Seventy-First Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS ere Opinions Are Free STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 rrutb Will Prevail" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. kY, NOVEMBER 5, 1961 NIGHT EDITOR: JUDITH OPPENHEIM be SGC Candidates...F 'NATION' ARTICLE: Peril in the American 'Warfare State' N PERSONS will be elected to Student rernment Council this week. On the basis blic press conference, individual platform. ents, and a personal'interview with each 13 candidates, we have divided them into nks. The order within each rank is alpha- * * * W E STRONGLY RECOMMEND these three candidates: SHARON JEFFREY would bring to the Coun- cil experience in student action and a clear comprehension of current issues, particularly on- and off-campus discrimination. Her ability to reach and stimulate people, and her capacity for work, should be useful both around the Council table and in committee work. While sometimes over-idealistic, she has insight and depth of understanding. ROBERT ROSS has keen intelligence backed up by comprehensive factual knowledge. He is widely experienced in national student organi- zations, and spent last summer at the Inter- national Student Relations Seminar. His work with the Committee on Membership Selection in 6tudent Organizations and wide-ranging contacts with campus leaders have given him an understanding of the problems of the Uni- versity.He has sometimes been impolitic in the past, but his energy, imagination and desire for Council action will make him a valuable mem- ber. STEVEN STOCKMEYER is a politically ex- perienced candidate who promises constructive, moderate "opposition" to Council liberals. He articulates his positions well and is effectively informed on current issues of relevance to students. He has an individualistic conception of the Council member's role, and a broad in- terpretation of the function of the Council and its leadership. WE RECOMMEND these three candidates, but with reservations: STANLEY LUBIN, after a year and a half of living down his freshman escapade, has emerged as an informed candidate specializing In the significant problems of the University judiciary system. He has a concrete suggestion for implementing each of his proposals, and balances his tendency to favor mass demonstra- tions "when all else fals" with a willingness to put considerable effort into more reasonable solution of student problems. KE NNETH MELDOWNEY gives a poor cam- paign impression, but has made some substan- tial contributions to Council since his election last April. His previous experience as a Daily senior editor has left him well-informed on University and national issues. Although some- times inarticulate and hasty, he has shown willingness to devote full time to Council and has a mature grasp of its history and potential. RICHARD NOHL is a surprisingly weak can- didate, considering his experience on Council. He speaks well, but his statements often lack substance. He has a fuzzy conception of what the Council has done and where it should be going, and has been ineffective as president. But he is capable of doing solid work, is genu- inely interested in the Council and has more practical student government experience than any other candidate. THESE FOUR CANDIDATES are poorly qual- ified for Council: THOMAS BROWN displays a reasonable, open-minded approach to problems, but has very little knowledge or experience. With more information on specific issues and a better-inte- grated conception of the University, he might be a solid addition to Council. But at present he does not appear ready to take on SGC responsibilities. RICHARD MAGIDOFF is a sincere and ap- parently intelligent candidate, but lacks knowl- edge of the University and has difficulty articu- lating his views. He seems only to represent the Voice platform, without also demonstrating particular merit or originality as a prospective Council member. FRED RIECKER, for a third-time candidate, is still weak on perennial campus issues, warm- ing over other people's stands from past cam- paigns rather than formulating new ideas. Although sincerely interested in Council, he is not prepared to offer concrete plans for imple- mentation even of his own proposals on aca- demic counseling and alumni relations. JOHN VOS is attending the University for the first time this semester. He has worked hard and well to inform himself on issues, but lacks the necessary understanding of the University context within which these issues nave devel- oped. In addition, he has been disturbingly inconsistent in his stands. This may reflect his personal growth during the campaign, but more likely, it is politically motivated-for he seems more interested in his own political advance- ment than in contributing to the University community. THESE THREE CANDIDATES are clearly unqualified: JOSEPH FELDMAN lacks experience and the knowledge, ability and interest to follow through on the issues he raises. In his major issue, im- provement of residence halls, he suggests aboli- tion of house governments because, he says, they overlap SGC-a statement which shows basic lack of knowledge about the residence halls and Student Government Council itself. He thinks that SGC should not have power to control student organisations. And he is ad- mittedly pessimistic about the Council's ability to accomplish anything. RICHARD G'SELL has a constricted and often uninformed perception of Council which indicates his experience in