3roject Michigan Plas rime Role in 'UIes earch By MICHAEL SATTINGER The Institute of Science and Technology's Project Michigan is the Army's chief source of advanced long-range research on combat surveillance and is the University's largest research project, with a continuing contract of about $4 million a year. Yet few students have heard of the project because its output consists of reports which are mostly secret. Project Michigan, how- ever, is of vital importance to the United States military capability. It is directed by Prof. Robert L. Hess of the engineering department. "In these days of modern armies, when each side in a conflict has the ability to destroy the other 'on sight,' the battle is going to go to the side that 'sees' its enemy first," Project Michigan's assistant director Willice E. Groves said recently, Radar Research Much of the research is done on radar, used to survey terrain in all weather and at any time of the day. A major accomplishment of the project in the field of radar is a high-resolution airborne system. The system maps a wide ter- rain strip which may extend to the line" of sight on either side of the airplane carrying the instruments. The mapping appears as if it were taken directly from above, except for shadowing. Instruments in the plane record returning radar reflection pulses on a signal storage film, which is fed into a specialized type of analog computer after the flight. The computer output is then photo- graphed to form a map. Advantages One of the advantages of such a surveillance system is that a plane can fly over friendly territory while investigating distant enemy positions, Groves said. A major objective in developing the system was to improve res- olution, the ability to see fine detail and to distinguish between closely spaced objects. To achieve this objective, IST personnel synthesized a phantom radar antenna many times the size of the air- craft, a technique which improved resolution proportionately. Since Project Michigan is primarily concerned with research rather than product development, it subcontracted to a private firm the building and installing of several airborne systems in Army air- craft for evaluation by the Army. The airborne components weigh 700 pounds. Fundamental Investigations Project Michigan is also doing fundamental investigations in all areas of moving target indicating radar (MTD. This form of radar registers only those objects which are moving. In essence, it repeatedly scans and records the terrain, each scan separated by a small amount of time. If an object is not moving, every second picture cancels out the first. If it is moving, the shift in posi- tion causes a blip to appear. Photographs are taken of the blips as they appear on a cathode ray tube. Seeking to increase the system's resolution, researchers are attempting to reduce the size of cathode ray spots. Limited Range The range of all radar devices is limited to direct line of sight. MTI radar is used in both ground-to-air and air-to-ground surveil- lance. Ground-to-ground MTI may be used where suitable sites for viewing the terrain are available. Project Michigan experiments are also concerned with airborne navigation. Airborne equipment can measure the time at which sig- nals arrive from ground-based signal-broadcasting stations. Differ- ences in time of arrival from three stations define two hyperboloids in space whose intersection establishes the current position of the air- craft. In addition to radar, the project is also studying the uses of infra- red detection devices for combat surveillance. One method, passive infrared, utilizes suitable detectors to register emitted waves. Since See ARMY, Page 8 RADAR RESEARCH-The Caribou, a transport plane loaned to the University by the Army, has been refitted by Project Michigan for radar research. The aircraft is used as a flying laboratory to run tests on airborne moving target indicating radar systems. POSSIBILITIES FOR DELTA See Editorial Page I / CJ Seventy-Two Years of Editorial Freedom :43 a t t FAIR, WARMER High-65 Low-38 Continued mild, turning cloudy at night j VOL. LXXIII, No. 133 SEVEN CENTS ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SUNDAY, MARCH 24, 1963 TWO SECTIONS EIGHTEEN PAGES Conference Views 'Trends '63' Southern Politics Reverse Course By ELLEN SILVERMAN Four panelists at the Issues Conference yesterday agreed that the South is changing but dis- agreed as to exactly in what direc- tion. Discussing "Political Trends in the South," Prof. Robert S. Fried- man of the political science de- partment cautioned against treat- ing the South as a monolithic body. There are changes in the South in industrialization and urbanization, he noted. "So we now have urban areas voting Republican while rural areas are voting Democratic." Negro Identification The Negro in the South identi- fies with the national Democratic party but in local elections uses his vote to the advantage of fac- tions of either party in order to gain short-range aims, Prof. Fried- man maintained. The Republicans face the prob- lems of building the party at the grass roots level. Prof. Friedman declared that while the Democrats are able to "get away with a scrizoid situation the Republicans probably won't be able to." This is due in part to the