X. FEBRUARY 19,1963

THE MICHIGAN DAILY

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Y, FEBRUARY 19, 1983 THE MICHIGAN DAILY

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Supreme
Against]

Court

Decides

Nationality

Act


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SHIP ANCHORS:
Brazil Promises Asylum
To Captors of Freighter
BELEM, Brazil (P)-The hijacked Venezuelan freighter Anzoate-
gui anchored in Brazilian waters yesterday and her pro-Castroite
captors asked for asylum in Brazil. Brazil's navy sent a corvette to
bring the fugitive ship to Belem.
The Venezuelan foes of President Romulo Betancourt who took
over the ship at gunpoint last Tuesday already have a promise of
asylum. But the foreign ministry in Caracas, the Venezuelan capital,
announced it will demand their extradition. The 3,127-ton freighter
anchored in shallow water off the Brazilian island of Maraca,
about 240 miles northwest of
'>.this port.

ROMULO BETANCOURT
... shrugs off piracy

ELECTIONS:
Birchers Win
YR Control
In California
The John Birch Society has
gained firm control over the Cal-
ifornia Young Republicans with
the election of Robert A. Gaston
as state president with full sup-
port of the Society.
Other state officers elected were
all backed by the Society, and
some California Republicans view
last week's elections as a victory
for the supporters of Senator
Barry Goldwater (R-Ariz). They
say that the victory for the So-
ciety indicates the direction the
California Republican Party may
take in the 1964 Republican presi-
dential nominations.
In an immediate reaction to
Gaston's election, the Young Re,
publicans College Federation, with
4000 of the total YR population of
13000 members, announced that
it planned to quit the organiza-
tion. Gaston subsequently remov-
ed federation president Harold
Phillips from his YR post.
President Sets
Italion Election
ROME ()-Presidential decrees
yesterday dissolved Italy's third
Republican parliament and set for
April 28-29 a general election that
will be crucial for the Western Al-
liance.
Ballot box decisions of the 30
million Italian voters are expected
to determine this nation's role in
the multilateral nuclear force pro-
posed for the North Atlantic Trea-
ty Organization,
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Embarrass Betancourt
Cne aim of the hijackers was to
embarrass Betancourt and force
cancellation of his visit to Wash-
ington. But the president shrugged
off the incident and flew to Puerto
Rico. He will fly on to Washington
today.
Betancourt declared in San
Juan, Puerto Rico, that he left
without worry for the stability of
his government because it is back-
ed by a majority of the Venezue-
lan people and the armed forces.
The freighter was tracked down
by United States navy planes af-
ter wide sweeps over the Carib-
bean and followed until she an-
chored. She was kept under United
States air and sea surveillance
while the Brazilian ship moved
out to take over.
Apparent Commander
The apparent commander of the
rebels is Wilmar Medina Rojas,
second mate of the Anzoategui. He
is a brother of a marine officer
arrested after an uprising against
Betancourt last June.
How many were with him was
not known. But it is believed a
number of pro-Communist gun-
men were slipped aboard the ship
before she sailed unladen Tuesday
for New Orleans and Houston.
Medina said he was the only
member of the crew involved in
the ship seizure. But it also was
reported that several other mem-
bers ofnthe crew had joined the
insurgents and would ask asylum
in Brazil.
After the ship reaches Belem,
the case will be turned over to
the foreign ministry, the navy
reported.
Claims U.S.
Seeks Spread
Of A-Weapons
GENEVA (AP") - Representatives
of the United States and the So-
viet Union clashed yesterday on
Moscow 's repeated accusations
that the Americans are seeking
to spread nuclear weapons to non-
atomic powers.
William C. Foster, America's
chief disarmament negotiator, told
the 17-nation disarmament con-
ference these charges are com-
pletely false. He also declared that
the Russians, by repeating the ac-
cusations are distracting the con-
ference from such important tasks
as concluding a treaty to stop nu-
clear testing. Looking directly at
the Soviet delegation, Foster de-
clared:
Against Transfer
"United States policy is firmly
against the transfer of nuclear
weapons into the national control
of states which do not possess
them."
American policies toward the
North Atlantic alliance, Foster
continued, are long standing and
are designed to retard rather than
accelerate the proliferation of nu-
clear weapons.
Soviet First Deputy Foreign Min-
ister Vasily V. Kuznetsov disput-
ed Foster's argument. He said Pres-
ident John F. Kennedy's news
conference statements on Feb. 14
showed the United States was pro-
posing to establish a multinational
nuclear force.
Polaris Submarines
In the case of Polaris submar-
ines assignedto NATO there would
Ibe crew members from non-atom-
is as well as from nuclear powers,
IKuznetsov said. He added that he
mdid not believe the sailors from
non-nuclear powers would only
scub decks and polish the an-
chor" and have nothing at all to
do with the submarines' rockets.

