Seventy-Third Year
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Truth Will Prevail"
ditorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must b- noted in all reprints.

Birchhead

' " +
'I I Yr

LATIN PROGRESS:
Time Running Out
As U.S. Fights The Past

L

ESDAY, MARCH 6,1963

NIGHT EDITOR: BARBARA LAZARUS

Harris Report Portent:
A New Beginning for Affiliates'

A MAJOR BREAKTHROUGH in elimination
of discriminatory practices among student
organizations at the University has come in
the last week with the release of the long-
awaited "Harris report."
Ever since the Sigma Kappa case in 1959-
when that sorority defied local censure-
Council has been attempting to clarify its
right to consider the membership selection
practices of student organizations.
In 1959, Sigma Kappa defied a 1949 regula-
tipn which denied recognition to any student
xorganization which prohibited membership on
the basis of race, color or creed, and at the
same time the local was free to determine its
own membership. The sorority took this stand
en advice from the national.
N A LONG series of incidents since 1959-
with SGC members, faculty, administration
uncertain as to which group was responsible
for enforcement of tle 1949 regulation-Coun-
cil has attempted to establish clearly its right
to withdraw recognition from those student
organizations it recognizes.
With passage of a Regental bylaw and a
Council regulation and appointment of a Com-
nittee on /embership-Council seemed ready
to take meaningful action in demands for
membership statements from student organiza-
tions. By this fall, however, the Committee on
Membership was left with two members after
students and several faculty members quit
the committee. The faculty members called
discrimination in student organizations "a stu-
dent problem" and students were disgusted
with the inability of the committee to make
progress. The committee, in a report to Coun-
cil last December, cited "SGC's paralysis in
the area of discrimination" and thought Coun-
cil showed "a disheartening, lack of conviction,
and an apathy towards one of the most vital
issues confronting this University and, indeed
this country today."
Council had repeatedly asked five sororities-
Alpha Epsilon Phi, Phi Mu, Kappa Delta, Delta
Delta, Delta and Sigma Kappa for member-
ship statements; the five have thus far refused
to comply with the Council demand, and
Council did not pursue its requests. Council
in 1962 found itself back where it had started
in 1959-the group was uncertain of its real
authority and was afraid to act. The sororities
had engaged counsel; SGC did not particularly
want to see them in court. The Council stood
on "pretty shaky legal ground," was the
way one member put it.
SPECIFICALLY, Council wanted answers to
several questions: could the Regents, pos-
sessed of legislative and administrative author-
ity and able to delegate only the latter, give
Council the power to enforce its own anti-
discrimination regulation based on bylaw 2.14?
What did the Regents mean when they asked
that groups "work for" elimination of dis-
crimination? Was there a conflict between the
more general stand taken by the bylaw, and
the specific directive embodied in the SGC
regulation? Exactly how should Council go
about implementing its regulation?
The Harris report attempts to answer these
,uestions as it provides for a membership
judge and a membership committee appointed
by SGC to consider cases of violation of Coun-
oil's anti-discrimination regulation. The report
seems to have unanimous Council support, and
will be passed along , o the Regents.
Dress
T HE OFFICE of Student Affairs is presently
in the process of deciding the lines of
authority in the determination of rules re-
garding women's dress regulations. The issue
arose recently out of the decision of houses
n Alice Lloyd to liberalize their dress stan-
tlards-.
When the University had an Office of Dean
:if Women, final authority in such matters
rested there. Abolition of that office in the
reorganization of the OSA has left open all
its previous authority, which is being relocated
within the present OSA structure as the need
arises.
It has been the stated policy of many OSA
>fficials that students should be given a larger
role in determining their own rules and regu-

lations. The attempt of coeds in Lloyd to
establish their own rules ought, therefore, to
be a welcome sight to the OSA, and should be
encouraged by that office.
P BE CONSISTENT with its stated philos-
ophy, and to be consistent with the proper
function of student determination of their own
ives, the OSA and Vice-President Lewis have
ao other choice than to give final authority to,
he dormitory women. We have heard many
;ronouncements from officials of the OSA
vishing the rise of student determination of
rules and regulations.
Let the OSA now come out strongly in favor
)f students' rights to decide such questions for
hemselves. Let the OSA now give final author-
+, to the + wmen in the rednce hal svtm

