EIGHT

THE MICHIGAN DAILY

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 15, 1961

_ , TEMCHGN AL

BORDER DISPUTE:
U.S. Caught in Afghan-Pakistan Squabble

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1

KABUL, Afghanistan (M'-This
land-locked central Asian king-
dom has broken off diplomatic re-
lations with its southern neighbor,
Pakistan, after mutual shooting
and shouting-leaving the United
State's squarely in the middle.
The developments have cold war
overtones.
The United States, a military
ally of Pakistan, patched up an
earlier dispute between the two,
and is reported working feverish-
ly to heal the latest rift.
The Soviet Union, Afghanistan's
northern neighbor, is using the op-
portunity to draw this primitive,
Moslem kingdom closer to her.
Russia has already equipped the
Afghan army with modern wea-
pons, and is busy building roads
in the northern half of the nation.
Neutral Role

The United States, hoping to
keep Afghanistan in its tradi-
tional neutral role as a ubffer
state between Russia and Western
influenced nations, is building
roads and dams in the south, and
pouring in other aid.
Uncle Sam has some $200 mil-
lion committed to aid Afghanistan.
Russia has promised $220 million
\-more than to any other nation
outside the Iron Curtain.
American aid, which has al-
ways gone overland through Paki-
stan, is stacking up on the docks
there, since Afghanistan won't
accept it until its trade missions
are reopened. The United States
apparently won't ship it by the
only other route available, through,
Soviet Russia.
Aid Goods
Pakistan says it will sell the aid
goods, if they aren't cleared soon.
More are o nthe high seas, includ-
ing some aid from Japan. The
goods, mostly road building equip-
ment, cement, wheat and educa-
tional supplies, are not perishable.
On both sides the press has
whipped up the dispute, with the
United States getting caught in
the backlash.
The Afghans say the United
States should have brought pres-
sure on Pakistan to prevent the
rupture.,
Recent Statement
The Pakistan press in turn
pounced -all over a recent state-
ment by the United States Infor-
mation Agency that used the
phrase "border dispute", which
Pakistan says does not exist. One'
newspaper suggested Americans
stay in their air conditioned of-
fices and mind their own business.
The United States is keen to
solve the dispute for two reasons.
1. American foreign policy is
aimed at keepink Pakistan-a
member of both SEATO and CEN-
TO pacts-firmly on the United
States side, and Afghanistan out
of the arms of the Soviets.
2. A new truption of violence
could come this fall, when the no-
madic tribesmen bring their flocks
down from the Afghan highlands
to the Pakistan lowlands, as they
have done in winter for genera-
tions.
Travel Devices
Pakistan says it will stop them
at the border this ,year, to check
passports, visas and health cards
-modern travel devices that have
never penetrated into the region,
which is in southwest Pakistan.


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(Continued from Page 4)

