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EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
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tb WillPrea STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241
biorials printed in The Michigan Daily ex press the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This mus t be noted in all reprints.
19, 1961
NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL OLINICK
Did the Soviets
Kill Ha minarsk jold?
[ITED NATIONS Secretary Dag Hammar-
skjold is dead.
>eculation strongly indicates that the agents
oviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev sabot-
I his plane at Leopoldville as he was taking
o negotiate a cease-fire between UN troops
the Katanga forces of President Moise
ombe. He never made it. His plane exploded
aid-air. He was murdered on the eve of the
ring of the United Nations General Assem-
-the very scene where the Russians threat-
I to get rid of him one way or another.
pparently they have succeeded in that re-
~t.
he Russians will protest their innocense loud
long. But all the same the guilt lies on the*r
-step.
ad among the very first orders of business
y 'on the banks of. the East River will be
long-standing Soviet proposal for a three-.
Secretariat for the UN-acoalition that
Id not have included Hammarskjold.
E RUSSIANS will say today that the need
for their three-man group is now apparent.
UN depended wholly and solely on' Ham-
skjold. It could not function properly with-
him. Now he is suddenly gone. The General
mbly has been crippled.,
hey will also say that, had their proposal
1 adopted ,things wouldn't be in a muddle,
if one of their three man committee was
nated, the other two could carry on. After
it will be said, (with all due respect to the
Secretary-General) the uninterrupted fu-
of the United Nations is far more import-
than his mere life.
Yes, they'll say all these things. But if any-
thing worthwhile can come from this tragedy, t
will be that the people of the world will at
last be seen in their true icolors. Will'" they
still slide up to old Khrushchev, now that he
has murdered one of his chief antagonists, who
sought only world peace? Or will they realize
what a madman he is and repudiate him at
last?
The late Secretary-General was a militant
anti-Communist. He died fighting their dirty
work. Perhaps he was doomed as he set down
at Leopoldville, for that city is teeming with
Russian agents.
BUT HOW he died matters not. Mr. Khrush-
chev had him marked for extinction before
the General Assembly opened, and so he would
have died somehow. Perhaps now the Free
world and the uncommitted states will awaken.
The Russians started with little murders: pris-
oners of war and kidnapped nobodies--all in a
sense, little people. Their loss was hardly no-
ticed. Then they stepped up to American flyers
over neutral waters. Now they've graduated to
doing away with world figures. Hammarskjold,
a pro-western Swede, but a citizen of the world,
was first.
America must take revenge on this monstrous
act. For if she does not, the butchers will be-
come bolder. If Mr. Hammarskjold could have
said it, he surely would have wanted his death
to be the last. Perhaps President Kennedy is
next, and if we do not avenge Dag Hammar-
skJold, what will we do then?
-MICHAEL HARRAH
1
Ii
"We're Not Adjourning"
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ANOTHER 'LEAGUE'?
Hammarskjold's Death
Endangers U.N.
By WILLIAM L. RYAN
Associated Press News Analyst
HERE IS solemn realization at the United Nations tonight that it
is facing a monumental crisis. Its very existence as an effective
organization for protection of the peace has been endangered by the
untimely death of Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold.
The delegates of the UN's 99 members got the shocking news on the
eve of the General Assembly's 16th regular session
Now the UN is without a chief executive officer, and the chances
ORIENTATION WEEK:
Introducing a Myth
TODAY AND TOMORROW
N yuclearTE iplomacy
By, WALTER LI PPHtANN
EVER BEFORE have chiefs of state been
in a situation like that in Germany today.
r this was the first encounter on vital issues
ween great nuclear powers, and there are
historical precedents, there is no accum-
ted experience and wisdom, to guide them.
rushchev and Kennedy possess what are
all practical purposes. equal and absolute
apons. Khrushchev and Kennedy, Macmil-
de Gaulle, and Adenauer are working un-
r conditions as different from World War II'
flying a jet is different from running a
am locomotive. None of them has been
.ght how to conduct diplomacy in a nuclear
. All of them have to guess and to impro
e, to 'experiment and to hope.
there has been a revolution in the military
nation since the previous encounter over Ber-
with Stalin in 1948. Then the United States
s thie only nuclear power in the world. But
inining' with the late 'fifties the Soviet
ion with its nuclear weapons and its rockets
s become an equal nuclear power. During
critical 'fifties Churchill and Eisenhower
med what was happening to the balance of.
ver. Then the area of summitry began. At
beginning of this era Eisenhower made the,
tement for which, it may well be, he will
remembered the longest. It was not senti-
ntality, idealism, or pacifism, but the grim
th about the hydrogen bomb which caused
sident Eisenhower to say that there is no
ger any "alternative to peace."
