THE MICHIGAN DAILY LECTURE: rtok Utilized Folk Sources COLLEGE CRISIS: Foundation Seeks Future Educators 4ARTHA MAC NEAL tmosphere of Hungarian music became Bartok's mother tongue even be- had developed his in- style, and it became the that style," Prof. Halsey of the University of California said. Stevens spoke Friday on k Influence on the Music 3artok," at Lane Hall. nusic of the 19th century, after the consolidation of major scales, sought to revitalize itself in a process that is still going on today. Primitive Scale Before that time, the primitive scale of two or three notes de- veloped into the five-note pen- tatonic scale of the plainsong. Russian nationalism in the lat- ter half of the 19th century caused Russian composers to turn to folk sources. However, Hun- garians of this time seemed un- aware of their folk music. Franz Liszt considered the peasant mu- sic a debasement of gypsy songs,. while in fact it was the gypsies who drew from peasant sources, popular tunes of the cities and obscured their nature in the gypsy interpretation, Stevens noted. When Bartok became involved in the Hungarian nationalist movement, he drew at first upon many non-authentic folk songs which were, in -his own later words, "trivial." Freed from Tyranny But in 1905, collecting folk songs as an ethno-musicologist seeking clues to national culture, Bartok began to feel the influence of this music in a way that "freed him from the tyrannical rule of major and minor scales. In their free and varied rhythms, the old modes had lost nothing of their vigor," Stevens emphasized. HALSEY STEVENS ... Bariok's music Bartok's compositions from 1907- 8 already show slight but dis- cernible contours and rhythms of peasant songs At this time, too, Bartok became familiar with the pentatonic phrases that Debussy had derived from music in Rus- sian cabarets. "Bartok set out to mine the re- sources of European folk music. He distinguished himself from the nationalistic musical stylists such as Beethoven in that they em- bedded the style of the country into their own, so that it did not greatly affect their own styles. The Hungarians were different; "emanations from folk sources created a totally new style," Stevens said. Three Categories In the unaccompanied folk song, harmonics are only implied. Ste- vens divided Hungarian folk songs into three categories which Bar- tok used: the old, the recent, and the mixed styles. The old, pentatonic style is characterized by a descending structure in that the first half of the song is higher in the oc- tave than the second. Words are isometric, having the same num- ber of syllables, and the rhythm gives each note equal value, which may correspond to the motions of the human body. Later, rhythms became adapted to rhythms ofj words or to stricter dancing pat- terns., The recent style shows a round- ed architectural structure involv- ing the repetition of verse forms. The scale is seven-tone hepta-° tonic. Tempo is more variable, and stlye is characterized by various° modes, such as the Dorian andl Aeolian. Highest Form The third stage is the highest composition form which contains original production is the most itual music without literal quo- tation from it. This mixed style shows the inflence of Czech, Mor- avian and Slovakian peoples. "Bartok made a dichotomy be- tween music based on folk sources and music characterized by orig- inal themes," Stevens noted. "He took over the unchanged folk melody, and provided harmonies for simple songs. New Folk Form Later the borrowed melody be- came secondary to what happened to it, so that the folk essence isl found in a new form revealing thet power of the artist..Only the art of formation can make something out of these themes.". "Bartok was a composer, per-. former and ethnologist, and more than all of these. His .useof Hun-1 garian peasant niusic was not bor- rowing but recreating. culminat- ing in art music of the highest level," Stevens concluded. '4' estrator for Land-Ho' iders Work as Education orking on the music, for an al music incorporating spir- tant education an orchestra- n get,", Robert James, Grad., ;strator for Musket's pro- m of "Land-Ho," said. )rk like this is on a level the artist can afford to mistakes, and yet can have usic heard. Waiting for pro- lal, experience would take years, An original amateur gives the .opportunity to a million different ways of ving, of evaluating all es. The . orchestrator can his music coming back at and can tell whether it is or .bad,. without having his depend on it," he empha- author of the script, Jack in, Grad., had written some for the production last and consulted James about is effects then. yen I got a definite idea of was to be done, and of the ranges and key of the music, ked on the orchestration all itions Available LSA Group