SGC's administra- tive wing has done little to equip him for office. He wants to provide more direct services to students, but might forfeit the larger powers of SGC through inaction. He shows scant un- derstanding of the philosophy underlying SGC, and evidences little capacity for growth if elected. He has hedged and backtracked in his stands on issues. LINDY LIMIHURG is confused, uninformed and incnsisterit. She asserts the University's right to impose arbitrary regulations on stu- dents, but insists that the Regent's bylaw on discrimination is an invasion of privacy. A chemistry major, she did not know the depart- ment's non-academic evaluation had been a recent Council issue. In her Daily interview she changed her stand on the membership selec- tion committee several times in one half-hour. * * * * OUR EVALUATION of the candidates is based on five qualities we consider necessary In a Council member: -Factual knowledge, both of the University and its students, and a conceptual frame- work within which these facts can be ordered. -Experience in student affairs, which is a rough measure of interest and an indi- cation of the knowledge which should be expected of the candidate. -Imagination in the formulatibn of new issues, depth of consideration given to issues already before the Council and re- sourcefulness in developing practical new solutions. -A clear vision of the Council and a broad andoptimistic interpretation of its po- tential. -Clarity and vigor of expression. THERE IS AN EXTREME variation in the quality of the candidates, as measured by these criteria. Most are only average; some are clearly inadequate. Only a handful are pre' pared and qualified to take the strong, con- structive action needed at this time. In the coming year, SGC may make decisions of some of the most important matters it has faced in its brief history. We urge you to choose carefully. -THE SENIOR EDITORS By PHILIP SUTIN Daly Staff Writer IN THESE DAYS of increasing tensions and continuous crisis, an important and frightening warning of military encroachment in the civilian life of the country has been sounded by Fred J. Cook in the October 28 Nation. In the issue-long article, "Juggernaut, the Warfare State," Cook cites former President Dwight D. Ei- senhower's farewell address as the clarion note of the danger: "We must guard against the ac- quisition of unwarranted influence ." . .by the military-industria complex," the former President warned. The development of this alliance is not new, but in recent months it has become much more domi- nant on the American scene. This unholy and possibly fatal combi- nation manifests itself in two ways-in an unyielding pressure, official and public, opposing any sort of disarmament; and in the activities of the far right with all its military trappings. * , , THE MILITARY ALLIANCE which pervades many facets of American life had its beginnings in the early days of World War Ir The war demanded a great armed force and a great indus- trial machine. To the army, in acute profes- sional dormancy between the two world struggles, this meant an op- portunity to vent the frustrations of twenty years of nothingness. With the energy derived from.an unhappy past, the army went about its work defending the United States, at the same time building up a huge political ma- chine. * * * THE ARMED FORCES found a welcome ally in the big business- men who came to Washington dur- ing the war. Seeing the prosperity inherent in a "permanent war economy," the businessmen Joined forces with the army which has consistently removed much of the civilian control over the armed forces. Cook quotes a 1944 speech by Charles E. Wilson, of the General Electric Corp. which explicitly sets this relationship: "First of all such a (prepared- ness) program must be the re- sponsibility of the federal govern- ment. It must be initiated and administered by the executive branch-by the President as Com- mander in Chief and by the War and Navy Departments. Of equal importance is the fact that this program must be, once and for all, a continuing program and not the creature of an emergency. In fact one of its obects will be to elim- inate emergencies so far as pos- sible. The role of Congress is lim- ited to voting the needed funds... "Industry's role in this program is to respond and cooperate, in the execution of the part al- lotted to it; industry must not be hampered by political witch hunts or thrown to fanatical iso- lationist fringe tagged with a 'merchant of death' label." * *. *. THUS THE TERMS of the alli- ance were set. In 1945 and 1946 the armed forces demobilized, against the provisions of the Se- lective Service Act of 1940 which required a ready reserve. A year later the armed forces began a campaign for Universal Military Training to, as Cook reports, "cre- ate a permanent and professional standing army of huge size on the Prussian model." A public relations drive was un- dertaken. The army boasted that it had "initiated a nation-wide public information program . The magnitude of the program ... is without parallel for any ac- tivity undertaken by the army in peacetime. The army enlisted 370 national organizations, 351 mayors of principal U.S. cities, 591 edi- torial articles in the nation's press, The Boy Scouts distributed fact sheets, and the broadcast in- dustry was persuaded to give a "patriotic hand." * * * THE MILITARY in recent years has invaded foreign policy, Cook charges, and is largely responsi- ble for scuttling disarmament