ODERN WEAPONS have not merely mag-
nified and multiplied the violence of war.
ey have revolutionized the nature of war by
roducing into it a new ,order of violence.
gays until now, war and the threat of war,
ether aggressive or defensive, were usable
bruments for the national purpose. They,
e usable because wars could still be won or
. In the pre-nuclear wars the victorious
ver was an organized state which could im-
e its will on the vanquished. The damage,
ugh great, was not irreparable, as we know
n the recovery after World War II of West
rnany, Japan, and the Soviet Union. But
mn a full nuclear war, which might well mean
aundred million dead, the devastation of
great urban centers, and the contamination
the earth, the water, and the air, there
ild be no such recovery.
merican nuclear power can reduce Soviet
ety to smouldering ruins and leave the
tched survivors shocked, starving, and dis-
ed. The Soviet Union can, it is coolly esti-
ted, kill between thirty and seventy million
ericans. Such a war would not be followed
reconstruction. It would be followed by a
age struggle for existence as the survivors
wled out of their shelters, and the Ameri-
i republic would be replaced by a stringent
itary dictatorship trying to keep some kind
order among the desperate survivors.
USED TO BE SAID of the British naval
commander in the First World War that if
made a mistake, he could lose the war in,
afternoon. Khrushchev and Kennedy can
that now. In a few hours Khrushchev can
th_ Snviet state antha hlem vement d nd
nuclear war would produce by far the biggest
convulsion which has ever occurred since man
appeared on this planet.
Because the destructiveness of the new arm-
aments is equal. and virtually absolute, neither
of the two chiefs of government can threaten
the other with such a war. As long as each has
kept his own\ armory of weapons in order,
neither can or need believe the nuclear threats
of the other. If, for example, Khrushchev has
resumed testing not for technical military rea-
sons but for terrorization, he will not and can-
not terrorize President Kennedy. For this test-
ing cannot remove the awful retaliatory power
of the United States nuclear weapons systems.
In cold blood no government can, no gov-
ernment will, start a nuclear war with an equal
nuclear power. Only a moral idiot would press
the button. The poor dears among us who say
that they have had enough and now let us
drop the bomb have no idea what they are.
talking about. They have not been able to
imagine and realize what a nuclear war would
be like. But the governments know quite well
what a nuclear war would be like. That is why
there is bluff at the core of any threat to ini-
tiate a nuclear exchange.'
NEVERTHELESS, though a nuclear war would
be lunacy and is unlikely, it is an ever-
present possibility. Why? Because, however ir-
rational it may be to commit suicide, a nation,
can be provoked and exasperated to a point
where its nervous system cannot endure inac-
tion, where only violence can relieve its feel-
ings.
This is one of the facts of life in the middle
of the twentieth century. It is as much a reality
as a megaton bomb, and in the nuclear age it
must be given weighty consideration in the
calculation of policy. There is a line of intoler-
able provocation beyond which the reactions
are uncontrollable. The governments must know
where that line is and they must stay well back
of it. Here lies the greatest, danger of miscal-
culation, and therefore of war.
Both sides, we had better realize, are capable
of miscalculating wtere that line is. Khrush-
chev, who has no sufficient' experience of a
state whose speech is free, is prone to think
that Kennedy can and should control an ex-
plosion of popular feeling. The fact is that,
there is a limit to President Kennedy's ability
to lead public opinion,'and he is in sight of that
limit. Mr. Khrushchev must make no mistake
about this.
For our part, we are prone to suppose that
because speech is strictly regimented in the
Soviet Union, there are no irrestible internal
pressures on Khrushchev. This can be a very
dangerous illusion.
IN' BOTH COUNTRIES there is a line which
it is not safe for the other to cross. It is the
line where compromise will be regarded as.
humiliation and surrender. This, line will have
to be made precise in the negotiations. Block-
ade of the access routes is such a line for this
country. For the Soviet Union such a line
would be the giving of nuclear artms to West
Germany. These are lines of provocation which
cannot be crossed without provoking uncon-
By ELLEN SILVERMAN
Daily Staff Writer
''HIS YEAR about 4,740 new stu-
dents entered the University.
Of these, approximately 3,300 were
freshmen and the rest were trans-
fer and foreign students. Last week
was reserved for them, for their
orientation to the University of
Michigan.
"Orientation" as defined by
Webster is an adjustment to and
ideal or principle, a determination
or sense of one's position with re-
lation to some particular thing or
person. Orientation week is aim'ed
at helping the freshman find his
position in the University-in a
communulty devoted to scholar-
ship and the intellect.
Last week's program failed to
meet this goal. It would have
served as a fine introduction. to a
summer camp or a four-year rec-
reation center, but. not to a great
university.
