Seventy-Second Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. 0 ANN ARBOR, MICH. 0 Phone NO 2-3241 here Opinions Are Fi Truth WillPrevail" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. AY, JANUARY 4, 1962 NIGHT EDITOR: CAROLINE DOW Michigan Super-Board: The Education. Business NEW FEATURE-With this morning's paper, The Daily adds to its editorial page the services of Bill Mauldin, well-known cartoonist of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Mauldin's cartoons will not replace those of Daily regulars Herbert Block (Herblock) and Paul Conrad, but will allow us to select from what we consider to be the nation's three best editorial cartoonists. * il; ,i s - l T 19 -x 'rw. NEED>UK PA'TRONAG \1 "INSTITUTIONAL I'RIDE!" Vice-President and Dean of Faculties Marvin Niehuss calls it. "Provincialism!" retorts AFL-CIO President August Scholle. Both are referring to the opposition by higher education to a co-ordinating council for the administrative and financial problems of the state's colleges and universities; both have valid objections... Scholle has proposed that the constitutional convention establish a council to co-ordinate' the financial affairs of all the state univer- sities. This governor-appointed body would present the monetary requests of all the institutions to the Legislature in one neat package. There is no question that such a body would be of some advantage to the state as a whole. It would eliminate the damaging public battles the institutions stage yearly for the largest chunk of the educational appropriation. It would 'eliminate needless duplication of cur- ricula and expenses. With a little luck it should even make the universities indistinguishable from one another. ESSENTIALLY what such a council would do is center the power over all the univer- sities, in the hands of a few men. It would turn Michigan's state-supported colleges into a vast, faceless complex, somewhat akin to the gar- gantuan and sprawling University of Cali- fornia, without the high-powered organiza- tion of that bureaucracy. The controversy boils down to the age-old question: Which is more important, efficiency and economy or preservation of individual quality and uniqueness, even if it costs more. When the problem is education, the choice must be for individual quality. THE SUPER-BOARD raises more problems than it solves. A single body would be quite subject to HEADACHES, JOY: The Quarter System: Penn State's Turkey, political pressures both from the statehouse and the Legislature. The needs of each school would be at the mercy of the board's con- ception of the needs of the rest of the schools. No individual board member could ever know as much about the needs of each institution as well as the currentrepresentatives of each college do. Decisions would have to be made on necessarily inadequate consideration. of a great volume of information. Such decisions would be likely to be arbitrary and quite possibly unfair on occasion. Worse yet, with a small controlling super-board, power could evolve into one man's hands. The head of the board could wind up in nearly complete command of the entire state system as Clark Kerr has in California. CENTRALIZATION for efficiency and econ- omy is essentially a practice of business. But education is not a business. And turning the University into a diploma mill is no solu- tion to its fiscal problems. Under a super-board the University would become just the Ann Arbor branch of a mam- moth organiztion. All its claims to an in- dividual character and much of the appeal that such individuality creates would be sub- merged into the impersonality of the State School. Even if the University came out on top in the state complex; even if all the other schools in the state were robbed to make the University the state's single "great" institu- tion, it wouldn't be worth the academic con- sequences. The riches of California have been poured into the Berkeley campus, leaving the others as relatively poor relations. California perhaps can afford to get away with it: Michigan cannot. SCHOLLE SUGGESTS that the co-ordinat- ing board could elimate "needless duplica- tion" by reshuffling faculties, facilities and even entire academic programs. It is interest- ing to speculate upon the University Law School's potential reaction to having its 20 best faculty members shifted bodily to Wayne, because that's where the Law School's going to be. But one of the worst possible after-effects of the creation of a statewide behemoth would be the regimental treatment of the students. Students who now feel that their still small voice goes too often unheard would be even more overwhelmed as the smallest cogs driv- ing an even bigger machine. The graduate students who return from Cal with complaints about the university's ap- parent ignoratice of the existence of the stu- dent population would not be eager to see a similar system established here. WHAT ARE the alternatives? Probably the best one is increased volun- tary cooperation between the various schools, such as that recently proposed by the Asso- ciation of Governing Boards and the State Council of College Presidents. Forced or re- quired alliances are likely to be resented and shunned. Such a mandatory situation exists in Texas and a number of the participants are complaining that their particular interests