THE MICHIGAN DAILY

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4MPUS POLITICS:
Stock meyer Attacks Apathy

Mooney Claims Budget
Will Surpass Estimate

AMPHIBIOUS WARFARE:
NROTC Offers Marine Option

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(EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the first
in a series on student political ac-
tion and student political apathy.
The views of Student Government
Council member Robert Ross, '63,
and United States National Student
Association President Dennis Shaul
will be featured in coming articles.)
By GLORIA BOWLES
Disagreeing with reports of a
new interest in politics on cam-
puses across the country, Stu-
dent Government Council Presi-
dent Steven Stockmeyer told a
Kalamazoo College audience re-
cenity that "there is no outstand-
ing increase in student political
awareness and involvement."
"In fact," noted Stockmeyer,
Cite Criteria.
For Evaluating
Firm Location

"political activity on the campus
is not exceeding expectations and
is following its normal, unexcit-
ing course. That which would give
you the opposite impression is
largely phony and the results of
a more public relations-minded
student leader and a more gullible
or sensational press."
The SGC president, who ad-
dressed a gathering of about 600
students at the small liberal arts
college, pointed to the increased
"sophistication" of student politi-
cal leaders, who have discovered
the value of newspapers and mag-
azines in the presentation of their
stands. Such publications, edited
by a few individuals, give the
impression of a burgeoning student
movement. ;ational publications,
depending on such information,
thus build up a false image of
American student action.
Conservative Groups
He pointed particularly to con-
servative student groups, such as
the Young Americans for Free-
dom whose several publications
gave the impression of a "conserv-
ative revolt."
Among leftist groups, Stockmey-
er noted a tendency toward forma-
tion of a large number of groups,
which made the University cam-
pus look like .a "hotbed of leftist
activity."' In reality, Stockmeyer
said that since the same students
were members of the several
groups, they are able to project
an image of a wide following.
Considering the various groups
involved in student political action,
Stockmeyer say the Young Repub-
licans and the Young Democrats,
supporting similar ideologies, but
acting as the single effective or-
gans sitting in the middle of ex-
tremist groups of both the left and
the right.
Stockmeyer said he "despised
the political apathy of my fellow
students in the same way I despise
the common thief--because an
apathetic individual does nothing

more than steal from himself, his
school and more importantly from
his state and country."
He berated college campus apa-
thy which saw 80-90 per cent of
students politically inactive and
unable to name their congressmen,
their senators, or make a distinc-
tion between the House of Repre-
sentatives in Lansing and the
House in Washington.
However, he expressed his un-
derstanding of American student
apathy which originates in a res-
ignation that "in this country
students aren't listened to; they
are not held in the high esteem
that they are in other parts of
the world."
Regrets Reaction
However, Stockmeyer regretted
an American student approach to
issues that most often manifests
itself in reaction rather than ac-
tion or initiation.
He asserted that he did think
that there are "certain channels
open for effective student politi-
cal action," and cited the student
registration of Negro voters in the
South as an example of opportuni-
ties open to students.
Stockmeyer then questioned the
"popular misconception" of the
purported educational value deriv-
ed from participation in student
politics. On the contrary, he
thought that "many of these or-
ganizations breed ignorance of and
blindness of student issues." He
cited the extremist groups as most
guilty of a lack of objectivity, and
recommended that interested stu-
dents should engage in careful se-
lection of groups.
However, though he noted the
drawbacks to student action, and
particularly the discouragement
faced by student leaders, Stock-
meyer pointed to the individual
"satisfaction" of political action
and to the meaningful contribu-
tion students could make on their
campuses and in their communi-
ties.

(Continued from Page 1)
The second criterion is whether
the location is near a large uni-
versity or not. More specifically,
the university must offer a variety.
"of refresher courses and lectures
in topical subjects." The univer-
sity itself must have diversified
research programs Involving ex-
perienced personnel," Boyd com-
mented.
Third, the university must "be
near, but not in, a large metro-
politan area." d
A fourth criterion, Boyd said,
was whether the community has
experience in "cooperating and
living with industrial research per-
sonnel and their organizations."
Research Oriented
The community must also be
principally oriented to education
and research, disallowing manu-
facturing "except for small, un-
obtrusive products."
The exact location of the com-
munity is also important, Boyd
noted. "It must not be so far re-
moved from other educational and
research communities as to'handi-
cap communications and visita-
tions with them."
in addition, the community must
be near recreational areas, allow-
ing family excursions on holidays
and weekends.\
Not Remote
Finally, the city should not be
too remote from other parts of
the corporation, thereby handi-
capping communication.
"A strong research program at
a university," Boyd said, "helps,
not only the research firms in the
conmunity but also students and
faculty. The faculty must keep
abreast of' what's going on in his
own field. He can also pass this
along to his. students in their
course work
"In sum, research needs a high-
ly cultural community and a high-
ly cultural community needs re-
search."
Nichols To Hold
Two Day Seminar
Prof. Ralph Nichols of the Uni-
versity of Minnesota will conduct
a two day seminar from 8:30 a.m.
to 4:30 p.m. today and Friday on
"Improved Comr unic atIons
through Listening Training" in the
third floor conference room of the
Michigan Union. The seminar is
part of the Bureau of Industrial
Relations Personnel Techniques

