THE MICHIGAN DAILY Not this: a student who studies drowsily no matte how much sleep he'gets. This! Perspicacious... sharp! N&Diz keeps Yom awa ke ad al~rt-safelyl i find studying sometimes soporific (and who doesn't?) the word I nember is NoDoz@. NoDoz alerts you with a safe and accurateS nt of caffeine-the same refreshing stimulant fee and tea. Yet non-habit-forming z is faster, handier, more reliable.' keep perspicacious during study and s--and while driving, too- 's keep NoDoz in proximity. e stay awake tablet--available everywhere. Another fine product of Grove LaIberatse*ss OPRGT(} 1981: .W COCACOL~A t C~OANY. CCACOA ANDfl COKE Panel Shows, Soviet Market Development By DEBORAH BEATTIE "The Soviet Union is like a huge supermarket in the sense that everything is being put under one, roof, the roof being the Com- munist political system," Prof. William B. Ballis of the political science department said in a pan- el discussion on Russian trade and economy Friday. , Participating with Prof. Ballis on the panel were Prof. D. Mayn- ard Phelps of the Business Admin- istration School and Prof. Peter" Rosko of the Flint Branch. Prof. Phelps reported evidence of a tremendous economic move- ment in Russia. "I have never seen so many things half done. The situation is similar to a small child trying to eat all his candy at once," he said. "Since 1953 there has been a: slow but perceptive improvement in the economy. Until then it was really a subsistence economy, but; it is now progressing to an econ- omy of abundance, from a market oriented economy to a production oriented economy," Prof. Phelps said. The Soviet Union is now using advertising and extending credit as is habitually done in the United States. Phelps predicted that in 10 to 20 years the market will be operated as it is in the West. In theory the Soviet Union is now in transition to Communism. But it has been forced to make: certain concessions in an attempt to bolster agricultural and indus- trial production. Although some capitalistic in- centives such as private plots for farming and higher salaries have been provided, Prof. Ballis pointed out that the Soviet Union oper- ates by stick as well as by carrot. Serious punitive measures are taken for failing to work or for damaging machines, for instance. "It is to be remembered that the Soviet Union is built upon Com- munist ideaological objectives and most of the economy is organized with these principles in mind," Prof. Ballis said. t i E i 1 l i l f 1 1 i i 1 i -Daily-James Keson LOVE SEAT-Apparently no violations were detected by city police, the infamous sign placed on the amatory niche outside Betsy Barbour dormitory has been removed. PLAYS CHECKERS: ew Faster Compiter mi ITrii/E /Xp By NEIL COSSMAN An extensive study by members of the social work school and the sociology department is resulting in better ways to determine the effects of juvenile correctional in- stitutions. The study was most concerned with the practices and goals of the institutions. The institutions, in their attempt to rehabilitate de- linquent boys, used methods rang- ing from strict discipline to clini- cal therapy. Each year more than 3,000 de- linquents are sent to such institu- tions. Seven different institutions, both public and private, and varying in size from 40 to 400 boys were included in the study, Prof. Robert D. Vinter of the so- cial work school said. Discover Effects Through direct observation, questionnaires, study of the insti- tutions records and reports and interviews with the administra- tors, the staff and the boys, the research group has discovered the effects achieved by various types of institutions on their clients. The study revealed four criteria for measuring effects: institution- al goals, gratification-deprivation balance, staff-client relations and permeability of boundaries. Prof. Vinter considers institu- tional goals the most important of the four criteria. The most limited institutions seek only to maintain order, security, and conformity, while the most ambitious attempt real changes in the boys' person- alities, attitudes and behavior, he explained. The gratification - deprivation balance involves the material or social rewards and punishments available. Some institutions pro- vide a minimum level of life for the boys but subtract from this for misbehavior. Other institutions, however, of- fer many rewards and privileges as attitudes and behavior im- prove, Prof. Vinter said. Here a boy has much to gain dnd little to. lose. At one extreme of staff-client relations, the boys are handled Barbourous Sign VIEW METHODS: Group Studies Juvenile Institutions i routinely and uniformly in large groups, are subject to tight re- strictions, and receive little per- sonal contact from the staff. The other extreme "emphasizes treatment in smaller groups or as individuals, a greater amount of choice and freedom within the program, and friendly yet 4irm contact by the staff, Prof. Vinter explained. The extent to which boys may cross the physical and social boun- daries of the institution is re- flected in the fourth criteria. While at some places the boys their release dates, at others there never leave the grounds until are occasional trips, visits home and outside jobs or schooling. Visits Counted Also measured by this criteria are the frequency of visits by fam- illes, the use of community volun- teers in the program, the amount of service for the boy's relatives and the follow-up services that help a boy adapt to the