Adopted: That the vacancy on Stu-
dent Government Council be filled by
appointment.
Adopted: The procedure for filling
vacancies between elections on Student
Government Council shall be as fol-
lows: 1) by all campus petitioning; 2)
interviewing by a nominating commit-
tee, and 3) interviews conducted by
Student Government Council as a
whole.
The nominating committee shall be
composed of the executive committee of
Student Government Council, one elect-
ed member, and an ex officio member
both chosen on recommendation by the
executive committee and approved by
the Council.
This committee shall recommend for
the Council's approval up to four can-
didates to be interviewed by the Coun-
cil on the basis of the submitted peti-
tions and interviews. The Council may
amend the list by addition, deletion or
substitution. (In the event of two seats
being vacant, the nominating commit-
tee shall submit up to five candidates;
in the event of three vacancies the
committee shall submit up to six candi-
dates; and so on.) These candidates
shall then be interviewed in public ses-
sion by the Council as a whole and
the Council shal then select the per-
son (s) to fill the interim vacancy
(vacancies).
Appointed: Wallis Wilde, to the Com-
mittee on Membership in Student Or-
ganizations, term to end in December,
1962.
Appointed: To the Human Relations
Board: David Aroner, Daryl Bem, Law-
rence Caroline, Barbara Greenstein,
Herb Heidenreich, terms to end in De-
cember 1962, and Judith Lieberman,
term to end in May, 1962.
Appointed: To the post of Interna-
tional Relations Chairman, Eleanor
Winn, term to end in December, 1962.
Appointed: To Student Book Ex-
change, David Easonas Manager at
the salary of $100 for the semester,
and Christopher Cohen as Assistant
Manager at the same salary, terms to
end in May, 1962.
Appointed: To the Cinema Guild
Board: Mike Lewis, Chairman; Lawrence
Everett, Ann Speer, Marc Zagoren, Har-
old Zanoff, members, terms to expire
in December, 1962.
Appointed: To the Early Registration
Pass Committee: Robert Wilensky,
Chairman; Varda Davis, James Mac-
Beath, Mark Moskowitz, James Ravin,
members, terms to expire in December,
1962.
Adopted: To mandate the Administra-
tive vice-President to make every ef-
fort to bring a recommendation to the
Council for the position of Interna-
tional Week Chairman early in the
spring semester.
Adopted: To mandate the Administra-
tive Vice-President to secure a copy
of the film "Operation Abolition" as
narrated by the American Civil Liber-
ties Union for showing to the Council
and the student body.
Adopted: That Student Government
Council appropriate $24.30 plus costs of
round trip transportation for two to
Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, to attend
the First Intercollegiate Conference on
Disarmament and Arms Control to be
held February 16 through 18, 1962.
One person shall be chosen repre-
senting Student Government Council
and one representing a peace group or
current affairs group on campus. Selec-
tion shall be made on the basis of a
brief petition and interview by the
Student Concerns Committee. Petition-
ing shall open as soon as Council action
becomes effective and close Sunday,
January 7, at 2:00 p.m. Interviews will
be held on this date from 2:00 on.
Postponed: Motion to eariark a sub-
stantial portion of the World University
Service fund drive money to go to the
Algerian Student Fund.
Adopted: That Student Government
Council approve a budget of $170.00
for a Council retreat to be held on
Friday and Saturday, February 19 and
20, at the Fresh Air Camp.
Adopted: That Student Government
Council grant permanent recognition to
Americans Committed to World Re-
sponsibility.
Adopted: That Student Government
Council accept the revised constitution
of Voice Political Party and grant per-
manent recognition to Voice.
Adopted: To appropriate $325.00 from
General Council Funds (Account F-1)
for the Conference on the University
to be held April 20-22, 1962.
Adopted: To make Authority over
Student Rules and Conduct the first

order of business after committee re-
ports at the next regular business
meeting, as an item of special business.
Agenda Student Government Council
Jan. 3, 7:00 p.m., Council Room
Constituents' Time 9:00
Minutes of previous meeting.
Officer reports: President, Letters,
Announcements; Executive vice-Prest-
dent, Interim Action; Administrative
Vice-President, Treasurer.
Standing Committees: Committee on
Student Concerns.
Ad Hoc Committees and Related
Boards: Reading and Discussion Com-
mittee Report.
Special Business: Authority over Stu-
dent Rules and Conduct.
Old Business: Freshman Orientation
Program.
New Business: Course on Problems of
Peace in the Nuclear Age.
Constituents' Time and Members'
Time.
Announcements.
Adjournment.
Doctoral Examination for Eric Michael
Zale, English Language & Literature;
thesis: "The Defenses of John Henry
Newman," Sat., Dec. 16, E. Council
Room, Rackham Bldg., at 9:30 a.m.
Chairman, Karl Litzenberg.
Doctoral Examination for Jack Jenks
Stockton, Epidemiologic Science; thesis:
"Replacement of Whole Serum for the
In Vitro Cultivation of Trichomonas
foetus," Wed., Dec. 20, 2030 SPH, at
9:30 a.m. Chairman, R. J. Porter.
Placement
Overseas Teaching Interviews-A rep-
resentative of the Air Force will be
in Ann Arbor to interview teachers for
the Dependents' Schools overseas on
Jan. 5 and 6. Requirements for teach-
ers include United States citizenship,
a bachelor's degree from an accredited
college, two years teaching experience
in the field for which application is
being made, a valid teaching certificate
and satisfactory recommendations. For
appointments contact Miss Marjorie
Fuller, Overseas Placement Officer,
Civilian Personnel Office, Selfridge Air
Force Base, Mich.
The Army's Dependents Schools Over-
seas will interview on February 1, 2,
3, and 4 at the Employment Security
Commission, Commercial and Profes-
sional Ofice, 7310 Woodward Ave., De-
troit, Mich. Applications should be
made three weeks prior to interview
date at U.S. Army Engineer District,
P.O. Box 1027, Detroit 31, Mich., Attn.:
Personnel Officer.
For additional information contact
the Bureau of Appointments, 3200 SAB,
663-1511, Ext. 3547.
POSITION OPENINGS:
Insurance Company, Downtown De-
troit-Opportunities for 3 young WOM-
EN graduates as Personnel Trainees.
Only 1 of 2 openings in Emplmt.' Of-
ficeyrequires shorthand. Third position
in Education Dept. as Supervisor
Trainee. No exper. necessary but must
know typing. Career opportunity. Start
now or in February.
B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, O.-Open-
ings as follows : Non-Technical -- Sr.
Marketing Analyst, Job Analyst, Train-
ing Rep., Programmer, Economist, News
Editor, Staff Supervisor for Consumer