By BARBARA PASH
Although President John F. Ken-
nedy has estimated an administra-
tive budget for fiscal 1964 of
$98.8 billion, the government will
actually spend approximately $120
billion next year, Richard Moon-
ey, Washington, D.C. correspond-
ent of the New York Times, declar-
ed Tuesday.
Speaking on "Taxing and Spend-
ing on the New Frontier," he ex-
plained that there are many ways
of measuring federal spending. The
administrative budget is one way:
another is to add to this sum the
extra $20 billion for social secur-
ity, which is treated as a trust
fund, not as part of the regular
budget. Thus the entire spending
is actually 20-25 per cent larger
than the budget Kennedy will sub-
mit to Congress soon.
"There are four truths about the
federal budget which must be not-
ed. First, the federal budget is
only partly an economic subject.
Its other component is political.
Most talk about the budget is made
up of economics, politics, hypocrisy
and ignorance," Mooney continued.
Manipulations
The second truth about the
budget is that although federal
spending is big now, it is going to
increase. The Kennedy adminis-
tration decided that it was best not
to break the $100 billion mark.
So, he said, they were able to
manipulate computer figures and
come up with a slightly lower fig-
ure.
"This, however, does not matter.
The budget figure is just an esti-
mate. It assumes that from now
till June 30, 1964, the cold war
won't get any colder or hotter, that
only an average number of nations
will need an average amount of
American aid and that we will
have an average agricultural pro-
duction," Mooney continued.
The January budgets for the
past 5 completed years have es-
timated a net surplus of $8 mil-
lion, whereas actually we had a
net deficit of $112 million. News-
papers are as guilty as anything
for identifying $98.8 billion as an
exact amount in the public mind.
Sizable Sector
"Third, the much-discussed pub-
lic sector is today exactly the
same size (20 per cent of the
Gross National Product) as it was
5 years ago during former Presi-
dent Dwight D. Eisenhower's ad-
ministration. It hasn't started
growing yet," he said.
The last truth is that the federal
budget is neither a "family" budg-
et in which we are trying to live
within our income nor a "cor-
porate" budget trying to make a
profit. Neither terms should apply
to federal spending.
Theoretically, Congress controls
the purse-strings. Actually, Moon-
ey noted, unless Congress takes
leave of its senses and abolishes
the Air Force or stops veterans'
pensions, it must appropriate the
requested finances.
Congress has already pledged
some of the money in laws which
it passed that specify that certain
parts of the budget be automat-
ically appropriated. However, it

is interesting to note that the sec-
ond largest item in the budget is
interest on the national debt,
which is now $800 million.
"Back-door spending-spending
which doesn't go through regular
appropriation channels-is a pop-
ular, effective device for smooth
operations. And it is commonly
known that programs usually start
with small appropriations and be-
come larger," Mooney declared.
More Than Ike
The Kennedy administration has
increased spending more in three
years than Eisenhower did in 8
years, and we haven't even touch-
ed public welfare expenditures yet,
according to Mooney. The whole
question of the federal budget dif-
fering from family and corporation
budgets is really based on whether
the government should incur a def-
icit, he added.
Peter Talks
GENEVA-Delivering a paper at
a United Nations Conference in
Geneva, a University researcher
recently said that applying sci-
ence and technology to human
lives depends more on men than
on machines.
Benefits from science and tech-
nology come by a social process
that requires more than changes
in machinery, Hollis W. Peter, di-
rector of the Foundation for Re-
search on Human Behavior, ex-
plained. Peter is one of some 2000
delegates from 80 countries at the
conference, which is dealing with
the application of science and
technology for the benefit of less
developed areas.
Peter said that what is needed
are social changes "that are more
difficult and take more time to
bring about-changes in knowl-
edge, attitudes, thinking, skills and
habits of people, and the way they
are organized."
Rapid and widespread applica-
tion of technology depends in-
creasingly on "our ability to ac-
quire social knowledge," Peter em-
phasized.