fact that the Southern Democrats in Congress, whose strength lies in Congress under the seniority system, see the neces- sities of compromising with the national, presidential party. And the national party is con- stantly friendly to liberal social- economic legislation and civil rights. Democratic Split "Therefore the Southern Demo- crats are willing to get a liberal president in power to keep their own power in Congress," he con- tinued. But with the Republicans, there is a split within the presi- dential as well as the congression- al wings. "The Republicans may succeed in wooing the conservative South- ern white vote, but they would do it at the expense of the national party," Prof. Friedman said. Former Daily Editor Thomas Hayden, Grad, noted that he saw See PANEL, Page 8 Bursley To Ask Research Plan Im provements Rep. Gilbert E. Bursley (R-Ann Arbor) will attempt to amend ap- propriations bills this week in order to restore Gov. George Rom- ney's proposed $750,000 fund to subsidize certain research pro- grams at state universities. The House Committee on Ways and Means declined to report out this provision last Friday, as its members objected to appropriat- ing money for projects not yet specified. In order to make the research fund more acceptable, several means of compromise are being studied, Bursley said yesterday. The most probable device would be to establish a special leisa- tive interim committee which could approve or reject each pro- posal., In the bill's original form, funds would have been given for one year only to the best research ntroietc submitted by stt col- PROF. CARL COHEN ... views democracy Panel Disc usses U.S.-Latin PolicyyROETSLA By ROBERT SELWA Prof. Martin C. Needler of the political science department, par- ticipating in a session of yester- day's Issues Conference devoted to Latin America said that it has been fashionable to criticize the Alliance for Progress because a monumental amount of expecta- tion had accumulated. The United States had no Latin America policy during the eight years of the Eisenhower administration and thus had "a backlog of things to be done." Cautioning the Young. Demo- crats not to take too literally the concrete goals of the Alliance, he suggested that these goals be re- garded as targets aimed at rather than as specific obligations to be met. Prof. C. Norman Guice of Wayne State University's history department asked, who is to sup- ply the coersive force to cause rul- ing elites to give up their power and wealth? The Organization of American States cannot supply the force be- cause the OAS is a week reed; it is a moral force but it is not coer- cive, Prof. Guice continued. The United Nations is tied up in the Congo, he noted. Local Pressure Needed The force will have to come from the governments of Latin America, themselves. But they are not inclined to vote themselves out of office or deprive themselves of their land, Prof. Guice pointed out. It will be necessary for the United States to co-operate with these governing elites, he said. He predicted that tax and land re- form will come but that they will not be as sweeping as the Alliance would like. "The Alliance for Progress has ideals and we should recognize them as such, realizing that in ten years we will not get too far," Prof. Guice declared. "Unless we're prepared to underwrite im- mediate, bloody revolutions, we will see our goals realized only gradually." Prof. Carl Cohen of the phil- osophy department examined Lat- in America through what he called a Cuban lens. If the United States refuses to do business with a de- pendent developing nation. this coutry forces that nation to do business with the Russians, he pointed out. Democracy' Inaccurate He said that "we sully the name Group Discusses Academic Liberty By MARJORIE BRAHMS Defining academic f r e e d o m broadly as "an atmosphere and climate of civil liberties on the college campus," Robert Ross, '63, opened a panel discussion on trends in academic freedom, part of this weekend's Issues Confer- ence sponsored by the Young Democratic Club. Ernest Mazey, executive direc- tor of the Michigan American Civil Liberties Union, Prof. Stephen Tonsor of the history department and Regent Donald M.D. Thurber of Grosse Pointe also gave their outlook on academic freedom. Citing "an aspect of academic freedom which is now neglected and which is important in the state-institutional autonomy in policy-making," Ross said that there now exist limitations on academic freedom which surpass limitations on freedom in the classroom alone. Immediate Limitation He noted immediate limitations such as speaker policy, loyalty measures, "informal but pernici- ous racial and religious bias;" in- termediate limitations such as legislative and alumni pressures. and the self-imposed attitudes of adminisartors to look for these pressures which limit autonomy and to keep "the university's image bright." Mazey said that "in the last 15 years academic freedom has suf- fered serious blows, not in isola- tion but as part of the total pat- tern of events in the United States." Cites Improvement He cited some improvements in the area of academic freedom in Michigan but saw some academic freedom problems which are con- tinuing. Specifically, he listed the cases of Prof. Samuel Shapiro