THOSE STUDENT organizations which will
be affected by the projected moves of the
Council-Greek organizations whose charters
and constitutions reportedly contain "bias"
clauses, or which practice "unwritten discrim-
ination' in selection of their members-cite
three problems which make compliance with
SGC regulations difficult, or impossible.
Some groups claim they have not been cer-
tain of their responsibilities: however, a letter
to several organizations from the then SGC
president Richard Nohl in 1961 outlining the
official form of such statements can hardly
be criticized for lack of clarity. Nohl asked the
groups to "list all current rules, regulations,
policies, written or oral agreements, or any
other written or unwritten criteria which in
any way affect the selection of members.
Secondly, he asked for the group's interpreta-
tion of the ability of the group to comply with
the University Regulation on Membership ...
Other groups contend they do not practice
discrimination in their fraternities or sororities
but cite problems with the national which
prevent compliance by the local with SGC reg-
ulations.
Sorority and fraternity leaders resent the
"big push" on the campus, and can only
bury their heads in their hands as they talk
about national conventions deadlocked by
southern chapters and alumni chapters over
the question of "bias" clauses. These leaders
assert they are working with other northern
houses for elimination of bias clauses, but that
it "takes time." Some nationals have given
locals threatened with withdrawal of recog-
nition on their own campuses a "waiver" priv-
ilege: last spring Sigma Nu, with a bias clause
in its national charter, was able to comply with
local demands for a non-restrictive member-
ship provision by use of the waiver.
More importantly, many local Greek leaders
and sorority and fraternity members question
the right of students or SGC to act as the
implementing agency for bylaw 2.14. These
groups, question the right of students to be
making demands of their fellow students.
Thus they refuse "qn principle" demands for
membership statements. Such a view represents
a general philosophical position and spills over
into every domain of student interest and
action.
The same students who ask that faculty and
administration be more closely concerned with
decisions relevant to discrimination in student
organizations also show a mistrust of student
capability and effectiveness in other areas.
These are the same groups which condemn
SGC discussion of "off-campus" issues, and
which vote against membership in the United
States National Student Association because
that group formulates policy declarations on
issues not of "direct student concern."
An all-out condemnation of the Greek sys-
tem would be unfair: there are numbers of
sorority and fraternity people working toward
elimination of bias and discriminatory prac-
tices on both the local and the national level.
More and more houses are pledging people
they would not have accepted five years ago;
hopefully they pledge those people on the basis
of personal merit, and not because they want
to prove they aren't prejudiced.
THE SORORITY and fraternity system finds
itself assailed, cornered, on the defensive.
Its leaders seldom talk in positive terms any
more, but instead find themselves responding
to the demands of "liberals" for an "agonizing
reappraisal" of the Greek system. That system
is in transition, and its leaders must take the
initiative to sponsor internal reforms which
help it to evolve with a University which is in
both evolution and revlution.
Sororities and fraternities, like other student
organizations, find themselves faced with an
adjustment to the increasing academic load
of the University. The most recent issue of
the Fraternity News, a publication of the
Interfraternity Council, recognized the neces-
sity of the fraternity's more academic orien-
tation when it carried an article asserting
that fraternities promoted scholarship.
Unfortunately, the article emphasized the
fraternity's responsibility to encourage its
members to "get good grades," and neglected
more basic educational and intellectual goals
which appreciate learning for learning's sake.

THE SYSTEM has most recently found itself
on the defensive when its leaders, oppose
junior apartment permission for women-the
sororities fear a drop in pledging if women
know they are able to secure apartments dur-
ing the last two years of University residence.
The sorority system will continue to oppose
liberalization of apartment permission privi-
leges, and be supported by an-dadministration
which is protecting them. But the question is
basic: the system has come to a sad pass when
its, leaders admit that sororities can attract
members only on the basis of a physical plant.
Sororities and fraternities as they currently
exist are pass6. The rah rah, coonskin coat
college days are no more. These groups must
begin to look at themselves in a new light as
they adjust to demands of students who ap-

t
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ZX'R~as L
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I

n OkWAIZA-roN
NATIONAL SERVICE CORPS:

