FACULTY POWER See Page 4 Seventy-One Years of Editorial Freedom :3a it1 CLOUDY, WARMER Hligh-55 Low--40 Rain tonight turning to snow flurries tomorrow. VOL. LXXII, No. 51 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1961 SEVEN CENTS EIGHT PJ Conference Releases Education By MICHAEL HARRAH Three pollsters and a college coordinator highlighted the agenda of the first session of the Fifteenth Annual Cbnference on Higher Ed- ucation with statistical light on the problems of higher education, in Rackham Amphitheatre yester- day. Prof. Stephen B. Withey of th. psychology department, program director at Survey Research Cen- ter, presented his findings in "The Attitudes of the Public Toward Higher Education." He found the public used four criteria in judging the quality of colleges and universities. Personal Associates "The first is rather vague," he said. "Something called 'reputa- tion'. It is derived from the re- marks of personal associates." The second is "knowledge about the expertise of an institution in. a certain field." Third is, the con- currence (or lack of it) with the institution's admission policy, and fourth is the agreement with the size and/or location of the insti- tution. However, in choosing a college for a member of one's own family, different criteria are used: small size over large, or nearness to home. He said that the public generally favored establishing more smaller institutions with joint tax and tuition support as a pattern of enlarging higher education. Life Role Prof. Withey said that a person associated a college education with his own role in -life. If such edu- catibn has been satisfactory, one tends to view higher education more favorably. He concluded that "colleges and universities must prove their utili- tarian worth. They are accepted as institutions for instruction but also as more than that in terms of community service and in en- larging the domain of knowledge." Paying for College Prof. John B. Lansing of the economics department, program director at Survey Research Cen- ter, presented tabular description of "How People Pay for College." He demonstrated that the an- nual expense of attending college for unmarried students could be as low as $450 or under (six per cent) or as high as $3,450. or over (two per cent). His survey showed the average to be around $1,550. Fund Sources Of that amount he found that 61 per cent was raised through parental contribution, 23 per cent from student earnings, 8 per cent from scholarships, and eight per cent from other sources. Parents reported various meth- ods of raising their contributions. In 48 per cent of the cases, they used money saved in advance, of which 12 per cent represented en- dowment insurance. Forty-four per cent raised money from their cur- rent income, but in 19 per cent of the cases the mother worked more and in eight per cent of the cases the father worked more. Eight per cent borrowed money, and eight per cent received a windfall. Prof. Senior Motivation Po.Raymond J. Young of the education school, director of the Junior Community College Admin- istrator Institute, reported on the "Characteristics, Motivations, and College - Going Expectations of High School Seniors." Prof. Young said that "the ex- tent to which our youth is not being developed is the extent of the loss to our country. Yet even in Michigan, no -more than 10 per cent of our high school graduates pursue a college education." No Intention He said that a recent survey has shown that 37 per cent had no intention of pursuing education be- yond high school, while another! 37 per cent definitely did plan to go on. Twenty-six per cent were not certain. He said that 30 per cent of those who didn't plan to continue said that "it was too expensive," 36 per cent "wanted to go to work and make money;" 35 per cent claimed inability to make grades, but it was ascertained that 38 per cent of those who do not go on defi- nitely have the ability.' More Money When asked whether, were more money ayailable, would they have continued their education, at least one-third indicated they might well have done so. Evaluate Colleges By RICHARD KRAUT One hundred years ago, the Morrill Act, which provided for the foundation and mainten- ance of land-grant colleges in the United States, was passed by Congress Nand put into ef- fect. This week, the Americap As- sociation of Land-Grant Col- leges and State Universities held their centennial convoca- tion in Kansas City. Represen- tatives of the member universi- ties attended this conference and submitted hundreds of re- ports on the progress and fu- ture of the fields with which they were'best acquainted. Among these were studies of foreign students in land-grant colleges, the education of Americans to serve abroad, the arts and sciences in land-grant colleges;teacher education, en- gineering and graduate work in the