By BARBARA LAZARUS
All Naval ROTC midshipmen
have the opportunity to elect to
participate in t1-e Marine Corps
officers' training program in their
sophomore year.
Major Marvin H. Stevens said
that each of the 52 ROTC units
offering a Marine option program
has a Marine instructor with the
rank of major and a sergeant as-
sistant to handle the program.
"Each university offers the same
ROTC program as that of the Uni-
versity, which consists of two two-
semester sequences in the evolu-
tion of the art of war and amphib-
ious warfare," Maj. Stevens add-
ed.
Amphibious Warfare
Amphibious warfare studies the
development of amphibious opera-
tions from the battle of Galipoli
in World War I through the In-
chon landing in the Korean War.
It uses the basic Marine text
and concentrates on such things
as planning an amphibious opera-
tion, embarking troops, moving to
the objective area and operations
ashore, he commented.
"The evolution of the art of war
studies the-evolution of tactics, in-
fluence of new weapons on the
battlefield and a historical cover-
age of war from Alexander to the
Korean War."
Co-ed Credit
Any student, male or female,
may take Naval science courses
and receives three hours credit
for one semester. Some of these
courses include navigation,, naval
history and the two Marine ROTC
courses, Maj. Stevens noted.
Maj. Stevens explained the dif-
ferences between a contract and
a regular midshipman. A contract
midshipman contracts to take
Naval ROTC when he reaches col-
'U' To Confer
With Churches
The Michigan Association of
Church Related Colleges, the
Michigan Association of Catholic
Colleges, and the University will
hold a conference on Liberal Edu-
cation today in Rackham Amph.
Registration for the conference
begins at 9:30 a.m. Prof. Gerald
Else, chairman of the classical
studies department, will speak on
"The Origin of Tragedy."

lege. Upon completing the pro-
gram he is commissioned either an
ensign in the Navy or second lieu-
tenant in the Marine Corps and
serves three years of active serv-
ice as a reserve officer. At the
University he receives his uni-
fo'rms, books and a small retain-
er his last two years.
"A regular midshipman is se-
lected on the basis of a national
competitive exam and receives tui-
tion, book fees, uniforms and a $50
retainer fee per month during his
four years. He then serves four
years of active service.
VOICE To Hold
General Meeting
VOICE Political Party will hold
a membership meeting at 7:30 p.m.
tonight in Room 3B of the Michi-
gan Union. Endorsement of Stu-
dent Government Council candi-
dates is on the agenda.

On the first class cruise between
the Junior and senior years, a stu-
dent electing the Marine option
spends six weeks in training at
Quantico, Va., and the Naval mid-
shipmen spends it aboard ship, he
explained.
The contract midshipman takes
only one cruise between his junior
and senior years and is either as-
signed aboard ship or, if he has
elected the Marine option, goes to
Quantico for training, Maj. Stev-
ens added.
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'VACUUM':
Frank Notes Mortals'
Search for Meaning,

By ROBERT GRODY
Prof. Viktor Frankl of the Uni-
versity of Vienna, a pioneer in
psychological theory, delivered a
lecture yesterday on "Man's Search
for Meaning."
The lecture, which was spon-
sored by the Office of Religious
Affairs, dealt with what Prof.
Frankl called the "existential vac-
uum," that is, the feeling of lack
of purpose and individuality.
This feeling of emptiness, of
purpose has in the past been looked
upon as a symptom of mental ill-
ness. Freud said that the moment
an individual questioned the pres-
ence of meaning in life, he became
"sick." Prof. Frankl said that he
could not accept this.
Characteristic
Rather than a sign of a mental
disorder, the doctor said that liv-
ing in the "vacuum" is character-
istic of humanity. He cited statis-
tics of the frequency of the search.
for meaning among his students.
In post-lecture discussions and
questions, 40 per cent of Prof.
Frankl's Viennese students admit-
ted having felt the sense of doubt
of purpose, and 81 per cent of his
American students also admitted
to the same feeling.

The need for a sense of meaning
to one's life, however, was stress-
ed. Prof. Frankl pointed out that
ideals are often the greatest caus-
es for existence. Even though ide-
ologies have been labeled by psy-
chologists as rationalizations and
defense mechanisms, people are
still willing to live and/or die for
them.
Man needs a constant tension
between the feeling of the void
and fulfillment of the emptiness,
Prof. Frankl said, adding that a
juvenile delinquent strikes out at
authority, not because he opposes
its principles, but because he feels
a need to assert himself.
A dramatic example of what a
strong sense of individual purpose
is the German author Wolfgang
Goethe. Prof. Frankl noted that
Goethe worked, in ill health, for
seven years until his masterpiece,
"Faust," was completed. He died
two years later, his great purpose
had been fulfilled.
Condition Humaine
Prof. Frankl said that the most
powerful antidote for the three
fdarsome elements in life that
make up the "condition humaine"
(pain, death, and guilt) was an
individual's ability to give his
existence meaning. A man may be
a financial and social success, but
he still may feel that his life has
been a failure. But a man who
knows, there has been some pur-
pose to his life is gratified, no
matter what his worldly position
may be, he continued.
The final point Prof. Frankl
made was that the method for ris-
ing above one's circumstances was
to take a positive attitude. Al-
though man cannot change or de-
termine his lot in life, he can ad-
just his attitudes to make the best
of it, Prof. Frankl concluded.
Jordan To Speak
On Military Aid
Col. Amos A. Jordan of the
United States Military Academy at
West Point will speak on "Prob-
lems of American Military Aid in
Asia' at 8 p.m. tonight in the
Rackham Assembly Hall.


___ t

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Kurt Weill and Bert Brecht's
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