Seventy-Second Year, EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Vhere Opinions Are Free STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Truth Wil Prevail"A Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. OSA IN TRANSITION: Women's Halls Need Philosophy . 3 vDAY, DECEMBER 3, X961 NIGHT EDITOR: CAROLINE DOW Grave Dangerlm-p icit In Walker's Actions HERE IS GRAVE DANGER in the rising military thrust into political activity-dan- :er exemplified by the recent actions of Gen. Tdwin A. Walker. General Walker took as his basic premise, hat his commitment as a military officer was ot to serve the elected representatives of the eople, nor to observe laws and regulations in he carrying out of his duty, but rather to do rhat he personally conceived were the best iterests of the people. Such a commitment when exercised by one Man holding power could lead to tyranny, and 'hen held by many men could lead to anarchy. 'his is particularly true of military men who' :mmand large forces and who are not elected y or responsible to the citizenry. STALKER HIMSELF has in the past pointed out that Anerica has a government of w not men. Before beginning his right-wing: ampage, the General told Little Rock high hool students during his command of United tates paratroopers enforcing integration.: "The United States is a nation under law nd not under men .. .We are governed by ws properly decided upon by our duly consti- ited authority ... We are all subject to all the ws, whether W* approve of them personally. r not . . . There can be no exceptions." Yet he proceeded to violate these principles uring his command of the 24th Division in ermany. In violation of the Hatch Act, of rticles 92 and 134 of the Uniform Code, of ilitary regulation, AR 3555-5, and of federal atute 18 USC 595, Gen. Walker attempted to fluence the votes of his troops and their de- indents in the 1960 congressional elections, .doctrinated those troops with a John Birch ociety philosophy, and mocked and slandered merican leaders, including his-ultimate super- r, President Eisenhower. His actions consti- tted the rule of man in direct violation of the hic of law. SGC Vo A DAMOCLEAN SWORD hangs over the Stu- dent Government Council. Under the revis- ed SGC plan the vice-president for student affairs can veto any action of the Council if it meets three tangible criteria and two neb- ulous, intangible ones. The tangible criteria are clear enough. If the Council action conflicts with established Regental policy, is hastily considered, or ap- proved without consultation with the adminis- tration or the groups involved, the vice-presi- dent for student affairs can veto it on request of an aggrieved party. However, Councol actions can be vetoed on two undefined, subjective bases. According to' Vice-President for Student Affairs James A. Lewis, he can annul an action if it is "irrespon- sible or unreasonable." WHAT DO THESE WORDS MEAN? To find out, the Committee on Student Concerns invited Lewis to last Wednesday's Council meeting. He touched the subject, but left it es- sentially as cloudy as ever. "It is a clearly un- derstood ground rule of Student Government Council that there may be variation in what is reasonable," Lewis asserted as he dismissed all attempts to define these subjective criteria. An explanation of veto policy is vital to the Council. Soon a deadline of submitting state-' ments on bias in fraternities and sororities will bet set. Following that, the Committee on Mem- ber.,hip Selection in Student Organizatigns may recommend that the Council throw a fraternity or sorority off campus. However, the threat of an administrative veto may complicate Coun- cil consideration. As an administrator whose job is to uphold Ethics and Earn T HE UNIVERSITY agreement to cooperate with William P. Lear in the relocation of his aircraft industry is, on the surface, a wonder- ful thing for the State and the University. The decline of the University's Willow Run as a thriving terminal will be happily solved by the proposed entry of Lear's Swiss American Aviation Corporation's operations to the Wil- low Run Ann Arbor area. The state eventually will gain a predicted $5 million a year payroll. In addition, the University is helped finan- cially by another research project. This gain, however, raises an ethical question of whether mnilitary and industrial needs should direct the course of research. The quest for funds has forced the University to tailor its research lanning around the needs of industry and the military in order to attract these most im- portant sources of money. It is a simple fact that there is more money available to scien- ists who are willing to do research in some area of industry or defense. Planned or not, he research is being channeled into the needs >f defense and industry. F THIS REBELLION against the constitu- tional authority of the United States and this violation of American law were unique to Gen. eral Walker and without support, the danger would not be as grave as it is. But Walker and his actions have the support of at least two United States Senators, conservatives Strom Thurmond of South Carolina and John Tower of Texas, who see the opposition to him as the silencing of anti-Communism. In addition, Gen. Walker has undertaken a national speaking