of Oakland University; at Delta Col- lege where there is no tenure sys- tem since the school is new; and at the Detroit Institute of Tech- nology, where those active in or- ganizing a branch of the American Federation of Teachers did not have their contracts renewed. "Institutions of higher educa- tion should lead in the fight for civil liberties," Mazey said. Rights of free expression should be more unlimited at an academic institu- tion which has as an aim the free examination of ideas than else- where. See ISSUES, Page 2 Foresees Skirmish At Border. By The Associated Press NEW DELHI - Indian Prime Minister Jawaharial Nehru warn- ed yesterday that China may be planning new attacks along the 2000-mile border between India and Tibet. Nehru told the lower house of parliament that China has moved in fresh troops along the border and may be considering "further armed action at a time of its own choosing." "During the past fortnight or so Chinese notes to India have become sharp and provocative, some actually scurrilous," Nehru said. 'Self Defense' He told the house that Com- munist China's defense minstry recently issued a statement re- serving the right to act "in self- defense." The prime minister said he thought the phrase might be used to justify a new assault In Peking, Communist Chinese Foreign Minister and Deputy Premier Chen Yi charged that India has "stepped up its war preparations with imperialist rr.il- .itary aid." Speaking at a Pakistani national day, reception Friday night, he said India "has contin- ued to make anti-China clamors and adopted anti-China meas- ures " The border between India and China has been in dispute for years. Cease Fire China then proposed that both sides withdraw 12.5 miles from the line of actual control while they negotiate the dispute. New Delhi rejected any proposal to leave Chinese troops in Indian territory but a de facto cease-fre has existed since. Nehru said the Chinese pulled back 12.5 miles but "their concen- tration beyond this narrow strip continues unchanged." The prime minister called the concentration heavy. Nehru also said the Red Chinese, aided by Tibetan villagers, have been building roads leading to India's northern border. The prime minister said he had a good idea of the strength of the Communist air force and its de- ployment. Nehru urged Red China to abide by proposals for settling the dis- pute outlined by neutral nation3 at the-Colombo conference. Presidents ,For Joi~nt Appropriation FAIR HOUSING: Councilman To Request Session for Legislation At tomorrow night's Ann Arbor City Council work session, first ward Democratic councilman Lynn Eley will call for a special council session to hold a second reading on proposed fair housing legislation. The only way fair housing legislation can be passed into law by council before the April 1 elections is if a special session is called, Eley said yesterday. Such a session can be called by any three mem- Picket Bursts Into Violence KNOXVILLE, Tenn. (M)-What began as an orderly racial dem- onstration snowballed into shov- ing, pushing and fighting yester- day after a group of Negroes be- gan picketing movie houses. Police arrested 36 persons, in- cluding 32 Negroes. At one point, several of the Negroes -- denied tickets at the window - rushed the doors of a theater with tickets which police said were passed out by sympa- thetic white persons. Ushers grabbed and pushed back most of them, but several made it inside, only to be dragged from the lobby. Police fded charges of disorder- ly conduct and conspiracy to ob- struct trade and commerce against most of those arrested. Back Scheme bers of the council. Eley will b suported in his request by first ward Democratic councilwoman Eunice Burns. Mrs. Burns and Eley at present are the only council members who have announced their intention of calling a special session. A silent vigil is scheduled for 6:45-7:45.p.m. tomorrow, the night of the work session. "The intent of the demonstra- tion is not specifically to have the ordinance passed on Monday, but rather to have an effective or- dinance passed as soon as possible, perhaps on Monday,'' Eugene N. Feingold of the political science department and advisor to the Human Relations Board said yes- terday. "If we fail to get a special meet- ing, we will press for a date for the next public hearing and a schedule for the adoption of an ordinance," Eley said. All that is procedurally neces- sary for the ordinance to pass into law at this point is a second hear- ing, Eley said. Kennedy Claims Joblessness 'To Rise Without Tax Relief CHICAGO (IP)-President John F. Kennedy told the nation yes- terday the unemployment rate will climb "steadily and swiftly" to seven per cent-even without a recession-unless taxes are cut to speed economic growth. Kennedy flew to Chicago for three hours of ceremonies marking the formal dedication of O'Hare International Airport, the busiest airport in the world. In a major address, Kennedy made a blunt bid tfor greater public support of his MARVIN L. NIEHUSS . .. sees benefits ROUND-UP: State Seeks .federal Aid To Children By WILLIAM BENOIT LANSING-Gov. George Rom- ney's awaiting a list of legal rea- sons from Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare Anthony Celebrezze's office explaining why Michigan