humanities and social sci- ence. Foreign Students A report on foreign students was concerned with these stu- dents studying in the United States. The situation is espe- cially urgent because of the needs of the new nations of the world. Each year, Ameri- can universities undertake the overwhelming task of educat- ing more than 53,000 students from abroad. And the number of foreign students coming to the United States each year will 'increase. More attention must be giv- en to technical education close- ly related to the needs of the new nations, the report says. However, the balance between liberal and technical education must still be maintained. , The present method of selec- tion of foreign students has serious defects. And "the illu- sion that too many foreign stu- dents are coming to the Unit- ed States,' concludes the re- port, "is the result of the un- necessary concentration of for- eign students in a few well- known universities." Selection Limited The fact that almost all of the work must be conducted in English greatly limits the se- lection of students and creates both academic and social prob- lems for those foreign students who are admitted. Further problems include the great amount of indifference toward foreign students on American campuses, the rigid- ness of course requirements and the startling differences be- tween the United States sys- tem of education and those of other nations. All of this means that special orientation and counseling are badly needed in the universities. Further Problems Additional problems arise when the foreign student re- turns home. The curricula in the United States is closely identified with the American economy and -culture; this makes readjustments to the foreign student's home coun- try environment difficult. Even when professors here try to help the foreign student by re- lating his new learning to the countries, English language in- struction centers in the native lands of the students and'ori- entation programs for students before leaving and returning to their homeland. Third, more qualified stu- dents should be permitted to study in the United States. In addition, the foreign students should be more evenly distrib- uted among qualified colleges and universities in the country. F o u r t h, the government should adopt a more liberal student and faculty exchange program. Foreign Affairs In a related report on educa- tion and foreign affairs, it was found that many land-grant colleges have already assumed the responsibility of educating Americans to serve abroad and to promote an understanding of the role of the United States in world affairs. With only 16 per cent of the university stu- dents of the nation, they have 26 per cent of the foreign stu- dents and 36 per cent of the foreign faculty in the United States. In addition, the Peace Corps has now been added to our overseas programs. To date, it seems that the students select- ed are unusually well qualified and are, for the most part, col- lege graduates. However, the Peace Corps orientation and training pro- grams have been criticized for attempting to do too much in too little time. According to International Study Group III, "the training programs devel- oped to date appear to move at a very fast pace, with heavy re- liance on lectures and other materials to which the ,volun- teers are exposed." Some have questioned whether this sort of training will equip Peace Corps volunteers to function with enough initiative and sound judgment. Arts and Sciences A report on the arts and sci- ences by Prof. George Stod- dard of New York University recognized the dual purpose of teaching undergraduates in this field: liberal education and specialization. Up to now, how- ever, the land-grant colleges have not been successful in maintaining a proper balance between these two objectives. In the author's attempt to define the subjects with which liberal arts must deal, he list- ed the following as tests: Is the subject matter endur- ing? It must not be trivial or merely descriptive. There must be a search for abstract prin- ciples. Not Segment Is the subject matter whole? The course must not be sim- ply a segment, without begin- ning and end. Does' the student approach the subject matter without ref- erence to technical applica- tion? Can it, to some degree, be acquired by every student? The subject cannot be -so specializ- ed that it is no longer com- municable to others. Morrill Act When the Morrill Act was A'sks More Interest For Education Bills By CAROLINE DOW If administrators in higher education are active and alert, 21 higher education bill will come through in 1962, Logan Wilson, presi- dent of the American Council of Education said yesterday. Speaking at to the 15th annual Conference on Higher Education held here yesterday and today, Wilson asked leaders to enter the political area and effect a closer