*' * * -
THE NEW students found them-
selves in a maze of mixers, so-
cials and coke breaks, which ad-
mittedly are fun, but taken in to-
tal give a distorted view of 1961
college life.
Upon close scrutiny of an orien-
tation schedule, two academically
oriented programs could be found
-squeezed between seven social
activities and various open houses
at student, extra-curricular of-
fices. Student-faculty contact, the
basis of University life, was almost
nonexistent.
The freshmen were told, by lead-
ers, friends, and college literature,
of the hard wark and study that
the University demands. They
heard of huge University lecture'
classes, note-taking and the high
To Err..
WHEREAS one illegitimate child
might be evidence of an honest
mistake, two. or more seem to
indicate a habit that should not
be encouraged at public expense.
--Senator Herman Talmadge
(D-Ga.)
caliber of lectures on campus. But
they were able to see the faculty
only three times, if they expended
the energy to find them.
. * . *
ORIENTATION planning failed
to make clear when and where
lectures were being held or who
was to speakand on what subject.
At first, leaders were informed
that tickets would be needed to
attend. Ultimately they were not;
no one was adequately informed.
On Thursday, student-faculty
discussions were listed on the
schedule., The time assigned was
9-11 a.m., early enough to discour-
age many. Group leaders could
'discover, only through a phone
call, that the discussions were to
be held in the Frieze Bldg.
No one was informed of the
novel use of television to allow
more students to hear one of the
lectures. No one was told that
monitors were placed in 12 rooms
on the second floor of Frieze. in-
formation from the Orientation
office, if one bothered to call, was
nebulous. They could inform one
that the lectures were in Frieze,
but they didn't know which room.
"You'll find out when you get
there," one was 'told. No signs were
at Frieze, one just hunted for the
right rooms.
THE END result was, of course,
that the most important part of
the program was lost to most
freshmen. Only about 50 had the
fortitude to walk through the rain
on a typical Ann Arbor morning
to hear Prof. George Peek, of the
political science department speak
on the American presidency and
Prof. Richard Hoffman, of he psy-
chology department speak on "The
Psychology of Being a Freshman."
On Friday the other set of stu-
dent-faculty discussions were held.
Again, neither time, place nor
speaker was listed on the sched-
ule. Leaders again had to find out
for themselves where and who, as
it seemed that the list was "left
out" of their information packets.
Students later found that some
of the best known men on campus
were speaking on their particular
specialty. Informative lectures on
"Careers in Dentistry," "Recent
Developments in College Engineer-
ing" and the "Million Dollar De-
cision," as well as comments on
"What You Shouldn't Believe at
Michigan," and "Sense and Non-
sense in Modern Art" were given
by such distinguished people as
Prof. Jesse E. Gordon, of the psy-
chology department and Prof. Vic-,
tor H. Meisel, of the fine arts de-
partment.
While attendance at Friday's
lectures .rose significantly, only
one third of the new students
made use of the opportunity, com-
pared to the overflowing Union
(3,000 students) and League dur-
ing "coke break" times. 'Perhaps
one half of the freshmen had been
mis- or uninformed on the lec-
tures or they, hopefully, would
have gone.
FALL ORIENTATION is a com-
plex administrative process. It is
essential that the University tmake
plans for freshmen which will
aid them in understanding the vast
difference, between high school
and college, and (that difference
lies in the area of study.
This fall, Orientation was a suc-
cessful program of showhig fresh-
men other freshmen of the oppo-
site sex; It was successful in filling
freshmen full of cokes, cookies and,
potato chips; it failed to help
freshmen find the correct insight"
into University academic life and
the responsibility which goes with
it.
New revamping of the Orienta-
tion program is needed. A good
start was the development be-
tween orientation grouping and
housing units and the use of tele-
vision. But student-faculty discus-
sions should be further enlarged,
student-faculty contact increased.
It is not sufficient to say, ast
some may prefer to do, that life
at the University is one half in
and one half out-side the class-
room. Life at an institution of
learning is constantly related to
learning, in one form or another,
and the freshmen should not only
have one or two chances to find
this out, but many chances, in
many areas, and at many times.
of replacing him seem slim.
4 8 *
AT BEST it will create even
more tension between East and
West, already at the boiling point
because of the imminent threat of
violence over the future of West
Berlin.
At worst, it can mean an in-
soluble deadlock between the Com-
munist and Western nations on
the future structure of the Secre-
tariat.
If the UN is to continue its role
as peace-maker in the many and
varied explosions of a turbulent
space-age world, it must have the
authority to . act in emergencies.
The attack of the Soviet Union
and the Communist world on the
UN structure has been aimed at
destroying the power of the UN to
act, and this attack has been
centered on Hammarskjold.