By MALINDA BERRY
THE MOST 'long-range, the big-
gest, most serious, most para-
doxical, and probably most in-
soluable problem facing the West-
ern world is the question of the
development of Latin America.
The United States has attempt-
ed by several methods to inject
what is considered to be the life-
blood of Democracy into the seeth-
ing continent-money. But the
Alliance for Progress and the mil-
lions of other dollars in undesig-
nated foreign aid can't offer to
any peoples the background neces-
sary to accept the responsibility of
Democracy.
An unbroken history of oppres-
sion, lack of education, and au-
thoritarian'dictatorships cannot be
erased. There is no basis for the
institutions of a republican form
of government. It takes fertile soil
for the fruits of Democracy to
flower. And LatinAmerica is bar-
ren.
It takes a high literacy rate, a
prosperous middle class, a good
rate of industrialization and, most
important of all, a firm founda-
tion of belief in the tenets of
Democracy to make it successful.
Latin America has none of these.
It is possible to increase the
literacy rate, and to infuse enough
money and a planned economy
into a country to make it materi-
ally ready for Democracy-but no-
thing but time can give the spirit
of freedom. And tim~e is the com-
modity that the United States
and the United Nations are so
painfully lacking.
* * *
LATIN AMERICA is rapidly
coming to a point of crisis-a de-
cision will be made which will
determine just how the continent
will go. Cuba was the first step.
However, the extreme right-wing
dictatorships of other countries
are even more confining. This is
the biggest problem of the demo-
cratic West when dealing with
Latin America-the southern half
of the hemisphere has no concept
of freedom.
It doesn't know what liberty is.
There is no question of sacrificing
comforts in order to achieve the
freedoms of election, speech, re-
ligion, assembly, association and
the others most Americans are
willing to go hungry to maintain.
To the peasant who has suffered
under the yofe of dictatorships
since the dim beginnings of time
the highest possible goal is a full
stomach and a fighting chance to
live to maturity.
It is not just the land barons
and aristocracy who can be blam-
ed for snuffing out any chance for
the development of democratic
Ideals and freedoms. The Catholic
Church stands to take much of
the blame. Between the great
estates and the monolithic power
of the Church in Latin America
there was no chance for the ad-
vancement of human dignity or
the material progress of the people.
WHETHER the United States
can act fast enough and effectively
enough to counter an unbroken
history of oppression is the ques-
tion. Latin America is soon to
erupt.
No longer are the peasants cut
off from contact with the outside
world so that they are unaware
of the advancements made by
other countries. They know that
elsewhere people are going to bed
with full stomachs and Commun-
ism is offering this to them now.
Also, it is an impossible task to
describe to a country and a people
who' have no concept of a free
election, the difference between
Communist "free" elections and
the more meaningful choices of-
fered in the democratic countries.
** *
THE QUESTION comes down to
the people of Latin America as
a choice between life-in the form
of food and goods-and a vague
incomprehensible "freedom." It
appears to be a moot question.

But the United States has per-
formed miracles before-and per-
haps it can save its cause again.
However, it's going to take a group
of phenomenially dedicated and
capable people equipped with
enough money to act effectively
and fast. Whether this is the pro-
vince of the state department
or private individuals who see the
necessity for their work, is un-
important. But without them the
outlook is at best bleak.
LETTERS
to the
EDITOR
To the Editor:
SINCERELY HOPE that a re-
cent Daily trend does not con-
tinue. I refer to examples of Daily
staff members using its editorial
columns to further their personal,
non-journalistic activities.
The case of City Editor Michael
Harrah's Young GOP convention
post-mortem in which, he sang
the praises of a defeated, dark-
horse candidate for YR state
chairman is a fine example. Har-
rah's "breath of fresh air from
Grand Rapids" seems a trifle pre-
judicial in view of the previous
day's new story that it was Harrah
himself who nominated the dark
horse.
Second case in point is the over-
long discussion of the student role
on the Athletic Board in Control,
written by sports staffer Bill Bul-
lard. I have been given to under-
stand that Bullard is a candidate
for a seat on that board and thus
The Daily has provided him with
a forum which (in view of The
Daily's letter to editor length rule)
is not available to his opposition.
This is not to question the mo-
tives or positions of either writer,
but rather to ask whether or not
the use of the newspaper in this
way is a proper one.
--Michael J. Gillman, '61