liaison between key figures in both + t Pay Students, Schultz Says KANSAS CITY (P)-A University of Chicago economist suggested yesterday that students should be paid to go to college. Prof. H. W. Schultz said that such a practice would be one way of ending the waste of students' time and bringing about basic re- forms in higher education. Schultz told the American As- sociation of Land Grant Colleges and State Universities -that col- leges and universities seriously un- derestimate the value of the time students spend at college. "How else," he asked, "can one explain the wastage of the time of ~the students?" In 1956, Schultz said, the total cost of higher education in the United States were $3.5 billion. The total earnings foregone by college and university students that year were $5.8 billion. "But colleges go merrily on," he said, "treating the time of stu- dents as if they were a free re- source.sWhat is the remedy?" "Instead of rationing admissions and not economizing on the time of students, one answer would be to recruit and pay each student the earnings he will forego while attending college," he said. - "I venture such a procedure, impractical as it may appear would bring about basic reforms in the use of school facilities-libraries, laboratories and classrooms-in the use of faculty time, and above all a reform in curricula." Sawyer Views Course Needs For Graduates Graduate extension work is "one of the ways in which the increas- ing demand for more specialized higher education can be met with- out too great a strain on our cam- pus facilities," Dean Ralph Saw- yer, vice-president for research said Sunday. Speaking at the session of the General Extension Division Ameri- can Association of, Land - Grant Colleges and State Universities in Kansas City, Dean Sawyer said that a state-supported university has a responsibility to provide for the education needs of the state. Graduate extension programs, he added, can be an invaluable serv- ice to the in-service teachers and ,, the legislative and executive branches of government. He called on each separate insti- tution to recognize the present iexistence and , future need for federal aid and to enter actively into legislative work by individual contact with the state representa- tive. Effective Partnership Figures "There's a link between parental attitude toward higher education and college attendance. Approxi- mately 40 per cent of the youth perceive their parents to be in- different to hostile to higher edu- cation. Prof. Merritt M. Chambers, ex- ecutive director of the Michigan Council .of State College Presi- dents, reported that "higher edu- cation is about to experience a renaissance the like of which has not been seen for 400 years." He said that he expected this phenomenon to appear not merely in science and technology, but also in humanities and the arts. Financial Support Prof. Chambers cited student fees, private gifts and taxation as means of financial support for education, and he said that it was the "broad question of public pol- icy is whether we shall support higher education by" all these methods, and whether the total support shall continue to increase, and how rapidly." Prof. Chambers stressed that! the state must be prepared to meet the increasing needs of higher education and suggested a state bond issue or a state building authority to supplement present fund sources.I DEFENSE:, Pentagon Plans New .Program WASHINGTON (A) - Pentagon officials hope to have ready in a few weeks a new three-year pro,- gram for indoctrinating United States troops on such matters as democracy, Communism and citi- zenship. It is expected to be in shape for hearings by a Senate armed serv- ices subcommittee on defense de- partment policies in this field and related issues raised by critics such as Sen. Strom Thurmond, (D-SC). The hearings, which could be lengthy, are scheduled to begin Nov. 27. From all indications, the new< plan will not be a radical departure from the present armed forces information and education pro- gram. Mainly, it-will aim at a more coordinate use of films, pamphlets, military post and unit newspapers, and armed forces radio and tele- vision to get ideas across. Planners said another important feature is that for the first timeI the information and education program will operate on more than a year-to-year basis, giving field commanders more lead time to draft their own local programs. Officials acknowledged that local commanders will not be required to stay within the limits of the Pentagon-supplied material. Ask Expulsion Of Foreigners From Congo UNITED NATIONS 5) - Three1 Asian-African nations proposed yesterday that the United Nations Security Council authorize acting Secretary-General U Thant to usef force if need be to drive foreignf mercenaries out of the strife-torn Congo. The resolution, sponsored by1 Celyon, the United Arab Republic, and Liberia, would empower T Thant to use force for the "ap- prehenson, dentention . . . and deportation" of all foreign mer-T 'cenaries and hostile elements. The Security Council resumes debate today on the Congo. Strong1 African criticism is expected of secessionist Katanga province. 