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Products, Market Planning Specialists,
Accounting Trainees. Technical-Chem-
ical Engnr., Product Engnrs, (Both
Compound & Industrial Products),Pat-
ent Attorney, Product Designer (Avia-
tion Products). Also many others in
both categories.
Allied Research Assoc., Inc., Boston,
Mass. - Openings for Meteorologists
(Radar, Mathematically-oriented, Trop-
ical) & Sr. Physical Oceanographers &
Terrestrial Geophysicists. Opportunities
exist at all levels. Excellent scholastic
records required. Research exper, re-
quired for senior scientists.
Connecticut Civil Service-Psychiatric
Social Work Clinician-2 yrs. course of
study & field work, with courses In.
psychiatric social work, at a graduate
school of social work & 2 yrs. employ-
ment in social work. Conn. Residence.
Apply by: Dec. 20. Also Psychiatric
Social Worker-6 yrs. training & work
combination of the above Conn. resi-
dence waived. Apply by Dec. 27.
Milwaukee Civil Service-Librarian V-
Science Coordinator-for Milwaukee
Public Library. Bachelor's in Engrg.,
Math., or one of Physical Sciences.
Graduate degree in Library Science. 8
yrs. library exper. (or in research or
training field). Apply by Dec. 30.
Detroit Civil Service-List of Continu-
ing Examinations for various positions
on bulletin board outside rm. 3200
SAB. Positions include: City Planners,
Nurses, Physical Therapist, Pharma-
cist, Jr. Chemist, Social Case Worker,
Clinical Psychologist, Assoc. Art Cura-
tor, etc.
The. Barden Corporation, Danbury,
Conn.-Sales Engineer for Indiana-Ohio
territory. Mechanical Engnr. with 3-10
yrs. experience in selling to manufac-
turers of original equipment. Salesex-
per, in ball bearings or similar lines.
Oregon Civil Service-Landscape Ar-
chitects for grads 'with major coure.
work taken in landscape architecture.
Applications available at Bureau fVr
exam.
Fashion Seal Uniforms, Huntington,
N.Y.-Openings for 2 men on Sales
Staff. One to reside in Chicago & travel
approx. 16 weeks covering various
states. Another to reside in Detroit &
travel approx. 24 weeks. Car neces-
sary. Will consider recent grad.
Dow Corning Corp., Midland, Mich.-
Personnel Trainee-Woman-to start as
secretary to one of staff of Personnel
Dept., as training for a specific posi-
tion of her own. College bkgd.-any
field. Must have good typing & short-
hand.
For further information, please call
General Div., Bureau of Appts., 3200
SAB, Ext. 3544.
Part-Time
Employment
The following part-time Jobs are
available. Applications for these jobs
can be made in the Part-time Place-
n
to the World
and to all our Loyal
friends and patrons,
the Best of Everything
a CAMPUS CASUALS
I 1111 So. University

