Seventy =Second Year EDTED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVBRSrTY OF MICHIGAN - UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Opinions Are Free STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. " ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 h Will Prevail" orials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. STILLED SMALL VOICE: The Aftermath of Goa AY, JANUARY 6, 1962' NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL OLINICK The Eiehmann Decision: A Crime Against the Jews By JAMES NICHOLS Daily Staff Writer IN 1955, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru said "The fact that a war is a little war does not make it less of a war.", Later, when members of the Indian parliament urged him to break off talks with Red China, he said "Negotiate, negotiate, nego- tiate to the bitter end." But last month, his patience with negotiation became exhaust- ed, and he, not too reluctantly, employed a land, sea, and air in- vasion force to drive the Portu- guese from three tiny enclaves on. the Indian coast. His action was hailed by Pravda, and lauded in organs of the Chi- nese Communist Party. A UN resolution demanding India's with- drawal fell beneath the Soviet Union's 99th veto. The one-sided, "elephant and mosquito" conflict was "deeply regretted" by the United, States and "deplored" by England, who reneged on a 600- year-old treaty by not aiding Por- tugal. * * * THE MORAL QUESTION, if there is one, makes very little dif- ference to anyone involved. India had no more right to invade Goa, Damao and Diu than the Por- tuguese had to be there in the first place. But the results of Nehru's invasion of the 451-year- old colonies will make a great deal of difference to the world. The United States once found itself in a very uncomfortable po- sition. By urging passage of the UN restraining order on behalf of our NATO ally, Portugal (who only hours later was condemned by the international body for its colonial. policies), we gave more weight to the Red-inspired image of the U S. as "imperialist." By vetoing the resolution, Russia emerged once more in the eyes of the Asian and African nations as the true friend of the anti-colonial underdogs. In the emerging ex-colonies )OLPH EICHMANN has been declared guilty. If his appeal fails, as it almost ainly will, he will die at the hands of the ple he sought to exterminate. But if he is cuted, Adolph Eichmann will have the last mph. The end of his life will signal a gic degradation of Jewish people everywhere specially of those who died in the prison ips of World War II. Most ironically, the hors of this final "crime against the Jewish ple" will be none other than the Jewish ple themselves. he whole concept of a trial was painfully ird from the beginning, because such a 1 necessarily assumes that the crime in- red can be appropriately punished. The 's martyred under Hitler gained a kind of pity in that mass murder was a crime so rible as to be completely beyond human son. Now the Israelis have robbed them of, t dignity by seeking to contain the crimes Adolph Eichmann within legal definition. IE FINAL STATEMENT of Eichmann's sentence is brutally eloquent in revealing extent of another harm the Jewish people e done to themselves in this trial. One of charges of which. Eichmann was convicted crimes against the Jewish people." A second, . entirely separate charge is "crimes against nanity." This exclusion of the Jewish people m "humanity" has been made before. One hose who would agree with it most heartily dd be Adolph Hitler. Revenge is, at best, a dubious excuse for capital punishment. But even if it is granted to be valid for the purposes of discussion, only another degradation of Jewish suffering be- comes clear. That the life of one man should be taken in revenge for the lives of six million is as humiliating to every one of those six million as anything suffered at Buchenwald. The Israeli judges cannot say at one moment that Eichmann's death is meaningless com- pared to the enormity of his crime and then execute him in the next moment without ob- vious contradiction. If Eichmann dies, it will be to "pay for" his crimes. The assumption that such crimes can be paid for is truly horrible. He will suffer the identical penalty that is given for the murder of one human being- as if every Jew murdered by Hitler were only one six-millionth a human being. IF THE EICHMANN TRIAL was intended to revive the memory of the grisly persecution of the Jews, then the conclusion of that trial necessarily leaves the impression that the crime itself is now