ne- gotiations to date. As early as 1945, armed forces representatives acted as advisers to the newly- installed President Harry S. Tru- man, defeated a plan by Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson to direct- ly approach the Russians on atom- ic disarmament. Realizing that the means of manufacturing an atomic bomb was an open secret, he suggested that a direct approach to Stalin be made to "limit the use of the atomic bomb as an instrument of war and encourage the develop- ment of atomic power for peace- ful and humanitarian purposes." We. warned that a failure to undertake such negotiations would lead to an atomic arms race of "a rather desperate character." The Russians, meanwhile, re- jected the Baruch Plan for atomic disarmament and bided their time until they could bargain as an atomic equal. In 1949 they explod- ed their first nuclear device. * .* * , ALL OF THIS aided a Republi- can-sponsored "witch hunt" that began in 1948, Cook says. In this effort to blacken the Democrats as incompetents or traitors who let the Soviet Union gain Ameri- ca's atomic secrets, the military forgot about a publicity release, the Smyth report, which Col. Neb- lett, a president of a reserve offi- cers organization said, "goes on to tell in great detail the experi- ments with atomic piles, the de- velopment of uranium and plu- tonium, and finally how uranium or plutonium is triggered into ex- ploding by bringing together at high speed with two critical sizes of the metal. The book is replete with formulas showing how the atomic bomb is made and effects of an atomic explosion. "The Smyth Report is a great piece of work. The report is so complete in its details that any well-equipped machine shop which had some uranium could take the report and make an atomic bomb." Walter Millis writing in The Arms and the State, says, "The im- age arose of a vast and lethal fog of Communist conspiracy, in- filtration, espionage, and betray- al at work everywhere in the na- tional community . . . That this was seriously to distort the more normal processes of policy forma- tion in the military and, diplomatic field can scarcely be doubted. "Tightened 'security' measures were to divorce the public even further from participation in ma- jor policy issues, of which they might now be kept in almost to- tal ignorance." THUS IN RECENT YEARS, the United States has become, in Cook's words, a "warfare state." Military expenditures take almost 60 per cent of the national budget and have enmeshed the entire country in a war economy. '"One of the most serious things about this defense business is that so many Americans are getting a vested interest in it: Properties,' business, Jobs, employment, votes, opportunities for promotions and advancement, bigger salaries for scientists and all that Gen. Doug- las MacArthur admitted in 1957. It is a troublesome business . . If you try to change suddenly you get into trouble," ret. Gen. Doug- las MacArthur admitted in 1957. LAST YEAR Arthur Weisenberg, Inc., in a four-column advertise- ment in their investment report said, "As we shed the Welfare State and gird for the Garrison State, many great and far-reach- ing changes will take place in our society, government, industry and finance. These changes will hurt some and benefit others-as a- ways. You must be well prepared for them psychologically as well as financially." Such statements as these indi- cate the impact and control the military is gaining in American society. The welfare programs are opposed, trimmed, and sometimes defeated on the basis that they will cripple the expanding mili- tary machine. MANY AREAS of the country depend on defense contracts for their economic existence. Approxi- mately one fourth of all workers in the Los Angeles area are in- volved in defense industries and experts estimate that a 50 per cent cut in military contracts would create a minimum of 12 per cent unemployment. in 1959, Utah was sustained by the missile business when the ma- jor steel and copper industries were shut down by strikes. * * * THUS THE MILITARY enmesh- DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of The Univer- sity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3519 Administration Building before 2 p.m., two days preceding publication. SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 5 Events Monday Faculty Lecture: Hans David, Profes- sor of ~Music, will lecture on J. S. Bach's "The Art of the Fugue" on Mon., Nov. 6, 4:15 p.m. in Rackham Amphitheatre. Open to the general pub- lic. Composers Forum: Compositions by the School of Music's student com- posers, Arthur Hunkins, Walter Evich, Willard Brask, Gregory Kosteck, Rog- er Reynolds, and Philip Krumm will be performed by. soloists and ensembles on Mon., Nov. 6, 8:30 p.m., in Lane Hall Aud. Open to the general public wit+hmit+rharge. es itself in the economic and poli- tical life of the nation. It becomes. the vital concern of every com- munity that its military industries or bases stay and function 'at full efficiency. Bases are political bribery which bring congressmen around to the military view. Georgia has 19 bases and is getting a twentieth because the chairman of the House Armed Forces Committee, Carl Vinson, and the Senate Armed Services Committee head, Richard Russell, come from the state, Cook charges. * * * WITH THE PRESENT interna- tional crisis, the military have a favorable climate for propaganda. The American distrust of the rad- ical and his soluitions and pride in