 p.m.,.
March 24, 1511 Washtenaw.
* * *
Graduate Outing Club,.Hike, Today, 2
p.m., Rackham Bldg., Huron St. en-
trance.
* .**
Sociedad Hispanica, Tertulia--Coffee,
Conversation, Music, March 25, 3-5 p.m.,
3050 Frieze Bldg.
Unitarian Student-Group, Meeting-
Planning & other work for Mich. Area
Conference March 30, March 25, 7:30
p.m., 1st Unitarian Church.
Wesleyan Guild, Seminar on the Spir-
it and Forms of Prayer, March 24, 10:15
a.m., Pine Rm.; Speaker: Prof. George
Mendenhall, March 24, 7 p.m., Wesley
Lounge; Open House, March 25, 8-11
p.m., Jean Robe's apt.
* * *
Voice Political Party, Peace Litera-
ture Table, 10:30-3:30 p.m., Fishbowl;
Forum on Labor Unions-Speaker: Bren-
dan Sexton, director, UAW Labor Stud-
ies Center, 8 p.m., UGLI, Multipurpose
Rm.; March 26.

RACHAEL CARSON
. . pesticides
Rather, he said, the blame
should rest with extensive areas
'of monoculture (raising of only
one crop), which "has already
completely upset the balance of
nature.
Continued Use
"If we wish to maintain our
present standards even with in-
creasing populations, we must con-
tinue to use chemicals," he de-
clared.
Prof. Knight termed 'The Silent
Spring' "pretty factual," although
he added that it was not without
its serious errors and exaggera-
dons. "Many people could learn a
lesson from this'. book, but it
shouldn't be used to scare people
as some fanatical groups would
have us believe," he said.
"There is one area where the
book fails, however, and that is
in over-praising biological con-
trol as 'the other road'," Prof.
Knight went on. He explained that
the agents used for such control
are "conservative" and "seek a
balance themselves. They won't al-
ways do as efficient a job as will
chemical means."

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The University of Michigan Newman Club
Presents the
CHRISTIAN MARRIAGE
SERIES
Sunday, March 24, 7:30 p.m.,
"THE CHRISTIAN HOME"
Parent-Child Relationship
Prayer, education, and religious instructic
in the home

AFimFe
GRANDI

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COMING: "YOJIMBO"

THE MICHIGAN UNION
CREATIVE ARTS FESTIVAL
presents
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recreation in the home
J Mrs. Leo F. McNamara

1AAILER

Mr. and

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Author of "Naked and the Dead"
"Advertisements for Myself"

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