expiated and may be for- gotten. Whenthe morning papers bring the news that Eichmann is dead, the world will sit down to breakfast and mutter, "Well, that's the end of that." And the latest crime against the Jewish people will have been committed by the Israeli executioners. -MARTHA MacNEAL SIDELINE ON SGC: x Council Distrusts Its Own Constituents i V .Nehru'sClay Feet r )NCE UPON A TIME there was "a little, bronze-skinned old pnan who wore a small hite cap, ar immaculate long white coat and e smug smile of one who knows he's the living zbodiment of a principle most everybody, mires. But, alas,'he didn't live happily ever after. still wears the small, white cap, but his ig white coat is a little soiled and that die looks more like a hypocrite's sneer. 'he man's name -is Jawaharlal Nehru and s principle is "non-violent 'action." If the vocates of non-violent agitation ever had a Memorial PAUL BUTLER'S untimely death last week left many heavy hearts among both close associates and those who knew him only as a man dedicated to a strong belief in equality before the law. Mr. Butler, the Democratic! National Chair- man from December 1954 to June 1960, made his post as leader of the Democratic party an active one. He faced opposition not only from Republi- cans but from within party ranks as well. His unequivocal resistance to making con- cessions in any form to the Southern Demo- crats' demands for weaker civil rights planks earned him many enemies. The most fre- quently used argument against his position was that he was endangering the unity of the party and purely for tactical reasons should relent somewhat in the battle with the Dixie- :rats. His replies to these charges were always o the effect that it was' far more important o advance civil rights legislation than the good will of the Southern Democrats. ON OCCASION he also tackled Sam Rayburn, Lyndon. Johnson and Carmen De Sapio. After Sherman Adams' resignation speech in 1958, in which he tried to imply that he had been placed in his awkward position primarily as a result of 'Democrats with a politicalaxe o grind. Butler 'clarified the situation by pointing out that it was the Republicans, fear- rng repercussions at the polls, from whom the pressure had come, forcing the affair to a head. It is tragic that death tshould take a man with so much to offer American politics. It is loubly tragic that death -should come at the age.of only 56. Few men have stood as strongly >y their convictions as Butler and yet re- nained a gentleman throughout. He should be mourned by friends and nemies, not as a Democrat, but as a forth- ight, and honest man. --JEAN TENANDER god, Nehru was it. But, like all gods, he proved to have feet of clay. Ever'since Nehru took over as prime minis- ter of the newly-independent India in 1947, he had been in the enviable position of prac- ticing non-violence as well as theorizing about it. But after his invasion last month of Goa and, two other tiny Portuguese enclaves, he's nobody's ideal anymore. 7ET HINDSIGHT shows that Nehru's action really wasn't so surprising. The world should have expected something like what he did after his behavior during the past year. When the Soviet Union blasted the mora- torium on nuclear testing wide open with a; series of devastating explosions, Nehru-Mr. Non-Violence--reacted with no more than a mild reproach. When the Soviet Union tried to criple the United Nations-the world's chief hope for global peace-with a "troika" plan, the Indian delegation immediately proposed a similar plan calling for three alternating sec- retaries general. Nehru thus had made it clear that the world was not to take his doctrine of non-violence too seriously-at least not in all cases. IN THE CASE OF GOA, in fact, there are two ways of looking at India's action: 1) Liberation. This is Nehru's excuse. After all, Goa and the other enclaves represented: Portuguese imperialism; they were clearly within Indian territory; and they were peopled largely by Indians. 