By ELLEN SILVERMAN
CONFERENCES are often wild,
gay affairs where delegates
spend more time drinking than
they do voting. Or conferences are
dull affairs where speakers end-
lessly trek on and off a platform
and present proposals in mean-
ingless platitudes. When a con-
ference is held that is both fun
and constructive then the basic
aims of conferences in general are
achieved.
Such was the case last weekend
when the United States National
Student Association sponsored a
conference on the proposed Na-
tional Service Corps.
THE CORPS is still in the plan-
ning stage. No administration bill
has yet been introduced into Con-
gress to establish the corps. But
behind the scenes there has been
much effort pbut forth to produce
the outlines of a workable corps
which could be financed in this
fiscal year. And these were the
proposals that the USNSA dele-.
gates evaluated.
President John F. Kennedy has
set up a Presidential study group
to study the possibilities of put-
ting a corps into effect. This
group has been working since No-
vember and has presented a vol-
uminous report to the President
on the workings of the corps.
The group is chaired by Attorn-
ey General Robert Kennedy and
the experts on the committee are
from many departments in the
cabinet, all of those which will
be affected by the corps work.
* * *
THERE HAVE already been
charges of illegality in regard to
the corps. Rep Paul Finley (R-Ill)
told the conference that the use
of federal funds for lobbying in
Congress is prohibited by law.
But whether or, not the project
study is illegal, the fact remains
that it is in existence and it has
delved into all of the pertinent
areas. The group is enthusiastic
about the corps. So much so, in
fact, that it was dismayed at the
critical reaction of the delegates
in the first workshop sessions. But
in the end, the conference voted
overwhelmingly to support the
idea of the corps and suggested
numerous areas in which it could
work.
In its plenary session the third
day, the conference voted to en-
dorse the idea of the corps. While
discussing the various subpoints
including the composition of the
corps, the selection for it and the
work which the corps would do in
the field, an alternative resolution
was offered to denounce the pro-
ject.
* * *
THE GROUP which introduced
this resolution used innumerable
parliamentary devices to slow the
progress of the conference. In the
main the ranks of the obstruc-
tionists came from Young Ameri-
cans for Freedom. The main reso-
lution was introduced by the na-
tional chairman of YAF.
The proposal noted that private
and local organizations in the area
of social welfare were doing and

pass numerous resolutions which
would suggest to the study group
work which could be done by
corpsmen.
* * *
THE CORPS is conceived of as
a voluntary organization which
would go into local areas of ex-
treme social and economic depri-
vation and doing work to aid, the
people involved. Once initial pro-
jects have been established, the
corpsmen work would stimulate or
catalize the local community and
thus the progress can revert to
local volunteers.
In this manner, the conference
felt that college students or the
retired senior citizen with usable
skills could, contribute to the work
of the corps. Corpsmen were seen
as working in the areas of mental
health, as hospital aides, migrant
workers, as teachers of both basic
education and sanitation and
health, in Indian affairs as teach-
ers, in urban problems as develop-
ers of indigenous leaders, in ju-
venile delinquency as "detached
workers" and as educators and
teachers in tutorialprojects.
The substance of the individual
workshops on all of these prob-
lems is almost as voluminous as
the initial study group report. But
the solutions presented to some of
the United States' basic problems
are intelligently thought out and
the result of critical thinking.
THE COLLEGE students did not
merely gloss over the administra-
tion's program, although it seem-
ed at the beginning that the study
group resource people had hoped
that this would be the case.
Nor did the students object for
objection's sake. This seemed to
be the aim of the YAF at times.
Rather, in the limited amount of
time given for discussion, they
attempted to define the problems

and find the most workable solu-
tions to them.
There were many who were dis-,
appointed with the small number
of corpsmen proposed, 1000-in the
first year. But the entire concept
of the corps depends upon the
catalytic effect of the workers,
not the work itself.
* * *
AS THE conference's purpose
resolution states. "we see a Na-
tional Service Corps as an actor,
as a creative agent which through
dialogue with the local public and
voluntary organizations can facil-
itate the development of compre-
hensive programs directed at the
erradication of social evils in this
country and which can allocate
human resources to the fulfill-
ment of such a project."
Of course, the final document
was a compromise. All documents
which are compiled by more than
300 persons of necessity are. The
first workshop groups of about
20 people dilute the ideas to the
satisfaction of all. And then the
conference itself modifies the most
controversial and important state-
ments.
But the end product of the con-j
ference in Washington was an ex-
pression of student thought. And
the resolutions which were passed
have a good chance of being in-1
corporated into the administration
bill when it is introduced at the
end of the month.
STUDENTS IN COLLEGE will
be the backbone of the corps just
as they are of the Peace Corps.
Two years ago USNSA endorsed
the idea of the Peace Corps and
the students showed a definite in-
terest in it.
Today the Peace Corps is an
acknowledged success. The stu-
dents in Washington showed an
equally high interest. Perhaps this
is a foreshadowing of the future.