tour, and there is specula- tion that he may run for Congress in Texas next year. Furthermore, his rebellion expresses the publicly unstated but privately outspoken views of an important part of our American officer corps in all three services. By resigning rather than retiring from his command, Gen. Walker has attempted to make himself a martyr, and with the help of his sup- porters he may yet succeed. The cult of mar- tyrdom that his actions could initiate could, cause a movement of emotion to replace among citizens the philosophy of reason upon which democratic processes are based. This emotion feeding on the American fear of an enemy that is said to be able to over-- throw the United States from within, the pos- sibility of that emotion gripping the citizenry is heightened. Gen. Walker, by deliberately violating regulations and by resigning when his superiors attempted to enforce these reg- ulations, has casied the stability of the military and its subservience to civil authority into question. L EADERSHIP OF THE MILITARY is not chosen by democratic process. Furthermore, that leadership commands actual physical pow- sr. For these two reasons, the military must a't all times remain subservient to the constituted and constitutional authority of the United States, however severe the threat of internal Communism may seem. -ROBERT SELWA Lewis ' Axe the Regents' anti-discrimination bylaw 2.14 against discrimination, Lewis owes the Council an explanation, of his veto policy. His "non- directional" approach, which was beautifully illustrated in his evasion 'of questions from Ad- ministrative Vice-President Robert Ross and Brian Glick, will only lead to confusion. IT IS UNCLEAR what Lewis would do if the Council intended to enforce Bylaw 2.14 and throw a fraternity or sorority off campus. Even if the Council meticulously met the first three criteria of staying within Regental poli- cy, consulting local and national fraternity of- ficials and OSA administrators, and holding long deliberations, Lewis could still veto this action on vague ground of irresponsibility. Lewis dangles the sword over the Council's head. Under the vaguely defined terms of Lewis's authority in the SGC Plan, he may veto any council action he pleases even if the Coun- cil has meticulously followed the specified cri- teria. It is true that the Council could bank on the Committee on Referral to check Lewis's power. However, this student-faculty-adminis- trator committee is only advisory-and cannot control Lewis's final action. Faced with the "ground rules" of Bylaw 2.14, fraternity and sorority bias clauses, and the SGC intent on removing them, Lewis perform- ed a great disservice to the campus commu- nity by his evasiveness at the last Council meeting. If Regents Bylaw 2.14 is to be enforced and, beyond the immediate issue, if the Coun- cil is to be an effective student government, Lewis must state a clear policy on administra- tive veto. -PHILIP SUTIN larked Research mation will require increasing creativity in re- search and cannot be met by the demands of defense or industry. Secondly, are the pressures to provide re- search personnel and facilities for defense and industry impairing the first service of a Uni- versity to a community, that of education? In other words, are salary and building priorities going to faculty and classrooms or to research men and facilities? And if research is gaining the priorities, is it the right kind of research? The agreement of the University to aid in the development of a specific product, such as Lear's SAAC No. 23 plane, is justified from the point of view of state welfare, as it brings in payrolls to the state economy. It is also justified from the defense point of view, as it improves aviation. It is not justified education- ally if it in any way impairs the education of Michigan's future citizens. YET, pragmatically, the question is not a question. For under existing circumstances the University has no other choice but to (EDITOR'S NOTE - This is the first in a continuing series of in- terpretative articles on issues raised by the current re-evaluation of the Office of Student Affairs.) By DAVID MARCUS Daily Staff Writer A MASS LIVING SITUATION al- ways presents certain limita- tions and discomforts. A mass liv- ing situation in which a student is compelled to live adds psychol- ogically to the stresses of the in- dividual in the University commu- nity. These difficulties and a gen- erally paternalistic Dean of Wom- en's office have resulted in the frustrating, petty and intellectual- ly unjustifiable conglomeration known as administration of the women's dormitories. For four years, except in a very few exceptional circumstances and for those who choose sorority liv- ing, undergraduate women must face rules whose express purpose is to regulate their personal lives and keep their . behavior within closely defined limits. They must sign in and sign out. They are on evaluated on personal qualities by people unqualified to do so, for files they will never see. Almost the only hope of getting out is to join a sorority. Worst of all, the women feel caught by a system with an impenetrable bu- reaucracy that seems impersonal and inhmune to change, not car- ing about what they think. * * * ALL THESE resentments, which to one degree or