2) Aggression. This appears to be the world's verdict. Goa did nothing to provoke India's rattack; the Goans never publicly expressed their desire to be under Indian rule; and the merger with India was bound to lower the living standard of wealthy Goa. REGARDLESS of which way India's invasion is interpreted, Nehru's resort to violence smears his image.But, in a way, he can't be blamed for doing what, he did. There's some- thing wrong with the whole concept of non- As "non-violent action" is now understood and practiced, it's not really ."action" at all. Force is action; the use of governmental channels is action. But non-violent action isn't. It's reaction in the form of agitation against existing conditions, with the hope that changes will follow in a round-about manner. A failing of non-violent tactics-demonstra- tions, protest marches, sit-ins--is that their lack of genuine action often gives them a negative approach. This approach makes it exceedingly difficult for such tactics to pro- duce positive results. Another falling of non-violent agitation is that, because it is only a round-about attempt, at action, it is painfully slow-acting. Thus after a while, non-violence is usually either aban- doned in dismay or else displaced by violence.. Nehru knows-he tried it for 14 years. By CYNTHIA NEU Daily Staff Writer MMEDEFEAT of the rationale and "Student Bill of Rights" in the'Glick-Roberts motion shows Student Government Council does not want student government. Those voting against the motion did not do so on the basis that self-government is morally or phil- osophically wrong. During debate and discussion most members of the Council'confirmed the motion -in theory. But some opponents believed students already have an adequate voice in governing themselves while others thought students were not ready for increased authority, or capable of handling it. WHAT THESE MEMBERS fail to realize is that students are not now and never have been really self-ruling. The women in particu- lar have limited choice of where they will live, how or with whom. Even for men, approval from the dean of men is supposedly needed before they may move into apart- ments, providing at least a pos- sible control, if not a practiced one. The dean of men and dean of women, along with the Office of Student Afairs, exercise arbitrary controls in a multitude of areas. The Council failed to distinguish between a student's private and public life. They failed to recog- nize the controls exacted by the administration in areas of per- sonal decisions. * * * OPPONENTS of the motion who did recognize existing controls did a more frightening thing. They ac- cepted the situation as' it now stands under the argument that the change to rightfully deserved self-government should be made "gradually"-at the speed the ad- ministration sees fit--and should not be initiated by the students. Some of the members of the Council lack faith in the students' ability to govern themselves. Stu- dents have never had the chance to really govern their own affairs, and yet these members assume they could not-or at least not right now. * * * FURTHER, the action is an- other stage in a Council trend to avoid putting moral convictions into practice. In the Sigma Kappa case, the Council made a decision and firm- ly attempted to carry it out in spite of opposition from University authorities. Recently the Council again took a stand against discrimination in sorority and fraternity constitu- tions, but hamstrung the mechan- ism for implementing it by re- fusing to vote a deadline for com- plete statements. * * * AT THE LAST meeting, the majority of the Council'refused to do more than give lip service to their ideals, perhaps because they feared they might feel morally compelled to pass the remainder of the motion, including requests for specific changes requiring SGC to assume more responsibilities and take additional action. An effective student body must be willing to take a stand and back up their convictions with action. Only six of the Council members were willing to do this last week. The student body had been silent regarding the issue. If they trust themselves over an author- itarian government and believe in democratic process they should take it known. Hopefully they wil complain loudly, and reme. the situation at the next SGC election. survivors ANTHROPOLOGIST Margaret Mead advocates that newly married couples be required to spend two weeks of their first six months in a fallout shelter, so that if a nuclear war came, the newlyweds could propogate and thus keep alive American culture. * * * This is clearly a fine idea, since much of our nation's defense work is already being done under cover. -G. Storch whose support and friendship we try so hard to gain in other ways, the world "colonialism" inspires esentially the same reaction ss "Communist" does at a John Birch Society meeting. There is no moral question in the opinion of the Afro-Asian bloc. They feel that colonial powers can do no right, and that no wrong can be done against them. ANOTHER SIDELIGHT of the lightning campaign was the re- fusal by Egypt's Nasser to allow a Portuguese warship to use the Suez Canal during the brief