would not be legible for aid to dependent children of un- employed. The ADC-U bill was passed by both houses of the Michigan Legis- lature recently and would give Michigan approximately $12 mil- lion in federal relief funds. Romney had what was described an an "amicable" meeting with the secretary Thursday during which Celebrezze promised to de- liver by early next week a state- ment clarifying why the ADC-U bill as passed by the legislature does not conform with federal legislation. Other Action In other legislative action last week, the Senate sent to the House a bill banning discrimina- tion in real estate transactions. However, its future in the House is somewhat less certain. Senate leaders feared the bill might be buried in the House Com- mittee on state affairs, chaired by Rep. Lloyd Gibbs (R-Portland). House speaker Allison Green (R- Kingston) did not alleviate their fears in announcing that he did indeed intend to send the r .eas- ure to Gibbs' committee. Defeat Bill Also in the House, a bill' to ban subversives from the ballot was defeated 52-51, lacking five votes to make the 56 necessary for passage. Rep. Edward K. Michalski tD- Detroit) proposed one amendment that would have sold at auction any business which has ever given preferential treatment to any un- ion' "dominated by communists." The amendment was defeated 58-27. Pass Package The House passed the fourth in a package of bills designed to promote economic recovery in Michigan. The Romney - backed Survey Finds Indiana Plan Acceptance Hatcher Sees U' Gain, In Graduate Finanring By Using Procedure By PHILIP SUTI[N The presidents of the state colleges and universities, including University P r e s i d e n t Harlan Hatcher, tentatively supported a unified approach to appropria- tioris as in Indiana, a Detroit News survey revealed last night. The Indiana plan calls for sub- mitting a joint hkher education budget to the legislature, eliminat- ing harmful competition among the various institutions. The colleges and universities would first agree to a combined request, then decide how to split it if the legislature cuts or raises it. Funds received from student fees and the operations of the health science schools are ex- cluded from the Indiana plan. Presidents See Difficulties The college presidents generally agreed to the idea, but found many difficulties in the implementing it, the News survey found. A ma- jor problem would be getting the 10-state supported institutions to agree on a common budget, sev- eral presidents pointed out. "We would be happy at such an arrangement. Our problem stead- ily has been one of calling atten- tion to the University's more costly graduate program which comprises more than 40 per cent of the University's activity. When we apply the Indiana plan, which follows a graduated formula built on cost studies, we discover that in 1961-62, the University would have received another $5 million in state funds," Hatcher noted. Executive Vice - President Mar- vin L. Niehuss added that uniform cost accounting has developed to the point where the Indiana plan could be applied to Michigan. Within Constitution He said that this joint arrange- ment would not violate the Uni- versity's constitutional autonomy. It is aeco-operativeiagreement, Niehuss explained, which no one is forced to make. "This plan requires close co- operation with the legislature. In Indiana an interim committee works with the various colleges and universities," he added. Rep. Arnell Engstrom (R-Tra- verse City) was somewhat skep- tical of the plan. He said that it had been talked about for years and had been suggested in the Russell Report, a comprehensive 1958 study of Michigan education. No Serious Consideration "This plan has merit, but it has never seriously been considered," ; Engstrom said. Charles Orlebeke, Gov George Romney's education advisor noted SOUNDS: Clever Collegians Sing Show Collegiate U.S.A. filled Hill Aud. last night when five college sing- ing groups, replete in blazers, striped ties and crew-cuts, par- ticipated in the Vulcan-Interfra- ternity Council sponsored show, "Sounds from the Summit." The Jabberwocks, from Brown University and one of the nation's oldest octets, made their first trip to the Midwest for the show. They did numbers ranging from "Fas- cinating Rhythm" to a strait- laced parody of the Yale singing group. From Ohio State, the Mello- Lites did sophisticated, modern numbers with 'an emphasis on plan to cut taxes by $10.3 billion during the next three years. Kennedy said a tax cut is needed "above all" if the country is to cope with an onrushing "tide of manpower." Declaring that the creation of millions of jobs is "our No. 1 domestic concern," Kennedy said: "Unless we step up our rate of growth-unless we create a supply of jobs that is more equal to the' demand-our rate of unemploy- ment will steadily and swiftly climb to the recession level of seven per cent." "Above all," he said, "we need to release the brake of wartime tax rates which are now holding down growth at the very time we need more growth to create more jobs." Kennedy predicted that his tax cut proposal would result in a multiplication of new markets, new equipment, new jobs. He did not confine his solution to the employ-1 .._... ,tea ... ... .,. :_,. .._.:; ...