Boning for the literary school 1g committee will open to- w. a petitions may be obtained 'office of Associate Dean H. Robertson of the literary and must be turned in by 15. Interviewing of those etition will. take place Nov. appointment. MISSING MOLAR-This prehistoric tooth from a mammoth was discovehred in a gravel pit in western Michigan. The mammoths, similar to modern day elephants, roamed the Michigan area during the Pleistocene period. Tooth from Pleistocene donated to U Museum summer," he said. "This semester, we have written scene change, music and other. extra music, and have' given the parts to a copyist' to copy them for each member of the orchestra." Complete Understanding Working with O'Brien "demand- ed complete understanding and respect for each other's ability. We never had the slightest prob- lem with that," James noted., James took the melodies for specific numbers for which O'Brien had written and organized har-' mony, established length, and util- ized suggestions for "color" ef- fects to point up specific hap- penings on stage. "Color" must be'considered very specifically because "the music is planned with a piano background. When the same music is trani- scribed for orchestra, completely, different effects and dramatic connotations may result," he said. Careful Consideration Balance must alsobe carefully considered because heavy" orches- tration may drown out a singer's voice. "One. of the. biggest problems, is setting up where a musical num- ber will come in the plot of the play," James said. "High points should not come too close to- gether. A scene and a whole act must be built to a certain drama- tic place,. "Musical comedy now shows much less definition in each musi- cal number. It used to be that action was followed by song, but now musical numbers tend to flow one into the other all through dramatic action. By HELENE SCHIFF A nine and one half pound, 11 inch-long tooth of a mammoth found near Watervliet, Michigan has been donated to the Univer- sity's museum of Paleontology. The tooth will be added to a Issue Permits To Remodel At 'U' Hospital Permits have been issued to the University Hospital for two re- modeling projects which will im- prove the facilities for patient care. In the first, an old cafeteria area is scheduled to be converted in an area for clinical research. The unit will include 20 beds and four laboratories. The construction is being paid for through a research grant, The second permit will be used for an expansion of the physical medicine and central service de- partments of the hospital. Part of the remodeling will include new construction. Physical medicine is the group which used to treat sore arms with liquid rinses. Since the depart- ment's -founding, however, they have made "tremendous progress" and will need extra facilities and space. The area will also incorpor- ate the occupational therapy divi- sion. collection of about 15 mammouth teeth that were found in Michi- gan, Miss Margaret A. Skeels, Grad., said. The mammouth is a large spe- cies of elephantdcomparable in size to a modern day African ele- phant. It roamed over this area in the late Pleistocene until be- coming extinct about seven or eight thousands years 'ago, she said. Mammouth in Washtenaw A similar mammoth tooth was found in Waslitenaw county in June, 1943 near Chelsea. There has been no evidence of the Jef- ferson mammoth found north of the Saginaw area, Miss Skeels added. The Jefferson mammoth is a species distinct from the wooly mamoth found in the Artie re- gions. The mammoth tooth was dis- covered by two men working in a gravel pit at the 120-foot level. The finders didn't know what the object was and Professor Claude Hibbard of the University was asked to examine it, Miss Skeels said. Mastedon Tooth The tooth is an upper right third molar, she added. It differs from a tooth pf a mastedon, an- other Pleistocene period animal which lived in the Michigan area, by its. surface which is smooth for grinding. A mastedon's tooth has cusps on its surface which en- abled it chew its food, she ex- plained. (Continued from Page 1) to get excited are those who are recruited for college teaching careers but don't quite make the grade as fellowship winners. They are encouraged to seek other help to get them started on their graduate studies. There are suprisingly few re- strictions on the fellowship win- ners. College Teaching They don't even have to promise to go into college teaching-only that they will consider it. They go to the graduate school of their own choice. Although the em- phasis is on recent college grad- uates or college seniors, there is no age limit, and no limit on the number of years the candidate has been out of college. The search for future college teachers has even extended to thousands just starting