4 USSR, Neutrals Defeat West with Plan To Stop Nuclear Tests in Africa OPPOSITION LIBERAL: Maca pa gal Ahead In Pilippine Race MANILA (RP)-Vice-President, Diosdado Macapagal surged far! ahead of President Carlos P. Garcia early this morning with nearly half the returns counted from the Philippines general election. The latest count, in mid-day, showed Macagapal, candidate of the opposition Liberal party, had an early lead-1,915,936 votes to 1,383,719 for Garcia. Macapagal showed surprising strength in. areas long "The real question confronting us here is not whether there is to be a partnership but one of how the partnership can be made as effective as possible," Wilson said. In asking for more interest in legislation, Wilson disagreed with Health, Education, and Welfare Secretary Abraham Ribicoff's opin- ion that leading educators are in- different to the importance of education as a whole. Four points are essential to the efficient mobilization of human resources, Wilson said. First, "we must recognize that education is a national concern." With the ac-- ceptance of this national respon- sibility institutions must retain in- dividual nitegrity, formulate basic long-range goals of American higher education and improve the structure of higher education, he outlined. Local Needs Institutions, although founded to meet local needs, are the source of the nation's trained manpower. Because scattered endeavors will not meet this need, both the fed- eral government and individual in- stitutions must interrelate, he said. He cited the National Defense Ed- ucation Act as the first move to- ward recognizing the need for gen- eral support on' the federal side. Each institution must define its own goals and relate them to pub- lic policy as they are more valu- able as centers of independent in- quiry than purveyors of specialized services, he continued. Not only must universities and colleges formulate national pur- pose for education but they must promote public understanding and support. This entails entering into public questions, he warned. With public understanding and when adequate monetary support is at- tained, leadership energy can be redirected from fund raising to more beneficial pursuits, he pre- dicted. SGC To Vote On Officers By JUDITH OPPENHEIM Student Government Council willf elect officers tonight as the first order of business following officer reports. President Richard Nohl, '62BAd, is running for re-election to that office. Richard G'Sell, '64E, and John Vos, '63, are contending for the office of administrative vice- president and Sharon Jeffrey, '63, and Thomas Brown, '63, are run- ning for the treadirer's post. There are no nominees thus far for the position of executive vice- president currently held by Per Hanson, '62. Hanson was nomi- nated for re-election at last week's meeting, but declined. There will be further nominations before the election tonight. Establish Committee A motion to establish a judiciary study committee will be submitted to the Council by Brown and Miss Jeffrey. It asks that SGC establish a committee to study Joint Judi- ciary Council, Women's Judic, Women's Panhel, Men's Judic, the Interfraternity Council Executive Committee, the three quadrangle judiciaries, women's dormitory ju- diciaries and the quadrangle house judiciaries. uThe group, which would replace the former SGC Joint Judiciary Study Committee would look into "procedural and substantive due process granted to those brought before any judiciary council be- cause of alleged violations." It would also study "theoretical and actual relationship of the judiciary councils to the offices of the dean of men and the dean of women, the Subcommittee on Dis- cipline and Committee .on Student Conduct of the University Senate and other administrative personnel involved with student conduct." Six Members According to the motion the committee would be composed of six members, two of whom would be SGC members. They would be appointed by the Council on rec- ommendation of the Interviewing and Nominating Committee. (These recommendations would be made at the meeting of Nov. 29). Robert Ross, '63, will move con- sideration of former member David Croysdale's motion on expression of student opinion which was tabled at last week's meeting. Ross's motion says that since the "off-campus issue" question was so important in- the recent SGC campaign, the Council owes it to the campus to discuss it. A motion from Steven Stock- meyer, '63, proposes that the Coun- cil study the status of higher education in Michigan particularly that of the University, and recom- mend action to the Constitutional Convention now in progress. dominated by the ruling Nacional- ista party. Macapagal had hit hard on the issue of corruption in government. Observers had predicted one of the closest presidential races in the history of this island nation. The latest tabulation 1:11 EST) gave Macapagal 2,216,246 votes to 1,601,591 for Garcia. The commission of elections said it expected a total vote of about seven million. To Prohibit Wartime Use Of. Weapons .