another most women seem to feel, have been in- creasingly voiced in past months. Both Assembly Dormitory Coun- cil and Student Government Coun- cil have voiced their disapproval of the non-academic evaluations used in the women's residence halls. Assembly has become so bold as to set up a committee to define the role of the housemoth- er ('it's' an intangible,' said one administrator). And finally, the women have had the opportunity, through the recent Office of Stu- dent Affairs Study Committee sur- vey, to voice their complaints di- rectly to an agent of change. In the case of the dorms, the OSA committee faces one of its most difficult problems in artic- ulating a philosophy. With liter- ally millions of dollars worth of buildings, over 3,000 residents and huge staff, the women's residence halls simply do not have an insti- tutional philosophy apart from that of Dean Deborah Bacon's of- fice; and since she has resigned, there has been a void which the OSA committee must fill. * * * IN FACT, former Assistant Dean of Women Elsie Fuller, who was in charge of residence halls, re- signed because of a "lack of phi- losophy" since the resignation of Dean Bacon. One administrator, with long experience in the wom- en's residence halls, put the prob- lem more bluntly: "There is a lack of leadership in the office of Student Affairs that extends from Vice-President Lewis to President Hatcher and the Regents." - The lack of philosophy is an historical fact in the dorms. The first three of them built-Helen Newberry, Betsy Barbour and Martha Cook-represent the gifts of private individuals to the Uni- versity. The first two were sim- ply handed over to the University to use as the administration chose. Only Martha Cook building carried with it extensive provisions, in- cluding a special governing board. IT WAS NOT until the, late 1930's that the University began to build housing for women on its own initiative. The University has since built Alice Lloyd, Stock- well, Mosher-Jordan, Mark Mark- ley and has had Victor Vaughn converted for women. But nobody, during this entire period, has ever articulated the purpose of the women's residence halls. Prof. Karl Litzenberg of the English department, when in charge of University housing, wrote "The Michigan House Plan," on which both the men's and women's housing were to be based. Although nobody inthe dean of women's office will admit it di- rectly, they will imply quite lear- ly that they do not really fel the House Plan applies to women. Said one administrator: "The House Plan was designed for the men's residence halls which didn't get started until the late 1930's. Worsen's housing had already been in operation since 1915 and was a going concern. Besides, the needs of men are dif- ferent from the needs of women and the House Plan doesn't really meet them. IN FACT, this statement that "women have different needs than men" seems to be the main ra- tionalization for the failure to ar- ticulate philosophy. And the fail- ure to articulate philosophy has led to a consistent use of expedi- ency in building a myriad of dor- mitories and in creating the struc- ture of rules, and aims under which the women must live. For example, administrators in- cluding Dean Fuller and ADC President Sally Jo Sawyer and stu- dent leaders will generally agree that, it would be better if all dor- mitories were built on the same scale as Barbour or Newberry. But the usual excuse is 'Well, we would like it, but the business office . ..' But, if small dormitories were really an integral and inseparable part of the philosophy of wom- en's residence halls, the adminis- tration would not have given in so easily to the business office. Certainly, they let many possible alternatives slip by. For example, would the women be willing to have less services in exchange for a small dorm? Nobody knows, be- cause nobody has ever taken the trouble to find out because it, has never been that important to the administration. * * * SIMILARLY, rules have been guided not by ideals, but only by realistic concern for what the public will think. "Let's face it," says one dean of women's office administrator, "in our society women just can't do what men can." In this state- ment are embodied a number of important implications. The dean of women's office is caught in a paradox. On the one hand, there is the idea, articulat- ed at the recent conference on the men's residence halls by James H. Robertson, associate dean of the literry college, of the process of education as one of learning to make choices and bearing the con- sequences of one's own decision. On the other, there are the so- cietal pressures demanding that women students not be allowed to make choices regarding their own welfare. * * * at the University as they are sup- posedly at home. For example, witness the statement from a University booklet on women's rules which says: "Students who find some rules questionable may not possess an adequate knowledge of the ration- ale behind them. The underlying basis for this rationale is protec- tion; for the individual and for the University which is responsi- ble for each of its students." Perhaps an even more telling example is the demand of the Alumnae Council that in a re- vamped OSA structure the dean of women's office be retained in or- der