college. . Last August, Rosenhaupt sent letters to 38,000 high school grad- uates in all 50 states who won dis- tinction in the National Merit Scholarship competition. "You may like the life of a professor," Rosenhaupt told them, "and his continual search for knowledge and understanding, his daily contact with students, his freedom of movement and thought." If the idea was appealing, Rosenhaupt said, they should plan Hillel To Give Yiddish Skits "The Wise Men of Chelm," tales by Sholem Aleichem from tradi- tional Jewish humor, will be the theme of the 13th annual "Hillel- zapoppin' " to be presented at 8:30 p.m. Saturday at Hill Aud. The program, sponsored by the B'nai B'rith Hillel Foundation, will consist of skits given by five fraternities and sororities and an independent skit. Following the show, there will be a party at Hillel with refresh- ments and music by the Art Bart- ner Quartet. Groups participating in the pro- gram include: Alpha Epsilon Phi, Delta Phi Epsilon, and Phi Sigma Sigma sororities, and Phi Sigma Delta and Zeta Beta Tau frater- nities. The independent group is under the direction of Richard Benjamin, '63. Proceeds from the presentation will go to charity. i6 PROGRAM NOTES: Offer Music, Dances from Philippines SOPH SHOW Nov. 16-18 I .a GUYS AND DOLLS The University Musical Society will present "Bayanihan, Music and Dances from the Philippines," at '8:30 .p.m. tomorrow at Hill Aud., in the Choral Union series. * * * Prof. Hans David, of the school of music,. will lecture on "J. S. Bach's 'The Art of the Fugue,'" at 4:15 p.m. tomorrow in Rack- ham Ampitheatre. The University Players will pre- sent the second production ineits Playbill series, "Arms and the Man," by George Bernard Shaw at 8 p.m. Wednesday-Saturday, at Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre. Under the direction of Hugh Z. Norton, the cast is striving to mas- ter the levels of realism which Shaw presents. There are con- trasts in realism between char- acters (Bluntschli and Saranoff) and between social classes (the aristocracy and their servants). William Irvine, Professor of English at Stanford University and critic of, G. B. Shaw, has de- scribed the drama~ as "a polite play about revolution, a common- sense play about war, a realistic YDIAMENDELSSOHN THEATER TICKETS' 1.50 Thurs., 1.75 Fri. and Sat. OW -League Box Off ice TON IGHT at 7 and 9 Dostoievsky's "T HE IDIOT" with Gerald Phili e. Hedwiae Feuillere play about love, a fantastic play about realism." Tickets will be on sale from 10 a.m.-5 p.m. tomorrow and Tues- day from 10 a.m.-8 p.m. during the run of the ,play, at the Lydia Mendelssohn Box Office. * * * Students of the school of music will play works composed by other music students at 8:30 p.m. Mon- day in Lane Hall Auditorium. The program will include "Suite for Violin and Cello," by Arthur Hunkins. "Suite for Solo Viola," by Walter Everich; "Andante for Clarinet and Piano," by Williard Brask; "Sonata for Unaccom- panied Flute," by Gregory Kostek; "Sky" and "Four Etudes for Flute Quartet," by Roger Reynolds and "Four Pieces for Flute, Xylophone and Timpani," by Philip Krumm. The University Symphony Or- chestra will present "The Art of the Fugue," by J. S. Bach, at 8:30 p.m. Thursday and Friday in Hill Aud. Thursday's performance will. be a final rehearsal and offers an opportunity for the public to hear the work twice. Prof. Hans David of the school of music will con- duct and use an original orches- tration. He provides an ending for the last fugue which Bach left unfinished. The performances at Hill Aud. are the first in America. The Kingston Trio, the George Shearing Quintet, and comedian Ronnie Schell will appear at 8 pam. tonight at the Cobo Arena.' The school of music will' pre- sent studentsnstudying wind in- struments in a recital at 4:15 today in Lane Hall Aud. The Program includes "Cantabile and Presto" by Enesco; "Concerto for Oboe" by Goossens; "Sonata in G Minor" by Eccles; "Sonata Op, 167" by Saint-Saens; "Concerto No. 1" by Strauss; "Concertino" by Bozza; "Concertino" by Vidal; and "Introduction and Rondino" by Cook. The University television series "Family Living," will open with "Television and the Family" at 8:30 a.m. today on radio station WXYZ. Prof. George Kish, of the geography department, will open the series "Story of Italy" on the first program, "Land of Contrast," at noon today on radio station WWJ. The International Center is planning an international folk- sing at 8:00 p.m. today. A show- ing of a foreign film at 7:30 will precede the folk-sing. Violinist Yehudi Menuhin will play compositions by Beethoven, Ross Lee Finney, Debussy, Bartok and Paganini in _ his concert at Hill Auditorium, 2:30 p.m., Nov. 12. Bed Ch"itna Outlaw }}SA ""amOPROCUTE >< s ?.. h f ;. :;-O PA R~inG a fA~t' : :.I ::