* * *
"THE BIG question is this: was
DagHa marsk old the last chief
executive the UN would have who
could act swiftly to quench the
flames which endanger peace
around the world?
In order to produce a successor
as Secretary-General, the Security
Council must present a nomination
to the General Assembly. There is
little chance that the West and
the Russians will be able to agree
on a single nominee, and each
side has veto power.
The Russians probably will push
once again for their "Troika" plan
-a three-nian board instead of a
Secretary-General. The board,
with built-in veto power, would in-
clude a Communist, a Westerner
and a representative of the so-
called neutral world.
Effectively, that would paralyze
the UN's ability to take action in
time of danger. The UN then
would become little more than a
debating society in the manner
of the League of Nations, which
was powerless to act in events
leading up to World War II.
Peanuts
THE Kennedy Administration is.
using the Eisenhower budget for
petty cash.
-Senator Norris Cotton
(R-NH)
DAILY OFFICIAL
BULLETIN.
The Daily official Bulletin is an
official publication of The Univer-
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no editorial
responsibility. Notices . should be
sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3519 Administration Building
before 2 p.m., two days preceding
publication.
TUESDAY; SEPTEMBER 19
General Notices
Important Notice to Students:
1. students who have lost their ID.
cards, Registration certificates and/or
Athletic Coupon should first inquire for
these items at the Lost and Found desk
located at the second floor reception
area in the Admin. Bldg.
2. If you do not recover your I.D.
card you should: report this to the of-
fice of Registration and Records. A fee
of $5 will be charged for replacement
of this card.
3. If youdo not recover your Reg-
istration Certificate you should report
this to the Student Billing Office (lo-
cated in the Admin. Bldg.). A fee of $5
will be charged for replacement of this
certificate.
4. If you do not recover your Athletic-
Couponti you may report this to the
Student Billing Office. A fee of $5 will
be charged for replacement of this
coupon. Lost coupons will be investi-
gated and students who have obtained
two coupons will be subject to dis-
ciplinary action.
5. In order to avoid long lines at the
Cashiers windows in the Admin. Bldg.
you are encouraged to MAIL your fee
payments. Your check should be made
payable to:
(Continued on Page 8)
LETTERS:
No
Sweat
To the Editor:
I REGRET to inform you that I
am somewhat amused at the
editorial page of the freshman
edition of The Michigan Daily
now in circulation.
An editorial by John Roberts,
editor, entitled "Independence
Poses Problem" states The Daily
"does not essay to be an echo of
the student voice."
Then I read Harvey Molotch,
editorial director: "The Daily's
editorial columns are accepted na-
tionally as the most authoritative
voice of the American student."
Finally, I turn to this statement
"Editorials printed in The
Michigan Daily express the opin-
ions of staff writers or the editors.,
This must be noted in all re-
prints." .,... which explains it all.
-Richard Nohl
President
Student Government Council
4h
'Quaddies' ?.
To the Editor:
W HILE glancing through the
July 28 issue of the Michigan
Fraternities Report which is avail-
able outside the IFC offices in the
Student Activities B u II d i n g, I
noted a picture which was titled,
"Traditional U of M events receive
much participation by Michigan's '
fraternities. Highlighted by Home-
coming each Fall, where huge dis-
plays emerge on fraternity front
yards ...
I noted with extreme interest
and curiosity, however, that the
"huge display~" pictured was the
one which appeared on the lawn
not of a fraternity, but of South
Quadrangle ... Just where Gom-
berg House had built it!
Thomas Moch, President
Inter-Quadrangle Council
Ex Officio ...
To the Editor:
[T HAS BEVN constantly stressed
during the last week that SOC
is the agency by which the stu-
dents govern themselves, and have
a voice in campus affairs. It is al-
so known that there are seven ex
officio members of SGC, namely
the presidents of the Assembly As-
sociation, IFC, the Michigan Un-
ion, Panhellenic Association, Wo-
men's League, IQC, and the Daily.
It seems amazing that these two
statements are not judged contra-
dictory by the larger part of this
campus. The SGC is supposed to
represent the students of this cam-
pus, not its most powerful organi-
zations. For example, there is no
valid reason why the president of
IFC should be on SGC .as an ex
officio member. Why is there tac-
itly acknowledged to be a frater-
nit, rather than a student, view-
point? If the fraternities com-
mand as much power and influ-
ence as is alleged, they should be
capable of electing a large num-
ber of representatives to SGO in
completely open elections.
In addition, there is no reason
why ex officios should be chosen
by organization A, and not B.
Why is there a representative
from the quadrangles, and not
the co-ops?
If SGC really wants to be repre-
sentative ' of the student body,
steps should be taken immediately
to eliminate the seating of ex of-
ficios.
-Howard Saita, '64
- -
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