ARTHUR GOLDBERG
... majority decision
REVISION:
M"ay Split
Tax .Plan
WASHINGTON (A)p-President
John F. Kennedy's budget director
held forth the prospect of a level-
ing off of defense and space ex-
penditures yesterday while signs
mounted that the administration's
tax reduction-revision program
may be split.
Budget director Kermit Gordon
told congressional tax writers that
Kennedy has ordered strict spend-
ing controls and "we expect to
achieve" a balanced budget about
1967, or perhaps earlier.
Gordon said the upward spiral
of defense and space costs, which
account for more than half the
budget, shows signs of tapering uff
after another couple of years and
some reduction in foreign aid may
be possible.
He testified before the House
ways and means committee after
Sen. Hubert H. Humphrey (D-
Minn), the assistant Democratic
Senate leader, indicated that Ken-
nedy may be willing to try for
tax cuts alone this year in the
face of rising opposition to his
proposed tax law "reforms."
Several other Democratic lead-
ers have urged that the two pro-
positions be handled separately
but Humphrey was the first to say
the idea had drawn "favorable
response" from Kennedy.
Humphrey said in an inuerview
that the single-package reduction-
revision program was submi cd
by the president at the Treasury's
behest. He said there has been
a flood of mail to Congress "cri-
ticizing the tax reform proposal."

Strike Down
Two Sections
By 5-4 Vote
Contend Provisions
Eliminate Safeguards
WASHINGTON (k') -The Su-
preme Court, dividing 5-4, struck
down yesterday two acts intended
to strip American citizenship from
persons who leave this country to
avoid military service.
Justice Arthur J. Goldberg, who
spoke for the majority, said the
two sections of the nationality act
failed to provide safeguards guar-
anteed by the Bill of Rights.
Goldberg's opinion did not pass
upon the question of whether
Congress has the power to enact
similar laws provided they con-
tain- such safeguards.
Black, Douglas Concur
Justices Hugo L. Black and Wil-
liam O. Douglas, who concurred
in the majority opinion, took the
position that Congress cannot en-
act valid laws stripping away
citizenship.
Goldberg said the statutes were
essentially penal in character and
provided for taking away citizen-
hip without due process of law
and without according rights
guaranteed by the 5th and 6th
amendments. These include notice,
confrontation, compulsory process
for obtaining witnesses, trial by
jury and assistance of counsel he
added.
Chief Justice Earl Warren and
Justice William J. Brennan, along
with Goldberg, Black and Douglas,
constituted the majority.
Justices John M. Harlan, Tom
C. Clark, Potter Stewart and
Byron R. White were the dissent-
ing justices.
No Proof
Stewart said in his dissenting
opinion he could find no proof
the prime purpose of the legis-
lation was punitive.
In other decisions today, the
court:
Struck down, 8-1, what Bren-
nan called a Rhode Island
"scheme of state censorship ef-
fectuated by extra-legal sanctions."
Ruled 8-0 that the National
Labor Relations Board has no
jurisdiction over labor relations on
foreign flag ships employing alien
seamen that call on United States
ports.
Rejected an appeal by Missis-
sippi officials asking review of
action by the Justice Department
and the United States Fifth Cir-
cuit Court of Appeals in gaining
the admission of James H. Mere-
dith, a Negro, to the University
of Mississippi.

U KCancels
EEC Entry
Application
GENEVA (M)-Britain and five
of its six partners in the European
Free Trade Association decided'
last night to postpone further ef-
forts to join the rival European
Common Market.
The ministers of the so-called.
Outer Seven of Austria, Britain,
Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Swit-
zerland and Portugal met to dis-
cuss trade policy in light of the
French veto of British entry into
the Common Market.
Austria To Join
Only Austria decided to press
ahead for associate membership
in the Common Market, and it did
so with th,. approval of the other
members. Austrian Foreign Min-
ister Bruno Kreisky said his coun-
try, with its heavy trade with
West Germany, a Common Market
member, felt it must make some
arrangement with the rival trade
bloc.
The seven agreed on the neces-
sity of stepping up tariff-reduc-
tion in their British-led organiza-
tion in order to keep pace with the
Common Market.
News Conference
The decisions were announced
by Frank E. Figgures, EFTA sec-
retary-general, at a news confer-
ence after the closed meeting.
Britain's deputy foreign minis-
ter, Edward Heath, called on the
cthers to keep in mind the basic
objective of a unified European
market including both the EFTA
and Common Market countries.
Heath conducted the British nego-
tiations with the Common Market.
British sources made it clear
that Prime Minister Macmillan's
government is now in no mood to
renew its application for member-
ship in the Common Market.
Senators Ask
Move To Halt
Cuba Aid Plan