blitz. Nasser thus violated a pledge he made in 1956, following landings by troops of Britain and France, that he would refuse no ship per- mision to use the canal while Egypt itself was not at war. It is very likely that the re- fusal was prearranged in an earlier meeting between Nasser and Nehru. He has, by this action, re- minded the world again of the immense importance of the pas- sage between the Indian ocean' and the Mediterranean, and the decisive power wielded by the nation which controls it. President Nasser has demon- strated to all the nations who plan to participate in the next war that either his friendship must be in- sured or his downfall as master of Suez must be effected. RUSSIA'S SUCCESS in block- ing UN action on this important issue has caused some sentiment in the United States against te organization, at a time when the lunatic fringes of left and right' are campaigning for its destruce tion and President Kennedy is girding for a fight with Congress over.his desire to purchase $100 million in bonds to save the UN from an ignominious end. Portuguese dictator Salazar, fur- ious over the failure of western powers to rush him aid, has prom- ised to leave the United Nations soon. Though he has not yet mentioned it, there is a real dan- ger that the agreement perm- ting the United States to maintain air bases in the Azores might not be renewed when it expires this year. THE MOST IMPORTANT short- range effect of India's unilateral anti-colonial success may prove to be the encouragement it has given Indonesian President Sukar- no inrnhs efforts to accomplish a similar end against the Dutch in West New Guinea. The odor of burnt powder still lingered in the air of Goa when Sukarno called on his nation to be ready "at any moment" for the "liberation" of this long-sought Netherlands col- ony. Aggression-the accomplishment of national ains by force of arms -is never justified, and its em- ployment is always a disappoint- ment to those who want to feel that man is becoming the civilized animal he ought to be. But it is the ultimate in disillusionment to learn that it is Jawaharlal Nehru, disciple of Ghandi and often the "voice of sanity in a world gone mad," who has proceeded, without rational justification, to inspire an unprovoked assault against a practically defenseless enemy. * * * WITH HAMMARSKJOLD dead, Lord Russell lost in a-cloud of im- practical idealism, and Nehru a clearly demonstrated hypocrite the "still, small voices" of en- couragement and hope are smaller and stiller with each new year. AT THE CAMPUS: 'Purple Noon' Produces Desire, Terror, Nausea "pIURPLE NOON" provides a dose of the "new realism" that produces in the patient rhythmic movements of desire and revulsion, of ter- ror and nausea, The three people in this film are beautiful and the Italian places in which they move are perhaps the most beautiful In the world The face of the principal, Tom, even gives the impression of innocence. HOWEVER, all these things are not experienced simply. The vision is compounded by an underlying decay and diabolical coldness. A ter- rifying reality of destruction and absence of feeling breaks into the world created by the objects of wealth and by the sensual sun-bathed people that move among them. Because human emotions are either hidden in order to deceive or plainly non-existent, the most powerful language of the film is In visual terms. The camera's eye looks at arms, legs, and faces in such a way as to give them the character of pure objects, They appear to be moved not by any inner intelligence, but mechanically set in motion like puppets. Looking from a murdered man to a dressed chicken soon to be eaten, to children playing in the cout- yard below, the camera seeks out similies and grotesqueries. With this technique, the film's photography works together with the action (where laughter is the prelude to violent attack) to achieve a calculated , effect. FOR THE OBSERVER the experience of "Purple Noon" is hardly entertaining. It is like watching those things that produce In ambiva lence both fear and fascination. One cannot help looking without a strong exercise of will. . .