America are two attitudes on which the military has effective- ly strung its propaganda cam- paign. Using these ideological beliefs, the military has been able to hin- der disarmament negotiations. On May 23, Marquis Childs of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch reports Ar- thur Dean, the head of the Amer- ican delegation to the now de-, funct nuclear test ban negotia- tions, received a phone call from a friend, a head of a large adver- tising agency, in New York urging that the talks be broken off. When Dean refused, his friend criticized him for using the tax- payers' money. Since he was serving without pay and expense allowance, he was puzzled and decided to investi- gate. He found that his friend had been one of 200 advertising executives briefed by the Penta- gon on the "realities" of the test ban talks by Edward Teller, the "father of the H-bomb" and op- ponent to the talks. * * * SUCH PRESSURES both inside° and outside the government scut- tled the "moment of hope" in the 1955 London disarmament talks. For some inexplicable reason, the Russians reversed, themselves and accepted an American plan for disarmament, including inspec- tions. The iUnited States, how- ever, had the conference adjourn- ed and later proposed the imprac- tical "open skies" plan' instead. At that time, Donald A. Quarles, secretary of the Air Force, told a group of foreign air attaches, ac- cording to James Reston of the New York Times, that "the Unit- ed States was not thinking at all about a disarmament system in which everybody would disarm to the point where nobody would have sufficient power to wage a ma- jor war. THAT AMERICAN POLICY is dominated by this view is attest- ed by the United States' hedging behavior at the nuclear test ban talks, and the slow acceptance of complete disarmament as a basis of negotiation. The military domination of American thinking is also evident in the emergence of the radical right, Cook says. The military has worked hand-in-hand with ex- tremist right wingers in preaching the doctrine that "the American way of life is being systematically undermined by Communist fifth columnists and their 'stooges' who often operate under the guise of socialism, according to Colwell Phillips." They say that anyone who advocates social reform is a socialist and the socialist is a dupe of the Communist. * * * LIKE ALL WARNINGS Cook's is somewhat exaggerated. The sit- uation presented is real enough, but it does not seem as final as he states it. Even so, Cook's ar- ticle poses grave threats to the future of American society. There is an increasing threat of the far right mentality infect- ing the American people and cre- atifig another McCarthy era of fear and suppression of civil rights. A continued international crisis and the axiomatic corrollary of increased military activity could help bring this threat to reality. To meet this threat, liberals should demand that the extensive propaganda network of the De- fense Department be scrapped. it should alsot ask that the Justice Department investigate, the rela- tionship between former generalsi in major defense corporations and the Pentagon. ,The Justice Department should at the same time evaluate the junkets, costing millions of dollars which the Defense Department provides for prominent business and civic leaders. * * * THESE ACTIONS are first steps that could not only save the tax- payer's money, but also break up the alliance that enmeshes the country., This alliance also has grave im- plications for the peace groups. In any drive to attain complete dis- armament, they will have to reck- on with the role of the military in American economy, political life and big business, and its effects on the policy making process of the U.S. * * * COOK'S ARTICL is a timely warning. It comes at a point when the United States is embarking on new ventures of power poli- tics while the Russians explode a 50 megaton bomb as a show of strength. This more militant poli- cy of the United States, support- ed by the army and their far- right sympathizers at home, could well lead to nuclear: disaster. If the United States foreign policy is to take a more rational course, Cook warns, it is time to curb and destroy the military web strangling the United States. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Irresponsibility Charge Disturbing, Unjustified Indian Institutes-Too Late IT SEEMS VERY PATHETIC to see American educators working so hard preparing plans for a technical institute in India-knowing that it's too late to do it really well. Russia has already built one, and so have West Germany and Great Britain. Although the United States agreed to build one at the same time as the other nations, the American plans have not even been completed yet. England, Germany and Russia have been able to plan, construct and set into operation their technical institutes in the years since the agreement was made. Why weren't we? There is no plausible excuse for us but ineffi- ciency. - Usually inactivity on such projects can be blamed on the lack of funds. But not this time. The money was there even before the agreement for the Indian institute was made. DURING THE DROUGHTS India has suf- fered, the United States, along with Rus- sia, Great Britain, and West Germany, sent try, was to be used, the nations agreed, for the establishment of much-needed technical insti- tutes. RUSSIA went immediately to work, and so was given the best site, Madras. The West Germans and the British were given