ment Office, 2200 SAB: Monday thru
Friday 8 a.m. til 12 noon and 1:30 til
5 p m.
Employers desirous of hiring students
for part-time or full-time temporary
work, should contact Jack Lardie, at
NO 3-1511 ext. 3553.
Students desiring miscellaneous odd
jobs should consult the bulletin board
in Room 2200, dailyE
MALE
-Several salesmen to sell magazine
subscriptions.
-Salesmen to sell college sportswear
for men.
1-Experienced typesetter, 20 hours per
week or more,
1-Reader for a graduate student in
Social Science, 5 to 20 hours per
week.
FEMALE
1-Babysitter, housekeeper, live in,
weekends off.
1-Rent room in private home, act as
secretary approximately 3 evenings
per week thru 2nd semester. Pay
rate to be arranged.
1-Reader for a graduate student in
Social Science, 5 to 20 hours per
week.
1-Swimming instructor at least 24
years old who is willing to instruct
older women. Prefer graduate stu-
dent.
ORGAN IZATION
NOTICES
Baha'i Student Group, Weekly Discus-
sion, Open to All, Dec. 15, 8 p.m., 418
Lawrence. Call 663-2904 for information
& transportation.
-
To Faithful
Old Friends,
STo Cherished
N lew Friends-.
It is a pleasure to ex-
tend Best Wishes o the
fseason and, may your
New Year be One of
' Happiness.
-i
Weo

Violence erupted at another
point on the border, in the wind-
swept areas north of the fabled
Khyber Pass, last year. Pakistan
claims 4,000 Afghan irregulars
crossed into the Bajaur area in
September, 1960, and were re-
pulsed by the Pakistan army. Re-
ports say 1,500 Afghans were
killed.
In May, in the same wild road-
less terrain of mud forts and iso-
lated villages, Pakistan claimed
one of its army outposts was at-
tacked by Afghan regular sol-
diers using Russian machine guns
and mortars-the first time the
use of either Soviet equipment or
Afghan regulars had been charged.
Afghanistan denied the charges.
The Pakistan troops fired back
with weapons provided by the
United States, to bring the cold
war symbolically to one of the
most remote spots in Asia.
However, the dispute between
the two nations goes back farther
than that.
Afghanistan has never been
happy with the 1893 treaty with
British India which established
the "Durand Line" as the limit
of British influence and in effect
the border with Afghanistan.
The British never really admin-
istered up to the line, leaving the
Northwest Frontier tribes to gov-
ern themselves so long as they
left the British alone on the low-
er ground.

But the border remained when
India became independent in 1947,
and Pakistan was created as Af-
ghanistan's new neighbor.
Afghan Maps
However, Afghan maps soon be-
gan to show an area from the Du-
rand line clear to the Indus River,
as well as the entire area north of
the Khyber Pass, as "Pakhuni-
stan." It comprised roughly two-
thirds of all of West Pakistan, and
'included a population of some 11
million persons, only slightly few-
er than the population of Afghani-
stan itself.
The Afghan government con-
tended these people were Afghans,
held down by Pakistan repression.
The government said these people
wanted a separate state of Pakh-
tunistan, and a plebiscite should
be held.
Pakistan would have non of it.
Pakistan claimed that Afghani-
stan really wanted to add this
territory to itself, so it would have
a long-desired outlet on the Ara-
bian sea, and also restore a part
of the old Afghan empire which
was once the capital of the pres-
ent ruling group in Kabul.
Closes Boider
The agitation for Pakhtunistan
continued until the Pakistan gov-
ernment closed the border in 1955,
shutting off Afghan trade to the
outside.
Russia jumped into the fray,
and opened trade routes for the,

traditionally neutral country
through Soviet territory. The
United States brought pressure on
both nations, and the dispute was
settled.
However, the Russians had a
foot in the door, and began to
move in behind it.
The dispute boiled over again
this year. Both sides accused the
other of subversion, and Pakistan
ordered Afghan consulates and
trade agencies in the troubled
areas closed.
Breaks Relation
Afghanistan responded by
breaking off diplomatic relations,
Sept. 6.
Trade, and American aid, again
came to a halt.
The Russians backed Afghan-
istan, and Foreign Minister Mo-
hammad Naim, a close cousin of
the King, made a quick trip to
Moscow.
Pakistan's latest move-the an-
nouncement that the nomads
would not be able to make their
traditional border crossing with-
out travel documents they do not
possess-is apparently aimed at
bringing pressure on Kabul.
Meanwhile, the Americans are
reportedly trying to convince
Pakistan that it is in its national
interest to get along with Afghan-
istan, unless it wants a modern
army with Russian tanks rumbling
along its northern border, over
,roads ,built with U.S. aid.

SeGonD
!freeftnqi
GOLD BOND

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