--Peter Mallory AT THE MICHIGAN: 'Twist'Wiggles In T E MAJESTIC, stirring hymn to America's newest puberty rite, allysLe'sTwist," opened yesterday. Billed as "The One, The Only, The Authentic, The Great Movie about THE SENSATION," this 100-minute notechnicolor cinemato- graphic gem has it virtues: it closes soon. Banned in Memphis, Lebanon, and my old high school, the Twist is deified and exploited in the Paramount film. The dance itself is featured 13 different times and is interrupted only occasionally by "plot." Dominick, the kindly old widower who runs a quiet restaurant, sacrifices personal conveniences to send his two sons to a prestige Ivy League school. The boys forsake the professions when they come home for Christmas vacation, cause the old man to have a nervous breakdown, and turn his "Neopolitan Gardens" ("Father's Shrine") into the Peppermint Lounge, "The Temple of the Twist." Father forgives all when he sees the money rolling in, even consents to a change in family name from Deanato to Dee ("Everyone in show business changes his name," wails son Ricky). * * * * MIXED IN, of course, is the love stuff. Fashionable newspaper columnist Sally Cassidy brings Ricky fame, fortune and more intimate frivolities, then casts him off for a crew-cut sailor. Younger brother Joey Dee gets Piper Paton, tight dressed twister, after her attempt at Ricky fails. But, nobody comes for the story: the Twist is the main attractIon, and a ticket buys plenty of that action. The viewer is constantly exhorted by the camera lens to follow the bouncing buttocks as those fresh young things shake and wiggle from West 45th street to high society balls. Whatever the Twist may be, it sure provides lots of chances for the cameraman to concentrate his lens on those portions of the anatomy. "The twist is as important to the kids who dance it as Beethoven's music was in his time or Gershwin in his," Ricky tells a snuggly Piper in the movie's profoundest scene. 'Hey, Let's Twist" is a hasty and unfortunate attempt to make money on an even more unfortunate craze. Chubby Checker isn't even in it. Don't go to see it if you have to pay. -Michael Olinick LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Textbook Contolo Threa tens Fireedomr "Come On -- You Want To Become Extinct" t A- J~ v '4C1/- To the Editor: YESTERDAY Gail Evans editor- ially generalized her views in your paper concerning "Professors and Textbooks." Paragraph after paragraph, she failed to make a clear distinction between teaching materials and teaching methods, particularly when she stated: "But, when the instructor has written the text, the student runs the risk of becoming the victim of an incomplete and biased-'rsn tation of the subject matter." DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN The Daily Official Bulletin Is an official publication of The Univer- sity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3564 Administration Building before 2 p.m., two days preceding publication. SATURDAY, JANUARY 6 General Notices student Activities must be calendared so as to take place before the seventh day prior to tlfe beginning of a final examination period. (Student Govern- ment Council, Oct. 14, 1959). The Martha Cook Building will have a few vacancies for the second semes- ter, February 1962. Those interested and not under contract in present housing may apply to the director. For appointment, please call NO 2-3225. Events Sunday Faculty Recital: Robert Noehren, or- ganist, will present a recital on Sun., Jan. 7, 8:30 p.m. in Hill Auditorium. In addition to one of his own compo- sitions, he will perform the works of Miss Evans proposed that pro- fessors using their own text could be asked for a formal justification without limiting academic free- dom. But academic freedom will surely be threatened. A professor must be free in his academic career. He, is not free, however, to mislead the instructed. I TRULY ENJOYED many other points as expressed by Miss Evans, but I could not agree favorably with her solutions. For a better solution, I think, Miss Evans may need to modify her opening ;questions somewhat. Instead of asking "Why -does the French department use Chair- man Robert L. Pulitzer's text- books?" Miss Evans might like to ask: "What contributions are being made by Politzer's textbooks in the study of French?%How are they being used? What are some other materials in addition to the texts which are needed?" -Saritdidet Sombatpanit Socialism. To the Editor: IN MY OPINION, someday in the future a thankful people, in spite of lies spread about Social- ism, will recognize the correct position of the Socialist Labor Party re the crazy mess that the world is in and rally around the Socialist Labor Party solution of building a new decent Socialist America. Then all of us will be able to live nnan1e alniov life.inseadA Drastic Cut Editorial Staff JOHN ROBERTS, Editor LIP SHERMAN N FAITHS City Editor Editori / g .'~.~-~ i""r WEINSTEIN al Director; UST HOW MUCH smaller is the "much V sma11er" White Hne stiff that .Tohn F A