to "maintain high moral standards" among the women stu- dents. * * * THUS the University will al- most certainly continue to unjus- tifiably structure the lives of women students to a far greater extent than men. But the really unfortunate part, is that no mem- ber of the dorm administration will declare, even privately, that minimizing and gradual elimina- tion of major rule differentiations between men and women is a de- sirable goal. Further, dorm administrators until now see little reason for not concerning themselves in the pri- vate lives of individuals. Women's non-academic evalua- ions, for example, ask extensive information about all aspects of personality and behavior, includ- ing study habits, motivation, whether she is cheerful or moody, whether she has organizational ability or is a team worker, how she dresses, whether she is ad- justed or not, etc., etc. What is really dangerous about these evaluations is their inva- sion of privacy, their becoming a part of a permanent record, their potential use for non-residence hall purposes, and finally, the lack of qualifications of those filling them out. Aside from some of the obvious questions such as how well a wom- an is doing academically, house directors (the official term for housemother) and resident advis- ors usually do not know the in- dividuals well enough and are not sufficiently qualified in depth psychology to answer the ques- tions well. * * * THE HOUSEMOTHER, in fact is an enigma. Nobody really seems to know why she exists or exact- ly what she is supposed to be d ing. To many, she is simply a symbol of antiquated gentility. She is an attempt to introduce in- to the dorms the philosophy of conventional middle-class Ameri- cana of about 1900. In addition, resident advisors seem to be fairly useless. Very few of them have or will have much experience in the dorms as RA's since most will only stay to do a year or two of graduate work. Certainly the role of the RA and the housemother should be carefully examined. - * * TO CONFUSE the already-tan- gled situation, nobody knows exactly what the women think. There has never been anything like the Scheub report in the dorms. The only known survey has been the OSA Study Committee's ques- tionnaire. However, the question-' naire has its limitations, especially since the responses came from' house meetirng discussions of the questions with the obvious difficul- ties of a person having to commit his opinions publicly and with the necessity of a note-taking secre- tary which may or may not be a factor in the outcome. In any case; there is consider- able doubt about the statistical validity of the OSA survey. Student government, i.e. ADC should be the means for voicing both content and discontent, but generally fails in this. The failure lies in a too weak conception of student government, both on the part of administrators and stu- dents. One administrator in the dean of women's office said: "I think of Assembly as an ad- visory group to the administra- tion." * * * MANY STUDENTS don't seem to have a powerful picture of the organization. Unlike Assembly President Sally Jo Sawyer, who sees ADC as having the threefold purpose of communication between the student and administration, coordination of house activities, and formulation gf some policy, there is a sometimes-expressed viewpoint that Assembly is a tool of the administration. Sawyer points to such accom- plishments as making Betsy Bar- bour an upperclass dorni; but ad- ministrators refuse to define pre- cisely the powers and significance of ADC and the various dorm and house counsels. ADC members are in a difficult position. On the one hand there are the more aware constituents who want action. Said one of these, "they (ADC) just sit there and knit." 'On the other hand, there is the administration which seems to expect complacency. One Assembly official said, "One of the girls just called me a tool of the dean of women only a couple of days after I had been talked to by an administrator about my 'radi- cal' tendencies." * * * ONE OF THE MAJOR problem$s that ADC faces is apathy. This is probably due to the enforced living situation which allows no exit except in cases of financial hardship. One change that would probably help immensely would be to make some provision for wom- en who are truly unhappy in the residence hall living situation. "They complain and make them- selves and everyone around them' unhappy," Sawyer said in support of the idea. Apartment permission is now granted automatically to those over 22. Probably the age limit should be lowered rather than let- ting the dean's office grant apart- ments for reasons other than fi- nances. Women are required to be. in the dorms so that they can be super- vised, not because of the financial obligations of the University to pay for the buildings. A high University administra- tor has noted that the dormitor- ies could make a transition to a different kind of operation strict- ly on the basis of voluntary occu- pany, with no financial strain. * * * THUS, the women's dormitories are the University's admission of defeat before societal pressure. The University has failed to articulate what they are, why they are and the ideal of what they should be. They are 'in loco parentis' in the most derogatory sense of the