are being ignored. On the other hand, the states having volun- tary alliances, such as Indiana, Florida and Colorado, all report that such cooperation is satisfactory. Institutional pride and individual excellence can only be retained if each school cooperates voluntarily, coming to a compromise without being forced to sacrifice. -FAITH WEINSTEIN Editorial Director --MICHAEL HARRAH COE 011 1A -d T BST PEOPLE REGETfWG Of y TODAY AND TOMORROW: Kennedy's 'Big' Budget' By RICHARD OSTLING Associate Editorial Director PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNI- versity has joined the stampede of colleges changing their calen- dars, a pack which the University will soon be joining. . Until this September, Penn State ran on a two-semester system much like the one we are using now. A sudden shift to a quarter system has caused student com- plaint, and many other troubles which inevitably go along with a radical alteration of college life. The new calendar has four 10- week terms with no vacations. The only breaks come between terms. ** * STUDENTS THINK it's a real grind. They feel more pressure, and have to get through the same course matter in five less weeks. (However, fewer courses are taken at one time.) Final exams and term papers are closer to the start of the course. 'You just can't coast without flunking," summarized one stu- dent. As expected, students chafed under the plan, 'especially when. Thanksgiving time rolled around and they found they had only a one-day vacation. The Daily Collegian was flooded with letters, and riot rumors were in the air. RIOTS are rare at Penn State, since residence halls counsellors take photographs during the fes- tivities and those who are caught in the Line-up at the dean of men's office the next day are awarded a trip home, minus thee fare. But things were so bad this time the president made a public state- ment that if there was any dem- onstration at the Penn State- Syracuse game the weekend before the holiday (which was on nation- al TV) a number of students would not be in class Monday. At the game, the marching band did a salute to the quarter system in a remarkable display of tact which garnered a shower of boos. Chants of "We Want Tur- key" floated through the Novem- ber air, along with a new version of the alma mater with. appro- priate words. Signs shown to the national audience screamed "Home For Turkey" and other slogans too colorful to mention. SUPPORTERS of the one-day break pointed out a long vacation would defeat the purpose of hav- ing 10 concentrated weeks of worK, and that the semester would be all over in another week and a half. More cynical observers wondered why students had a sudden in- terest in traditions like Thanks- giving which they normally don't care about at all. Tempers quieted down when the four-week Christmas recess rolled around. For one thing, the term was over, and no courses hung over the students' heads as they went home for the holidays.- RATHER THAN HAVING a special exam period, all finals were given in regular class time. They tended to be final bluebooks rather than comprehensive finals. Classes were longer under te quarter system, mushroomipg from 50 to 75 minutes. Professors who had used the same set of notes for years had to revise their whole course plan and it didn't always work smoothly. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of The Univer- sity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsibility. 'Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3564 Administration Building before 2 p.m., two days preceding publication. THURSDAY, JANUARY 4 (Continued on Page 5) Early in the term, some teachers had great difficulty stretching their material over the ful period. They lost their voices and students lost interest. Later, they found themselves behind and moved at breakneck speed for the rest of the course. UPPERCLASSMEN, used to planning their work on a 16 week basis, found adjustment difficult, although their grades seemed to end up about the same. Freshmen who expected a new look when they entered college had less trouble adjusting. The Student Health Center re- ported that mental breakdowns came one month earlier than usual this year, but added the comfort- ing news that the number of cases was probably no greater. But the University Park mer- chants are pretty happy. They now sell'books four times a year, instead of two big sales and a small one at the start of summer session. (Penn State, like the Uni- versity, is trying to increase sum- mer attendance with its new schedule.) More books will be sold each year, and students will be buying around the year when the new plan takes hold. * * * SINCE STUDENTS were not consulted about the shift and were not prepared for the new calen- dar, campus feeling was that what the merchants wanted was much more important than what the students wanted. Another happy group was the maintainence crew - janitors, maids, groundskeepers and the like. Now they will have year- 'round work and get better pay. Both improvements mean the col- lege will be able to hire better workers. * * * AFTER WATCHING the quarter system in operation, one student mailed the following suggestion to The Daily Collegian: Penn State should have five 10- week terms. One and a half weeks would be allowed for registration and travel. This leaves 4 days, for