sites at Madras and Karaghpur, respectively. The United States, only sluggishly getting under way, was given the least desirable site, Kanpur, in the center of the declining cloth- ing industry. What was it, one asks, that held the Ameri- cans back so? What was it that the other na- tions had that the Americans did not? A single answer comes back-strong, enthusiastic leadership. UNDER THE GUISE of compiling the specifi- cations "in a democratic way," the Ameri- cans let precious time be lost in endless, undi- rected discussions of committees, conferences and assemblies. To the Editor: THE LETTER printed in Satur- day's Daily referring to John Taylor's attempts to have Stan Lubin removed from his post as East Quadrangle Social Chairman disturbs me greatly. What dis- turbs me most is Mr. Jenk's claim that Stan is an irresponsible per- son. Stan has been social chair- man of the Quad since early Sep- tember and has done an excel- lent job. He was co-chairman of the M-MSU Mixer Committee and the job he did left nothing to be desired. The success of the mixer was largely his doing. The work he is now doing on the "Snowflake Ball" is also excellent. 'As for the "foresight" shown by Mr. Taylor, I must set you straight. Never did Mr. Taylor object at any Council meeting to the appointment of Stan Lubin as social chairman of the Quad- rangle. Instead he went about ob- jecting in an underhanded man- ner and wrote letters behind the Council's back. Is this "foresight" or is it thoughtlessness? -Harold Zanoff, '62BAd East Quad Council Rep. Vote-Getter *.* To the Editor: THE FARCE which is SGC has now reached its final, conclud- ing act. Long ago in the course of the plot, candidates who were lure the student. All hopes of in- tellectual inducement have been long lost. It is a pity that this is so ridiculous for it would make a great tragedy. The comic fool now awaiting-the moment of his destruction has hastened this by accosting the student who is crossing the Diag with a horrendous, gaudy, Victor- ian pyramid gaily decorated with gray,green, red and yellow mat- ter. It looks more like an artifi- cial, aluminum Christmas tree than it does like an elections pos- ter. Does SGC believe that once it has offended our intellects through its absurdities, that it ,can redeem our love and support by offending our aesthetic sensibilities? Ob- viously; and we must conjecture that since SGC has given up all hope of conducting a sane cam- paign, it has plunged into the depths of the abyss which is its "intense inane." Our only conso- lation is that it will goon snow and that the wretched monstrosi- ty which adorns the Diag will see all of its gaudiness covered with a refreshing, pure, whiteness. We, as students, should, not sup- port any organization such as SGC which having succeeded in repuls- ing our intelects, has now decided to out-nauseate Madison Avenue by luring our sensualness into submission. Our horrified intel- lects must seize control over our sensual urges (which must also be A .nnrA llarAta that hnrr,-vn1R.nvr PREVIEW:- Bayanihan Reflects Varied Traditions BAYANIHAN-the Tagalog root of this word means "working to- gether," and this Philippine dance group acclaimed in the world's press for its skill and beauty will do just that Monday evening at Hill Auditorium. Coming on the heels of last week's concert of Indian music, the Bayanihan will bring another cross-section of Asian music to Ann Arbor. The program emphasizes the variety of cultural influences found in Philippine folk arts. From a ballroom scene along Spanish lines to primitive mountain tribal dance using fire on stage, the group will present Muslim, Polynesian and Christian styles of dancing, music, and costume, spanning a range of centuries of folk art development. The Bayanihan's skill and polish in performance is exceptional, considering the group was not formally organized as such until 1956. Originally an outgrowth of a rebirth of interest in native arts that started in the 1920's and grew after Independence in 1946, the Bay- anihan became a full-fledged performing group on the international scene with its appearance at the Brussels World's Fair of 1958, which attracted world-wide attention. At that time, Ed Sullivan first brought the group to America's attention through two filmed programs used on his television show. That year the first American tour was arranged by Presidents Garcia and Eisenhower, and the debut in New York followed. The group has visited countries from Spain to Israel to Thailand, and is currently on a 60-city tour of the United States. THE MUSIC, costumes, and dances of the company are extremely varied, reflecting the cultural traditions represented. In instruments, for example, one finds a Spanish-type group of plucked strings used by the Christian lowlands farmers, including several variants of guitars and zithers combined in an ensemble called a rondalla. The Muslim influence, on the other hand, shows up in the instruments of the Fili- pinos living in the southern islands. Here various sorts of gongs are prominent. The main instrument is the kulintangan, a series of eight gongs of graduated pitch, mounted on a wooden frame. It is backed up by drums made of animal hide covered by rattan. The mountain tribes use different 'sorts of gongs, and add such interesting instruments as the nose flute and the bamboo zither. Costumes also divide along cultural lines, although bright color and a free-flowing line seem characteristic of most Philippine dress.