By BARBARA LAZARUS
"A Survey of Canadian Public
Opinion. toward Foreign and De-
fense Policy" was the first project
undertaken by the recently formed
Canadian Peace Research Insti-
tute, Prof. John Paul of the Uni-'
versity of Western Ontario and
Jerome Laulicht of the Institute
said yesterday.
Speaking at the Faculty Sem-
inar on Conflict Resolution, Prof.
Paul said that the survey ques-
tionnaire centered on attitudes
and opinions on policies, the level
of knowledge of defense and for-
eign policy and biographical data
on the respondents. In separate
studies the Institutessurveyed 1000
members of the general public,
150 teenagers, 180 people who
made contributions to the Insti-
tute and 48 each of business, labor
and political leaders.
The project also relates answers
to eight variables including such
things as age, occupation, military
service (combat and non-combat),
education, knowledge and ethnic
groups (French and English Cana-
dians and other groups), Paul ex-
plained.
Discussing the rough findings
of the 1000 person general sample,
Laulicht indicated that on a ques-
tion dealing with Canada's sell-
ing grain to Communist China,
some 65 per cent approved the
trade and some 25 per cent dis-
approved.
"About 68 per cent approved
Communist China's participation
in any disarmament talks, while
22 per cent disapproved. In gen-
eral, the more informed and edu-
cated people were more favorable
to Communist China's coming into
the United Nations or participat-
ing in disarmament talks," Lau-
licht said.
When asked whether there
should be an international court
whose decisions would be accepted

automatically by nations, some
77 per cent felt that it should
exist. The more informed were
more favorable to a strong court
than the less informed, he ex-
plained.
"Veterans who had seen active
service were more in favor of the
court than non-veterans. There
also a number of other questions
where veterans tended more ofter
to favor steps which would lessen
international tensions, as com-
pared to non-veterans."
In a question asking if a UN
army was a danger to national
freedom, a large majority felt it
was not. On the other hand, he
said, only one-third wanted to
increase Canada's expenditures for
the UN army.
"One-fourth of the sample be-
lieved that no disarmament treaty
should be signed with Russia as
long as it was Communistic, while
66 per cent were willing to sign
such a treaty. French Canadians
were generally less willing to sign
a treaty with Communist Russia
than English Canadians," Laulicht
explained.
K,

Group To Survey
Opinion on Policy

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WASHINGTON (P)-Investigat-
ing senators demanded yesterday
that the United States take every
possible step toward halting a
United Nations agricultural grant
to Cuba.
Shortly afterward, they were
told that the project still is sub-
ject to cancellation.
Paul G. Hoffman, an American
who manages the UN special proj-
ects fund, said a five-member
team of UN specialists will deter-
mine whether the $11.1 million proj-
ect is feasible in view of Commu-
nist methods and conditions in
Cuba.
After Hoffman's appearance
Sen. Frank Church (D-Idaho),
chairman of the Senate subcom-
mittee on International Organiza-
tion Affairs, said his group has
scheduled no further hearings on
the subject but that it will "exer-
cise continued surveillance" to see
that the State Department "re-
examines every avenue for exert-
ing opposition to this project."
The United States opposed the
project from the start, Hoffman
said, on the ground that Cuba was
in chaos and therefore a crop di-
versification program would be a
waste of money. The team will de-
cide whether the United States
view is correct.

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World News Roundup
By The Associate4Press
BERLIN--West Berlin Mayor Willy Brandt, who led his socialists
to an overwhelming victory in West Berlin's Sunday elections, last
night offered to set up another coalition government in the front-
line city.
LEOPOLDVILLE-The Congo capital's food blockade was broken
yesterday. Imposed by the Bankongo tribe, the embargo nearly

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LONDON-The new Labor Party
leader, . Harold Wilson, last night
put -his party squarely behind
further nationalization of the
means of production and distribu-
tion.
NEW YORK-On the New York
Stock Market the Dow Jones aver-
ages showed industrials up 2.89,
railroads down 0.58, utilities down
0.23, and the 65 stocks up 0.29.

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