- UN Comnmittee Seeks New Geneva Talks, Testing Moratorium UNITED NATIONS P) -Asian and African neutrals combined with the Soviet Union yesterday to push through two proposals at- tempting to limit the use of - clear weapons without the inspec- tion and controls demanded by the West. The defeat suffered by the West in the United Nations political committee is certain to be con- firmed by the General Assembly. Both resolutions passed by over- whelming margins. The drafts call for an end to all nuclear tests in Africa and urge all nations not to transport or store atomic or hydrogen bombs on ,African territory. The vote on this was 57-0, with 42 absteti- tions. Charter Violation They declare the use of nuclear weapons a violation of the, UN charter and a crime against man- kind; ask acting Secretary-Gen- eral U Thant to explore the posi- bility of convening an interna- tional conference to outlaw the use of nuclear weapons in war- time. This was passed 60-16 with 25 abstentions. Passage of these resolutions ended the committee's debate on nuclear weapons tests. Approved earlier were UN appeals for a re- sumption' of the Geneva test ban negotiations, for a voluntary mor- atorium on nuclear tests arid against the Soviet Union's super- bomb explosion last month, Votes of the Afro-Asian nations had been the decisive factor in all the resolutions. Holds Out The United States held out against the drive for a declara- tign against the use of nuclear weapons in any circumstances. United States Delegate Arthur Dean told the committee it would be suicide for any nation to give up its right to self-defense vol- untarily. Numerous W e s t e r n speakers also recalled that Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev had said modern wars are almost cer- tain to become nuclear conflicts. The United States also opposed the idea of an uninspected ban on nuclear tests and weapons in Africa. Connittee Hears.Report On 'U' Housing The Office of Student Affairs Study Committee yesterday spent the first of two sessions on con- sideration of University housing. Committee Chairman John Reed of the law school said the group heard a report from a subcommit- tee on a survey made of various living units on campus after con- sultation with representatives from these units. At its next meeting the com- mittee will continue the discus- sion. DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL surges ahead Deny Legality Of Communist' Speaker .Ban By The Associated Press The legality of a speaker ban imposed last month at the City University of New York was chal- lenged by six professors of consti- tutional law there.-, The ban, which forbids Com- munists from speaking on the university's campuses, was passed by the university's Administrative Council. "We take cognizance of the fact that the Administrative Council has been advised by legal counsel that college authorities are pro- hibited by law from permitting known members of the Communist party from speaking on college campuses," the professors said. However theyhquestioned the competence of the advice. They pointed out that a known Com- munist has addressed students at Columbia University and that the legality of this meeting has not been investigated. John R. Everett, chancellor of City University, said he would be "delighted ifthere are some 'good legal brains" able to point to a legally soundl reason to change the policy. Garcia's strength lies in the southern province of Bohol, and that vote was not expected until late in the counting. NUCLEAR WEAPONS: SANE Director Views Hazard By GAIL EVANSt SANE is an "organization by default," Donald Keys, program director of SANE Nuclear Policy, Inc., told a Challenge audience last1 night.{ through lobbies in Washington and at the UN and by pressure on congressmen from individual SANE groups. Since to Soviet Union resumed' testing, SANE's job has been made easier than it has been for some membership policy was announced because "Student SANE is sensi- tive about civil liberties," Keys said. However, he added that the two organizations are still affili- ated. In student movements Keys sees version of efforts from working toward peace. A serious attempt to develop bomb shelters creates a psychology of the inevitability of war, he added. SANE's policy on Berlin is that a plan for the' demilitarization of ............. ...........