term. They remove a great deal of pos- sibility for choice that is legiti- mately the individual's and not the University's. But worse than these failures is the philosophy of administration. The administration of the resi- dence halls, like much of the ad- ministration of the OSA, has gen- erally been placed in the hands of people with no intellectual com- mitment to the University. There are too many people who, licking philosophy or the ability to formulate it, do not see the broader purpose of the dorms, and are instead imposing on residents the limitations of the expedient. Flash A DIRECT QUOTE from a re- uent Associated Press wire re- port: "A44AX JACKSON, MISS-FIRST ADD NUCLEAR TESTING ' (BJT) (A4h1X)X X X EXPOSED. BUSTIT BUST IT" * ,* * Things are really getting tough down there. -P.D.S. CHORUS UNBALANCED: NewEdition, Orchestra ,,-eImprove 'essiah Ni 4 THE SOCIETY that different standards of from men and women strongly that women be; demands conduct demands sheltered" "On The Other Hand, If What He Says Is True, Wthy Is It Printed In Izvestia?" I j LAST NIGHT'S performance of Handel's "Messiah" shows a great improvement over those of previous years. First of all, the University Symphony Orchestra" was used for the first time since 1942, instead of a pick-up orches- tra. Secondly, the chorus sang from the more accurate Coopersmith edition instead of that by Noble. Past performances by the orches- tra have been from the, arrange- ment by Ebenezer Prout, published almost sixty years ago. Prout made his arrangement from that of Mozart which was published a hundred years before., Mozart's additional orchestral parts were made because a noble- man wanted a private performance of the "Messiah" in a hall which had no organ. As good as Mo- zart's arrangement may or may not be, it was made from the first publication of the entire score in 1767 which was badly lacking in accuracy. This year, the orchestra employ- ed new parts which were edited from original Handel manuscripts. (Unfortunately, several "unaccom- panied" recitatives still retained Prout's string additions.) The in- strumentation was restricted to that of Handel--strings, oboes, bassoons, trumpets, timpani, harp- sichord, and organ. Such a begin- ning towards a historically ac- curate performance resulted in a noticeable improvement of musical effects. IN SPITE of limited rehearsal time, the orchestra played very well. Prof. Ray Ferguson's harpsi- chord playing added a welcome brightness to the sound. Donald Tison should be singled out for his impeccable trumpet playing in "The trumpet shall sound." While Elaine Bonazzi sang ade- quately, she seemed more a mezzo- soprano than a contralto. The bell- like quality of Ilona Kombrink's voice, coupled with an obvious un- derstanding of the recitatives pre- ceding "Glory to God," was a pleasure to hear. Prof. Richard Miller's beautiful, light, flexible, and controlled sing- ing made it hard to believe that he has recently been fighting a cold. The rich bass voice and musician-- ship of alumnus Ara Berberian was outstanding. It was unfortunate, however, that the soloists did not add expected trills at cadences. WHEREAS "adagio" and "largo" to achieve a remarkable lightness and'clarityy especially in "And he shall purify." ,While ensemble was amazingly good, there were notice- able exceptions. Consonants at the ends of phrases often lacked audi- bility and crispness. Attacks tended to be fuzzy. It was obvious, how- ever, that it was the large size of the choral body which was respon- sible for these faults. * * * THE TRADITION of large- "Messiah" in England began in scale yearly performaces of the 1783 by three music amateurs with a performance by 250 in- strumentalists and 275 choristers. The largest performing force oc- curred in 1882, when 500 instru- mentalists were pitted against 4,000 voices. The tradition was transferred to this country in 1818. Performances in Ann.-Arbor began in 1879, and have occurred annually, with some exceptions, ever'since. This tradition is the reason for the large performing body of last night. However, such performances obviously do not follow the in- tentions of Handel, who employed no more than 60 performers. Admittedly, it would be un- realistic to duplicate a "Messiah" performance of Handel's day. Boys would have to be employed on the soprano part, and men on the alto. Also, soloists would have to improvise cadenzas, a skill which apparently has been lost. But where Handel had almost twice as many instrumentalists as singers, last night there were six times as many singers as in- strumentalists. For the auditorium, the number of men in the chorus seemed about right. However, they were badly overbalanced by the women. THE PRESENT POLICY of the Choral Union is that once singers are accepted, they can continue membership merely by participa- tion each year. The chorus there- fore includes many who, even if enthusiastic, are plainly past their best singing years. It would seem advantageous if the director would hold annual or biannual auditions for all mem- bers. The resulting reduction in size, especially among the women; would cause a better balance and the ratio between the singers and instrumentalists would approach that of Handel. If a greater number of singers ser .l ei r f vcAln- T a7®t lr __ v.