Qs 191'

THEMICHIGANDAILY

Danger of War Hangs over Berlin Border

FIRST SHOT:
Saturn's Flight Succeeds

By RICHARD O'REGAN
Associated Press Staff Writer
BERLIN-For the moment, the
Berlin border situation looks like
a stalemate.
The danger of some sort of mis-
calculation is great, however. The
threat of war is bound to arise if
the Communists decide to resist
with force the American displays
of military strength.
Three time in a week the United
States has sent American soldiers
into East Berlin. Today, as yester-
day, jeeps with military police
went into Communist-controlled

territory while tanks waited. The
aim was to maintain a matter of
principle.
Western Access
The Western principle is that
access to East Berlin--even though
the East German Communists
claim it as their territory-actu-
ally is a war-won right of all vic-
tors over Germany. The United
States believes American govern-
ment personnel do not have to
submit to the controls of Com-
munist East German police.
The Russians argue that West-

ern principle is no longer valid.
The war is over, they say, and the
West must recognize the existence
of Communist East Germany and
submit to its controls.
The West refuses, because ulti-
mately acceptance could mean all
Berlin would fall into Communist
hands.a
Show Identification
'hBacking up the Soviet stand,
the East Germans have repeatedly
insisted that United States ve-
hicles with civilian passengers
must show identification to Com-

munist police before entering East
Berlin..
The Communist technique ap-
pears to be to insist on their own
position, to fall back when the
United States uses force, but then
to reassert their position again
immediately afterward.
In the past, the Americans have
agreed to submit to checks by Rus-
sian officers on entering East Ber-
lin. The Russians yesterday re-
fused to send an officer to the
checkpoint where the Americans
were held up.
Thus they kept out of the mat-

ter, but, at the same time, main-
tained their own point that the
Communist East Germans have a
sovereign claim to East Berlin.
If the West has to use armor
every time to prove its point, the
Communists in fact will have
sliced away the West's practical
right of free accessibility to East
Berlin. If the East Germans de-
cide to resist with force the move-
ment of American jeeps and tanks,
there could be a clash, perhaps an
exchange of fire.
The world then might face the
real danger of a nuclear war.


i


UN Approves Request
'Urging Reds To Cancel
50-Megaton Bomb Test

World News Roundup

Mongolians,
Mauritanians
Gain Seats
USSR To Disregard
Appeal by Assembly
By The Associated Press
UNITED NATIONS--The Unit-
ed Nations last night approved s,
solemn appeal to the Soviet Union
to refrain from testing a 50-meg-
aton H-bomb.
By a vote of 87 to 11 with one
abstention the> General Assembly
ratified a resolution submitted by
eight nations asking cancellation
of the big bomb test which the So-
viet Union said it planned by the
end of the month.
In other action Communist Out-
er Iongolia and the former
French African colony of Mauri-
tania were accepted with only
mumblings of opposition and seat-
.:ed yesterday as the 102nd and
103rd members of the United Na-
tions.-
The nine Soviet bloc countries,
Outer Mongolia and Cuba voted
against the test-ban approval.
Mali abstained.-
Just before the Assembly voted
Soviet Delegate Semyon K. Tar-
apkin indicated the resolution
would not be heeded.
Vetoes Appeals
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrush-
chev has turned down similar ap-
peals from European and U.S. lib-
eral groups.
Tsarapkin denounced the reso-
lution as "NATO's propagandist
arrow launched against the So-
viet Union."
"Nothing will obstruct the So-
viet Union in its efforts to
strengthen its defense capacities
or -in its efforts fr peace," lie
declared.
Stays In Session
But despite the Soviet attitude
the Assembly stayed in session to
complete action on the resolution
sought by Canada, Denmark, Ice-
land, Iran, Japan, Norway, Paki-
stan and Sweden.
They had introduced the reso-
lution a week ago in the Assem-
bly's political committee. It was
approved in committee last Wed-
nesday after a Soviet-led filibus-
ter failed to prevent the vote.
Earlier the Assembly gave quick
approval to a resolution calling for
a speedup of reports from UN ex-
perts on the effect of radioactive
fallout from nuclear tests. The vote
was 74 to 0 with 17 abstentions.
A resolution by Communist
Czechoslovakia that would have
expressed Assembly satisfaction to
'wait until next year for such re-
ports was defeated. Thie resolu-
tion failed to win the required two-
thirds majority.
Employment
Best in Year
The local Michigan Employment
Security Commission reported yes-
terday that employment is cur-
rently higher than it has been
since October, 1960.
By last Saturday the MESC was
processing just 315 claims after
placing 221 applicants on jobs
during September and 258 so far
this month.

