Seventy-First Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Where Opinions-Are Free STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH.'* Phone NO 2-3241 Truth Will Preva" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. JRSDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1961 NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL HARRAH GUERILLA WARFARE: Modern Dilemma for Democracy 'U'Se'crecy Makes Sham' Of Democratic Procedure N RELATION to the University, the people Of the state of Michigan and the students at its greatest center of learning have as little political power as the voteless Negro populace in Fayette or Pike counties, Southland U.S.A. It is true enough that the citizens of this state democratically elect eight other citizens to serve as Regents of the University and con- trol its policies and operations. The students here have the opportunity-twice a year-to elect Student Government Council members to represent their views. This same group casts ballots for roved by eight men who represent the entire tate. There are only a handful of citizens, owever, who know what any of the Regents hinks of the plan. How can the citizens be expected to cast tn intelligent ballot for the re-election of any f these Regents when the majority of the ecisions are reached in a private "committee If the whole?" 'ONTIRARY TO THE REGENTS, Student Government Council holds the majority f its meetings in public session with fully rmed and uncensored Daily staffers observ- ng. Healthy and vigortus debate is often heard-except, of course, when the Council decides to move into executive session. The room is then vacuumed of "constitu- ents" and the corridors sealed off; the Coun- cil settles down for a long session unencum- bered by any responsibility to bind itself to report what motions are made, by what vote they pass or just how members vote. Here again, the pressures are put on the voting population to assay candidates and consider them for election and re-election. With a r'ampant number of executive sessions, the individual voter-unless he gets his hands on the few Council members Who don't mind breaking the sanctity of the closed proceed- ings-can't really make a proper decision on his Hare ballot. THE REGENTS and SGC, however, are pillars of responsibility when stacked against the secrecy of the actions of publications, athletics and Union boards. The council on athletics holds no open meet- -ings. 'The press is not allowed. The same is true of the Board.in Control of this newspaper. Minutes of the proceedings are not publicly distributed.. The Union board meetings are similarly closed to attendance by Union members. "Guests are invited" and these usually con- sist of the chairmen of Homecoming, Michi- gras, Musket, etc., some junior executive offi- cers and a Daily reporter. STUDENTS on the athletic board are usually top name sophomore athletes. Many do not have any particulari desire to serve on the board, but are picked by the controversial method of nomination by the team managers. A non-athlete who desires to run for the post must collect 300 signatures (more than for any other campus post) to be put on the ballot. Once on, he usually loses to the athlete's popularity And oft-headlined name. Former senior editors of the major campus publications traditionally become the nucleus of student membership on the publication board. They have a knowledge of the inner workings of the publications and (usually) a belief in editorial freedom for the press. What the members of these :boards do in the closed chambers of the conference room once a month, however, is a mystery to the students whose votes put them there. An elected position has lost its meaning when the basis for initial selection and later evaluation is dark ignorance. TRADITION also has it that the junior Union officers who don't seek senior posts run for the Union board's four undergraduate seats. The graduate students are dredged up from somewhere to fill the other two slots. One can assume that the undergraduates, at least, have a good working knowledge of Union opera- tion and an appreciation of its problems gained through three years of hard work. This does not mean, however, that the stu- dents who elect them have given them a free rein to act as they please on matters affecting the Union. The elected representative should have the right to speak and vote freely, but he carries the obligation to report his and the board's actions and ideas to the campus. Not all the student members, however, can claim intensive association with the Union. When a law student whose undergraduate days were spent off campus, a former IFC treasurer, and a Daily reporter whose only nonconsumer contact with the Union was a "beat" assignment lasting five months are serving as members, the people who put them in office have a legitmate right to question what ideas they bring into office (something which should be, but is not done in the pas- sive campaigning) as well as the right to know what these people (and the other mem- bers),do once they get into the confines of the Bates Room. THE QUESTION of open meetings is officially being discussed by one of these groups. The Union board has appointed a special com- mittee which began discussion yesterday on the feasibility of holding open meetings of the full board. This is a hopeful sign. The other policy formulating bodies must" examine the question and examine it closely, if they have any commitment to the process of a democratic etate, an order based on the notion of an intelligent and an informed voter. -MICHAEL OLINICK By PHILIP SUTIN Daily Staff Writer IN THE FRUSTRATION of the nuclear age, the nations of the world are turning to an old, but previously little