Christmas, Thanksgiving, the Fourth of July, and New Year's. Every Leap Year, students could celebrate Labor Day on February 29th. * * * BEFORE THIS YEAR students coud get through college in three years if 'they were smart, and lucky in their choice of courses. Now, course offerings are geared to full-year attendance. The college is selling the plan to students, pointing out they will be further ahead financially by borrowing and staying in school over the summer. University loans have been established to help stu- dents. Tuition can be paid in m'onthly installments br over a 10-year period. With the end of mass registra- tion, the schedule has been tight- ened considerably. As you make payments and hand in a course card for the present term, you also submit a proposed sched- ule for the 'following term. Pre- registration is pretty popular with students. CHANCES ARE that the Penn State summer session will have nearly full enrollment within a few years, with increasing pres- sure to either get through college' quicker to start on graduatework' or get rid of military obligations. When this comes, it means more efficient use of equipment, build- ings and staff fox Penn State, and more economical education of Pennsylvania's students. It can easily mean the same thing here if the Mihigan Legis- lature wants to pay to put the University on a full-year basis. It is significant that the Uni- versity's proposed trimester plan will be geared to. avoid many of the problems of the Penn State- type quarter system. And gradual change and preparation should mean a lot less grumbling when the time rolls around. New Era THE HAPPY CHRISTMAS SEASON, tradi- tional period of prominence for the starry- eyed idealists of the Christian world, is in- variably a time of disappointment and dis- illusionment, for some. At this time each year, a number of trusting little children realize that kindly old Santa Claus is not the wonderful person their child- ish dreams have pictured him to be. There- after, the kiddies are left with a little less hope, and many become confirmed cynics. BUT THIS YEAR, the whole world was treated to a large dose of this type of rude awakening. Indian Pime Minister Ja- waharlal ("we shall not swerve from the paths of peace") Nehru has joined the growing club of aggressor nations by restorting to the time- honored method of solving political problems. The siezure by the patron saint of pacifists of 1,537 square rmiles of territory by force of arms has been a cruel blow to those who de- spise using military means to accomplish political ends. It would be a bloody execution of poetic justice if the Red Chinese were to suddenly descend upon lily-white India, using the same feeble "justification" that Nehru found suf- ficient. Meanwhile, the continued urgings of the Prime Minister for the world to rely on "the forces of peace" will find his formerly spell- bound disciples a little less reverently at- tentive. -J. NICHOLS By WALTER LIPPMANN BEFORE the end of the month the President will present to Congress his budget for the fiscal year which begins on the first of July. This Kennedy budget will be balanced, it is reported, at a level between $92 and $93 billion. A budget of this kind, which looks forward over a period of a year and a half, is at best an edu- cated guess. Nobody, for example, can be certain now that an inter- national crisis will not require emergency expenditures which are not now planned. Nobody, more- over, can be certain that the American economy will carry on at the reasonably good level which economists today anticipate. This budget is really the first Kennedy budget. The one we are living under at present is in fact the last Eisenhower budget, en- larged by additional military expenditures and some welfare spending. The proposed budget will be bigger by at least $3 billion than the actual expenditures in the present fiscal year. It will be larger by more than $10 billion than the last Eisenhower budget as originally presented to Con- gress. Nevertheless, the tentative bud- get is expected to be in balance. That will be achieved because of the business recovery which will produce bigger tax revenues out of larger personal and corporate in- comes. Prof. Samuelson thinks that corporate profits in 1962 will be larger by 20 per cent than in 1961. * * * AS WE LOOK forward to the annual mid-winter debate on gov- ernment spending, it is useful if we look at the figures in perspec- tive. To do this we must look not only at Federal spending, but at all government spending. The best present estimate is that the total expenditure by Federal, state, and local governments will be about $150 billion in the coming year. This is a huge sum. It will be about 27 per cent of a predicted gross national product of $568 billion. This large sum must be compared with the growth of our population and the growth of our economy. It must be seen in the light of our responsibilities in the world. It is a bearable burden. Of the money spent by all government for goods and services, roughly one-half goes for national security. Except for the spectacular rise in the spending for national security, there has been no radical increase in the burden of government spending during the past twenty years. In 1939 government spending (minus defense) amounted to 13.4 per cent of the gross national pro- duct. In 