By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON-The Republi-
can and }Democratic national
chairmen hurled fresh verbal
barbs at one another yesterday in
their running argument over
charges and counter-charges of
White House secrecy.
Republican Chairman William
E. Miller challenged Democratic
Chairman John M. Bailey to de-
bate the John F. Kennedy admin-
istration's information policies be-
fore any recognized journalistic
group.
Bailey replied that he would be
happy to accept-but only after
Miller turns his debate promoting
talents to the governor races in
California and New Jersey.
DAMASCUS - An official an-
nouncement yesterday said three
British Claim
East Germans
Deepen Crisis
LONDON (1P--Britain yesterday
accused the East German Com-
munists of irresponsibly inflam-
ing the Berlin crisis by seeking
to impose new border controls on
Allied officials.
The Foreign Office expressed
support for new United States dip-
lomatic moves to settle the dan-
gerous dispute. In Moscow yes-
terday United States Ambassador
Llewelyn Thompson visited the
Foreign Ministry to call the Rus-
sians to account for the haras-
sing actions of the East Germans.
With the tension rising in Ber-
lin the British government clearly
hoped to exert a restraining in-
fluence.
There have been reports that
Britain has expressed concern to
Washington that United States
policy of sending troops into East
Berlin may lead to shooting and
this could wreck chances of a
negotiated settlement of the crisis.
Similar advice to the Russians
is planned. Ambassador Sir Frank
Roberts flew back to his Moscow
post under orders to warn the
Russians of the risk of fighting,
informed sources said.

unidentified infiltrators were kill-
ed in an armed clash with Syrian
border guards while attempting to
cross the Lebanese frontier into
Syria Thursday at midnight.
* * *
WASHINGTON - Unusual and
unexpected public demand for in-
fluenza vaccine has caused a na-
tionwide shortage in the product,
the Public Health Service said yes-
terday.
The service said manufacturers
have produced twice as much flu
vaccine this year as in recent years
but still have been unable to meet
the demand.
* * *
GAINESVILLE, Fla. - Vice-
President Lyndon B. Johnson de-
clared last night that "good Amer-
icans" are unwittingly aiding the
Communists by planting "seeds of
doubt" about the loyalty of the
nation's leaders and the fairness
of its institutions.
Johnson, in a speech delivered
at a University of Florida dinner,
said the free world has the over-
whelming military strength to de-
feat the Communists-and will use
it in a showdown.
* * *
JAKARTA, Indonesia - The
United States turned over to the
Indonesian Air Force yesterday 50
military training planes to "aid
Indonesia's defense potentials."
NEW YORK -- The mightiest
fighting ship in the history of the
United States Navy, the aircraft
carrier Constellation, was com-
missioned into the fleet yesterday.
** *
DAMASCUS-Women in Syria
will have the right to vote and
run for Parliament in forthcom-
ing elections. The balloting will
probably take place in December.
BANGKOK-Gen. Maxwell D.
Taylor left by plane for Hong
Kong yesterday after a 10-day
fact-finding mission on the Com-
munist-threatened Southeast Asia
mainland.
NEW YORK-The stock mar-
ket erased a brief early advance
and declined irregularly Friday,
with the Dow-Jones Average for
65 stocks down .58 closing at
241.28.