used form of fighting-guerilla warfare. In the past, nations have at- tempted to solve their political problems and whet their territorial ambitions by using general war with its overtly disciplined forces.. But, in the shadow of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the major nuclear powers and their allies or agents have been forced away from gen- eral war and its atomic implica- tions. Korea was the site of the last major general war. Even that was strategically limited by the threat of atomic devastation-a threat which eventually rendered it a meaningless stalemate. The abor- tive Suez war was halted 'in ten days under the pressure of the United States and the Soviet Union which feared this incident might have lead to general, nu- clear war. ALTHOUGH the United States has been involved in guerilla war- fare since 1946,dit is just now realizing the military significance of the cold war deadlock. This year the United States Army es- tablished a guerilla and anti- guerilla warfare training center at Fort Benning, Georgia and re- cently brought Gen. James Van Fleet out of retirement as a special advisor for the center. Next to nuclear warfare, guer- illa warfare is the most terrifying and heartless type of conflict. It is a "total war" in the true sense of the word. In an attempt to control territory by terror, sol- diers fight in small marauding bands which strike targets and immediately seem to disappear in- to the populace. -AP wirephoto THE HUNT-South Viet Nam Marines attempt to flush out a guerilla band in the north of the South- east Asian republic. The Marines use ,American weapons and their training is based upon methods developed by United States Marines. BECAUSE guerilla warfare is so intimately tied to the citizenry of a particular country, fighting it presents important moral and ethical considerations. The guerillas care little for the lives of the populace. And in an overzealous attempt to suppress them or in frustration caused by failure, the loyalist forces are led to commit similar atrocities. Thus the non-combatants are caught in a terrifying and some- times fatal squeeze. Guerilla warfare is a long de- bilitating process in which the combatants hope to win by pick- ing up the pieces of an exhausted nation. No government attacked by, LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Needles Test: Unwise Precedent? To the Editor: THE HEADLINE in The Daily (October 24) "Needle Test Merit Seen by Haddock" was 'com- pletely misleading. Many astronomers, including myself, have at various scientific meetings expressed the fear that putting 350 million wire needles in orbit will set a precedent and will be used in the future as an excuse for an experiment, includ- ing an enlargement of this one, that would interfere or damage astironomy or other science. I am not in a position to judge its overall value as a communications scheme, but speaking as an as- tronomer, I can see no merit in this Needles experiment. In the interview I tried to give both sides of this controversial experiment and correct a common miscon- ception that this particular test belt will seriously interfere with astronomy, radio or optical. -Prof. Fred T. Haddock Rstronomy Dept. Free Speech . . To the Editor: JT IS NOT the function of my- * self or the organization which I represent to continue the dis- tressful Arab-Israel conflict on the local scene. However, in re- gard to a letter to the editor on October 24 from four obviously Arab students, I feel itis my duty to clarify a few points. Just because the Arab students in particular and the ISA in gen- eral did not feel it was their posi- tion to discuss the Syria-Egypt split, does not mean that a group of American students, in the coun- try of free speech, do not have the right to comment on a situa- tion fraught with international implications. In questioning Nasser's next move, the objective, like that of so many political commentators, was to ascertain whether or not the Arab countries, especially Egypt, would create another world crisis to worry us in these al- ready over-troubled times. Sarabeth Richman, '62 National Vice-President, Student Zionist Organization Sour Grapes? .. . To the Editor: IN REGARD to Thomas Rogers' letter, I have this to say: the sad part about any contest, is that everybody can not win. -Aaron Grossman Homecoming Displays Co-chairman Buckley.... To the Editor: 1 BELIEVE that one can draw an analogy between The Daily's infantile editorial on William. Buckley, and the tears of a spoiled child who has been scolded for his wrongdoing. -Barry Litvin, '64 (Letters to the Editor should be limited to 300 words, typewritten and double spaced. The Daily re- serves the right to edit or withhold any letter. Only signed letters will be printed.) guerilla warfare' has used demo- cratic means to, suppress it. In the mildest incidents, whole popu- lations are moved without their, consent to relocation camps - which at times contain the worst abuses of concentration camps. In harsher incidents, civilians have been tortured to gain in- formation on the guerillas or their suppliers. Especially 'in Algeria this has led to cruel deaths. * * $ COMMONLY, armies impose themselves on the populace with little thought of protecting it. The plight of the Vietnamese woman in The Ugly American who has seen her family killed by the Viet- minh and her home burnt out by the French accurately dramatizes the. problem. Often the army "guards" a vil- lage by day and withdraws to a safety position at night leaving it open to enemy attack and ter- ror. A great moral problem involves the handling of prisoners. As hu- mans and soldiers they deserve de- cent treatment under the Geneva Convention, yet many have been tortured for