Review...


To the Editor:
I HAVE a complaint to make
about the integrity of reviews
appearing in the Sunday issue of
The Daily. The article by Burton
Michaels on the Peter, Paul, and
Mary concert is the prime object
of my dissatisfaction. They are a
group of musicians, and criticism
of them on the basis of their
standards of performance, or ef-
fectiveness before an audience is
valid. Mention of the fact, that
their names are or are not of a
particular ethnic background is
irrelevant, and linking the reserved
performance of one Mary with
that of the other one-Mary Mag-
dalene-is not only extremely ir-
relevant but in the worst possible
taste. The comment on Mary's
rising skirt was also unfortunate.
I would like to ask the Honor-
able Michaels if he has ever seen
a ballet, a form of art without
the connotations he applies to
Mary, though the skirts are us-
ually quite a bit more revealing.
Perhaps his theater-going has not
yet reached that level.
Journalism is not only absurd,
but insulting when carried on in
this manner.
Lately, the reviews _published on
many things have seemed a bit
picayune. The one in Sunday's
issue follows suit, with a review of
"Wine and Roses." Brien seems
more concerned with Lee Remick's
billing than the quality of the
movie. He has more alliterations
and aphorisms than insights.
I move for a raising of the
standards of threater reviewing.
The Daily 'has such A. good repu-
tation that I would hate to see it
dragged down by a couple of mis-
directed articles.
-Herbert DuVal, 64

I


TODAY AND TOMORROW:
Whar Hawks and War Whoops

By WALTER LIPPMANN
AFTER A WEEK in Arizona, I
not only have a fine sunburn,.
but I also think I have learned
something. By reading Mr. Pul-
ham's newspapers in the morning
and the evening, I have learned
that we must distinguish between
a war party-of which I have seen
no traces out here-and a war
whoop party, which likes to be
warlike but does not want war.
A war party consists of people
conspiring and agitating to start
a war from which the country will
win, they think, profit and glory.
It would be hard to find an Ameri-
can who thinks that in any great
war today there could be much
profit or glory. The war whoop
party consists of people who sup-
pose that, no matter what we do,
the Russians will not go to war.
Having this kind of confidence,
they suppose that, in order to get
rid of Castro, we are quite free to
flirt with smallish acts of war,

knock the stuffings out of Krush-
chev with a smashing editorial.
S* * *
I SHALL be going back to Wash-
ington convinced that the country
wants Cuba handled without war,
big or little, and that it would not
only be wrong but quite unneces-
sary for the President to change
his course in order to quiet the
war whoopers. The fact in the
Cuban problem is that there is now
a consensus on the controlling
facts.
The responsible opposition,
which is best represented by Sena-
tor Keating of New York, is in
agreement with the administration
that 1) with the removal of the
long-range missiles, there is no
military threat to the United
States, and 2) that with constant
aerial photography, it would not
be posible to do again what was
done during the intelligence gap
in September and October-to
construct secretly an offensive
base. They are agreed further-

erning Cuba? The answer is that
we shall not do this unless there
is deliberate planned aggression
from Cuba against American in-
terests and rights.
Why won't we do it? Because
the invasion of Cuba would re-
quire several divisions of troops
and would cost very heavy casual-
ties and would, after a successful
invasion and conquest, leave us
with the odious task of policing
Cubal and with the obligation to
feed and restore Cuba for a period
of perhaps 10 years at the least.
NOT EVEN the war whoopers
in their most carefree and ir-
Furriners
WHILE EVERY possible effort
should be made to accommo-
date capable students within the
state, no university can afford to

responsible moments want an in-
vasion and occupation. What then
is left? What is left is what we
now have: the policy of contain-
ment. Once we adopt the policy of
containment, we are faced with
the consoling reality, which is that
the United States alone cannot
contain Castro tightly. How tightly
he is contained depends not on us
alone, but most of all on what
the other American states are
able and willing to do. We can
help them with advice and tech-
nical devices, but the United
States cannot guard all the har-
bors and airports and control the
channels of communication, in-
cluding embassles from all parts
of the world, through which sub-
version operates. Each American
country will have to deal with the
small aggressions. The United
States, if it has Latin-American
cooperation, can control the seas
and intercept any large scale op-
eration which might be launched
from Cuba.