-AP Wirephoto
SATURN FLIES HIGH--The Saturn booster rocket heads into its
course down the Atlantic Missile Range in its first test at Cape
Canaveral.
EXTRA FUNDS:
GovermentPl ans Cut
.in Defense Spendings

By The Associated Press
CAPE CANAVERAL-The mon-
strous Saturn rocket thundered
through a perfect maiden flight
yesterday and the United States
at last had the firepower needed
to race Russia to the Moon,
With a loud roar of its eight
engines, the world's mightiest
known booster rode 1.3 million
pounds of thrust to an altitude of
95 miles then dived back as plan-
ned to sink to the bottom of the
Atlantic 200 miles down range.
Kennedy Observes
President John F. Kennedy, who
has pledged. that Americans will
walk on the moon in this decade,
was among those who watched the
awesome blastoff of the 162-foot
long rocket on television. He had
no immediate comment.
Despite the complete success of
the initial flight, Saturn will not
soon erase the Russian lead over
the United States in booster
power. Under the present schedule,
it will be at least three years be-
fore Saturn is ready to hurl a
three-man Apollo' spacecraft into
orbit around the earth.
And it will be 1966 before the
rocket, which then will have a
thrust of three to four million
pounds, will be able to propel
Apollo into orbit around the Moon.
Evaluates Program
Yesterday's performance does
not mean that this program can
be accelerated, scientists said. It
is being held up by development
of the second stage.
The Saturn booster is larger
than most houses and so noisy its
sound can be detected almost 700
miles away.
Just to fuel the eight engines of
the huge booster requires 750,000
pounds of kerosene and liquid
oxygen
Only two holds while rocketeers
waited for clouds to clear away
kept the Saturn from blasting off
precisely on time after a flawless
10-hour countdown.

-AP Wirephoto
NEW MEMBER-The West Africa Republic of Mauritania, shown
by arrow, took its seat as the 103rd member of the UN yesterday,
further strengthening the already powerful Afro-Asian bloc.
Mauritania's first bid for membership was blocked by a Russian
veto last December.
Two ations Struggle
T Join World Council
By HARRY PERLSTADT,
Mauritania and the Mongolian People's Republic have had an
uphill fight for membership in the United Nations.
Last December a bid for UN membership by Mauritania was de-
feated by a Soviet veto in the Security Council. Soviet delegate Val-
erian Zorin previously had asked the Council simultaneously to take
up the UN admission of Outer Mongolia.
In April of this year the General Assembly voted to ask the Se-
curity Council to reconsider the applications for membership by
Mauritania and Mongolia. The applications were linked together de-

WASHINGTON (A) -- The Ken-
nedy Administration announced
last night it will not use $780
million in extra money voted by
Congress for more bombers and
other defense projects.
A defense department announce-
ment said, "The progress of the.
admirnistration's accelerated de-
fense buildup makes unnecessary
the use of additional defense funds
appropriated by the Congress.
The decision W!as made by Sec-
retary of Defense Robert ., Mc-
Namara with the approval of Pres-
ident John F. Kennedy, the an-
nouncement said.
A.
.:::


I

The extra money which Con-
gress urged upon the Administra-
tion was composed of $514.5 mil-
lion for additional B52 bombers;
$180 million to press development
of the B70 long-range, super-
sonic bomber; and $85.8 million
for the Dyna Soar rocket-aircraft
research vehicle project.

(Author of «I Was a Teena Dwarf' "The Many
Loves of Do (!jjja",etc.5

1

1 _ -----_

THE DATING SEASON
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available in soft pack or flip-top box in all 50 of the United
States and also Cleveland.

spite American delegate Charles<
Yost's claim that the arrange-
ment was a "package deal" for
simultaneous admission.
He charged that Mongolia was
a Soviet dependency and that the
United States would support its
admission when it could show the
"attributes of an independent
state."
Approves Membership
On Wednesday the !Security
Council did, in fact, approve the
admission of Mauritania and Mon-
golia and sent them to the Gen-
eral Assembly for final approval.
The Mongolian People's Repub-
lic has had similar set backs in
the UN. In 1956 it was part of an
18-nation package plan for UN
membership. But the Chinese gov-
ernment on Taiwan vetoed the ad-
mission of Mongolia in the Secur-
ity Council.
Becomes Independent
Mauritania, originally part of
French West Africa, became in-
depehdenthon Nov. 28 of last year.
Upon achieving independence,
Morocco, its northern neighbor,
claimed sovereignty over the new
nation
Mongolian People's ' Republic,
with its capital Ulan Bator, broke
away from Chinese domination
after the Chinese revolution of
1912. Soviet troops entered Mon-
golia and supported a revolution-
ary movement in 1924.
A Communist-run plebiscite in
1945 established nominal inde-,
pendence and it was recognized
by China in 1946. The govern-
ment on Taiwan has subsequent-
ly renounced this recognition.

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