information or merely for spite. Critics of the Algerian War, for example, have exposed French prison camps as equal in brutality to those of the Nazis. * OCCASIONALLY, a guerilla war is used as a vehicle to impose military dictatorship oin a coun- try as was accomplished in Laos and is being attempted today in France. ( In Laos, the army under Gen. Phoumi Nosovan, inflamed a new guerilla war to justify Phoumi's coup d'etat of the compromise neutralist. government. Later he overthrew another government us- ing the same rationale. In France a similar situation exists. President Charles de Gaulle came to power on the-basis of a military coup over the Fourth Re- public's failure to solve the Al- gerian war to the satisfaction of the army,. Three times since, army elements have attempted to over- throw de Gaulle and observers say they are on the verge of a fourth. SUCH ARE THE major ethical and moral considerations Ameri- can experts 'must consider when involved in guerilla warfare. As Lt. Col. T. A. Harris, head of the University ROTC says, the best way to fight guerilla warfare is to understand it. Yet this does not mean the army should neces- sarily adopt its ethics. If the U. S. is to remain true to its ideals-as it must-the new training pro- gram should also research effec- tive, more democratic methods to wage such warfare. The Army should not be the willing dupe of a dictatorship in- terested in entrenching its power on the excuse of a guerilla war, The conduct of the fight in South Vietnam indicates that the United States is helping President Ngo Diem Dien tighten his autocratic hold on the country. Unfortunately, guerilla-trainer' Van Fleet does not share this viewpoint. Last summer he visited. Korea where he is considered a military hero. While there, he expressed great praise and ad- miration for the Korean military junta which is ruling the country. He claimed that underdeveloped' nations were not ready for demo- cracy and that military' rule such as that of the junta was the best Jorm of government for such coun- tries. * * * THIS ATTITUDE, aside from being against American principles, will not win friends in any area where the Army is likely to give its "aid." It may keep a dictatorial government in power, but it will win few friends among the people --those who will actually deter- mine the outcome of the fighting. As the anti-Rhee revolution and the attempted coup against Diem shows, the masses of Asia are growing restive of military rule. Unless a better alternative is of- fered, these people may favor the Communists as the lesser of two evils. Thus the Communists could win the cold war in Asia. Unless the United States makes a firmer com- mitment to democracy in fighting guerilla warfare, it may find that it will be loser in the long run as the people select Communism in desperation. Democracy is too valuable to be thrown away like that. Labyrnth In 'rial HE CURTAIN of the Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre parted last night to reveal the dark, symbol-laden mind of Franz Kaf- ka. In that mind we were intro- duced to emotional stimuli: some of them with names, some with- out. Racing through these stimuli, first' with some confidence and finally with abject mindlessness, is Josef K., a white rat of a man searching for the solution to the very labyrinth in which he finds himself trapped. There is no solu- tion. Indeed, any solution would render the whole tale meaning- less. The curtain closes when K. reaches the last of the stimuli- death. The play is, of course, taken from the novel by Kafta. The Playbill presentation is the sec- oild anywhere, thus affording a new experience. It is not a perfect play. The use of a narrator (well handled by Edward Cicciarell is clumsy and unconvincing, and some scenes are overly long for their purpose. Aside from this it is a faithful stage-replica of the novel. The production has been tail- ored to fit exactly the needs of the script. The set suggests the labyrinth of K.'s mind, leaping from level to level. In an amazing array of dovetailed lighting, the many scenes of the play move ef- fortlessly from one to the other. ** * THE LARGE CAST (37 parts) literally flows around the figure of Josef K., a lead role that in- volves much stamina as well as the usual demands on an actor faced with German expressionism. Richard Levy not only proved hini- se 'totally adept, but with this performance establishes himself as one of the finest male actors on this campus since Nafe Katter. His range of emotions is shatter- ingly great, and Levy gives each one directly to his audience - clear, forceful and, above all, with the sincerity that marks much of his acting. One could hardly im- agine a more mature, professional performance. It would be an injustice to sin- gle out performances from a large cast that obviously has been work ing with an ensemble concept in mind. They meshed with accuracy, and though they are, as char- acters, almost stock figures, they gave the impression of a frighten- ing wax-museum that K. finds im- possible to communicate with. However, among all of them we should say that Paul Chapel, Dor. othy Doe, Cynthia Beerboht, Herbert Propper and Carl Schurr were especially memorable. Except at the end, the sound was almost inaudible and achieved little effect. It was perhaps the only' technical flaw. -Barton Wimble Savat~g? A GROUP of students at the re- recent National Students' As- sociation gathering was horrified when William F. Buckley referred to Congolese insurrectionists as "semi-savages." We we'e equally horrified to come across a news dispatch short- ly thereafter, mentioning that Ba- luba tribesmen In the Congo re- cently killed and then ate two British soldiers serving with the Katanga army. -Arizona Republic BOMB TESTS: Why No American Student Reaction?9." Answers By GAIL EVANS Daily Staff Writer THE SOVIET announcement to test the big bomb-2,500 times more powerful than the one drop- ped on Hiroshima-was heard around the world last week. Tues- day, the Russians detonated a 30- megaton superbomb in the Arctic --the biggest explosion in history. Many American student leaders cannot understand why the ini- T IS A CURIOSITY of our time that the only country really preparing itself for uclear destruction is the peace-loving United tates of America. In explaining why no similar henomenon has captured the Russian imagi- ation, pudgy Mrs. Nikita Khrushchev gave ur own shovel and pick men the best answer o their grand illusion: "There is no defense in a 'nuclear war. 