1960 it was 12.3 per cent. It is interesting to note that in 1929, before the New Deal and the Second World War, govern- ment spending (minus defense) was 7.5 per cent of the gross na- tional product. The reason why the share of the gross national product spent by all government on non-defense items has not increased is that the total gross national product has in- creased so spectacularly. The coun- try is spending more than it used to, but it has much more money to spend. IT IS OFTEN SAID that these large government purchases of goods and services are "creeping socialism." The facts do not, I believe, support this charge. For the goods which are purchased are not being produced, as they would be under socialism, by gov- ernment-owned and operated in- dustries. They are being purchased from private firms operated for private profit. In 1960 some 53 per cent of all government purchases were of goods and services pro- duced. by private firms. The other 47 per cent went to wages and salaries for government employees. The proportion of government funds was somewhat lower thirty years ago. In 1929, government purchases from private firms ac- counted for only 39 per cent of. government purchases. Thus there has been no decline in the role of private enterprise in government spending. It is evident that creep- ing socialism has not crept very far. WHAT HAS CREPT along dur- ing the twentieth century has been our rapidly growing population which has been moving away from the farms and villages into big ci- ties. People collected in big cities need more public expenditure than do people who live in the open country. This simple and obvious truth is often forgotten by the orators. But the people living in the urban cen- ters are continually aware of the truth. They cannot get along in the cities, as could their grand- fathers in the country, with pri- vate wells, private cesspools, un- paved streets, no police force, a volunteer fire department, pri- vate transportation. They must have the facilities and the ameni-. ties that are essential once they have moved from the country into the city. The so-called socialism which is supposed to be creeping upon us is in fact nothing more than the work of making life safe and de- .cent for a mass society collected in great cities.Through the Federal, state, and local governments we spend on these civilian necessities --no doubt with some waste and shenanigans--less than a sixth of all the wealth we produce. We spend an equal amount on the task of containing the Soviet Union and Red China and the Communist movement from ex- panding any further. The sums are large. We are, in a word, pay- ing the price of having become a modern great power. (c) 1962, New York Herald Tribune; Inc. am ej 7 Ma, IVzj1 -4 rroieso's ani 1 t'Xi~oOK WVY DOES the French department use Chairman Robert L. Politizer's textbooks? What is the reason that Sociology 101 em- ploys a department written book? How -is it that Prof. John S. Brubacher uses a text he edited in his philosophy of education class? The logical answer is that these are either the best or only texts available and that the departments allow the professors a free rein in textbook selection for advanced courses. If the instructor has written a text, it is only natural that he will want to use it- a 'book he enjoys and is thoroughly familiar with. Also, when the text is designed for the specific course, the common conflict. between book and course structure is eliminated. BUT, when the instructor has written the text, the student runs the risk of becoming the victim of an incomplete and biased pres- entation of the subject matter. This is espe- cially a danger in history or political science courses in which subjectivity and interpreta- tions are important. Also, nothing can put a class to sleep faster than a lecture taken straight from the book. back on blue books. Professors claim to de- plore this situation, but continue to make it possible when they teach their own texts. Another drawback when an instructor uses his own text is the question of whether it is really the best text available or if the vision of increased royalties and prestige affected his decision. There are ways to correct this situation. Some instructors like Prof. Palmer Throop of the history department purposely teach against a foil-a book which presents a view different from his own. The sociology depart- ment achieves the same end by de-emphasiz- ing the text and assigning supplementary read- ings. Also 'departments could insist that when text- book selection committees are formed to choose books for the lower courses, the author of a text under consideration be excluded from the group. Another suggestion would be to adopt a modification of a plan in operation at the University of Minnesota. At Minnesota where there are many locally written texts, the author is required to get permission to teach his own text. F - " FEIFFER A IA&Ce C WAIf A HIQUTC- Fq AM- MefJ t MEAKOIJOWITHOS9 14M0 J1 WfW UW CCOG6.Z62 AL ,IIiI iAlc. ,')RP R fAV6 CAPMl AIJE0 60002 WIL- 1 ALL M60~. /!1 TO TL4It1Kh% AMLmUiJG FUNNY' UBi V'AT 51AT6M6PT~- I MEAMJ PACC qCS - OU)T W!1'HOUrAP6AE- IAEOT owJ TH6 Goon WIL. TO 6000 wwe.1 MWAN THAT -WE6 59VW iAVC &7OOP WltLTO M5o6 090 A6- qOQ kcfJ- AULA lMEJOr 6000 WUL.- r ,, 1 t ; ,. 6dhf pLNJC6 TLH OUIZC5o. % lb AIMT OIJO 0 IV-AAIL NIX Ii.