'herefore we are not building any bomb helters. We are not getting ready." -H. M. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN tial declaration, the scheduling of the 50-megaton blast and, now, the exploding of ,the superbomb have failed to instigate student reaction as was exhibited in oth- er countries-notably Britain and Canada. In explanation, Mike Miller, of- ficer of SLATE, the liberal stu- dent group which was banned from the Berkeley campus of the University of California last June, suggests "the simple fact that the American peace movement is sim- ply not as big as the British or Canadian movements." He also points ot that Russia's initial announcement came before students had returned to universi- ties and colleges,-"a time when it is very difficult to organize dem- onstrations." Of course, this does' not explain the lack of protest to the more recent actual detona- tions. * * *, PAUL POTTER, national affairs vice-president of the United States National Student Association, rea- sons that the American goal in demonstrations is to achieve some. direct moral or political results. Certainly, moral protests against a country ringed by an iron cur- tain will not bring significant change. "In fact, the resumption of tests nouncement. For example, SLATE staged an open air rally earl in September. Also, a resolution con- demning both the United States, and Russia for the resumption of testing was passed by SLATE's general assembly. Now the resumption of nuclear testing is history. Students and the public in general have been. simply stunned, first by the an- nouncement and then by the se- ries of tests spiraling in power to the probable 50-megaton blast peak. And there are those who attribute the student inaction to apathy and a failure to recognize a role of responsibility in world- wide affairs. But it is more probable that students just came to realize that present peace demonstrations are simply not' effective because mem- bership is too small and organiza- tion too incomplete. Perhaps, stu- dent leaders should concentrate on Frevamping peace movements to make them more effective. This 'is what Voice's peace 'project inw tends to do. HOWEVER, even small demon- strations do serve a useful 'pur- pose by calling attention to the problem. Students can also bring pressure to bear upon policy- makers through publications - a more sophisticated form of-direct action. But, although demonstrations can raise issues, they cannot solve them or alleviate the causes of tensions. In fact, often demonstra- tions are a back-door approach to world problems. Instead of having active students spend a majority of their time and efforts Critic of the Press SSISTANT FBI DIRECTOR Cartha D. De- Loach has asked members of the American 'ness to "lift their green eye-shades" and be- ome more vigilant against Communist infil- ration of their profession.' He further charged hat some newspapermen "supposedly giving he reading public unbiased news, accounts nd infiltrators into legitimate newspapers are pewing forth a stream of vilification which as the effect of helping to weaken our foun- ations of security."' publications going around that the FBI might consider dangerous, but their political affilia- tions are quite clearly labeled so that anyone reading them knows what they stand for. In fact, if anything is really wrong with much of the American press it is weak- mindedness and unwillingness to take a stand on anything more controversial than the in- stallation of parking meters downtown and whose total societal involvement is to back safe Republican candidates. 'The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of The Univer- sity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3519 Administration Building before 2 %.m., two days preceding publication. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 26 General Notices Regents' Meeting: Fri., Nov. 17. Com- munications for consideration at this meeting must be in the President's hand not later than Nov. 7. Please sub- mit twenty-one copies of each commu- niication. The Student Locator Service (NO 5- 4491) will be discontinued as of 6:00 p.m., Fri., Oct. 27. "Etruscans and Latins in the Sixth Century B.C." will be discussed by An- drew Alfoldi, Prof. of Roman History, Institute for Advanced Study, Prince- ton, New Jersey, on Fri., Oct. 27 at 4:15 p.m. in Aud. B. Biological Chemistry Lecture: Dr. Pe. ter M. Ray, Ass't. Prof. of Botany,,will speak on "Cell-Wall Biochemistry and Plant Cell Growth" on Fri., Oct. 27at 4:00 p.m. in M6423 Medical Science Bldg. Coffee in the Department Li- brary. M5410 at 3:30 pa. Astronomy Department Visitors' Night: Fri., Oct. 27, 8:00 p.m., 2003 An- gell Hall. Stephen P. Maran will speak on "The Space Between the,. Planets." After the lecture, the Student Observa- tory, fifth floor, Angell Hall, will be open for inspection and for telescopic observations oof Jupiter, Saturn, and double star. Children welcomed, bait ;' : >