commu- nity after his release, he explained. As Prof. Vinter and his staff de- veloped and applied these four measures, they were able to group institutions into several distinct classes and to predict the insti- tution's effects on boys. They found that the changes' an institution achieves in a boy's attitudes and behavior are more an outcome of the institution's own arrangement than the boy's individual characteristics. Boys in different institutions are far more alike in terms of age, race, I.Q., psychological make-up and types of offenses, than the research group expected. Prof. Vinter said that an insti- tution's pattern of operation is the major factor in helping a boy change so that he will give up de- linquent behavior. Similar find- ings have been obtained through parallel research in adult prisons. The results of the study are be- ing used as guides in training in- stitutional executives and social workers and improving the opera- tion of correctional institutions, he said. Largely supported by a grant from the United States Public Health Service, the study is di- rected by Prof. Vinter and Prof. Morris Janowitz, formerly of the sociology department and now at the University of Chicago. Other University faculty in- volved in the research are Charles Perrow and David Street of the sociology department and Rose- mary Sarri of the social work school. 4 10 I itepiaceJ By ANNE SCHULTZ Normal operation is expected to begin soon for the University's new IBM 709 Computer which will replace the two-year-old IBM 704 Computer. The new machine is faster and more efficient than the old, Prof. Bernard A. Gallen of the com- puting center said. The difference lies primarily in the input-output control. To the user, however, there will appear to be little difference be- tween the two computers, he ex- plained. The new machine will read the Michigan Algorithm De- coder (MAD) language as the oth- er did. It will also read two other languages in which programs may be written. "With this newer," faster com- puter, the computing Center plans to expand its schedule of about 6,000 jobs per month," Prof. Gal- ler said. The cost of running pro- grams will increase to $400 per hour. This will make the average student problem cost around $7- about one minute of computer time. Sixty per cent of this cost is underwritten by IBM's Educa tional Contribution Program and the other forty per cent by the University. The computing center staff in- cludes graduate students and Uni- versity staff members plus a few full-time operators. Some of these are assistants who provide help in the writing and debugging of programs. Others are responsible for the operating system and lan- guage translators, such as MAD. Computer techniques and opera- tions are taught to students of Math 373 and Math 473. This year, 111111 7U41 FU' Receives NSF Grant yet that refreshing new feeling with Coke! tled under authority of Ann Arbor Coca-Cola Bottling Company Coca-Cola Company by Ann Arbor, Michigan rom the Wonderful World of Knits The. National Science Founda- tion has awarded the psychology department with a $60,000 grant to remodel and extend its research facilities in Mason Hall, Prof. Ar- thur W. Melton of the psychology department announced yesterday. These funds will be used to re- model existing laboratories and nearly double the number of indi- vidual research rooms for gradu- ate students and staff members, although no new floor space will be allocated them. One-third of Mason Hall's third floor and the half of the basement which have been too damp to work in in the summer will be rebuilt for year-round use, he said. the combined enrollment of thesec classes is almost 650. The IBM 709 will also be used7 in over 90 other courses, not as a subject of the course, but as a tool to obtain results for' the course. Faculty members, govern- ment and industry-sponsored per- sons will also use the computer for their research. The new machine has some of1 the talents of the old one. But' the 709 plays a better game of checkers than the 704 and also whistles Big Ten fight songs. FacultyStaff From Regents The Regents accepted 10 re- quests for leaves of absence at their meeting Friday. They granted Prof. Halvor N. Christensen, chairman of the bio- chemistry department, a sabbati- cal leave from Sept. 1, 1961 to Feb. 1, 1963 to research at the University. Ruth A. Floyd, a medical librar- ian, received sick leave until Nov. 1. Sick Leave Prof. Kenneth K. Landes of the geology department was given sick leave from Sept. 14 to Oct. 7, 1961. The Regents granted Raymond, E. Lewkowicz of the Institute of Science and Technology leave un- til June 18, 1962 to complete his doctoral dissertation. Prof. Floyd C. Mann of the psy- chology department received a leave until Jan. 31, 1962 to serve as a visiting professor at the University of Washington. Cambridge Studies Prof. Donald J. Merchant of the bacteriological department was given a leave for the first semes- ter of the 1962-1963 academic year, to study at Cambridge University in Great Britain. The Regents gave Prof. James N. Morgan of the economics de- partment assignment to off-cam- pus duty from Feb. 1 through July 31, 1962, to develop research de- signs in economic and behavioral problems. Prof. Bernard Naylor of the pathology department received leave from Nov. 15, 1961 to June 30, 1961 to join the staff at the Papanicolaou Cancer Institute in Miami. Request Sick Leave Helen H. Wild, a public health librarian, was given sick leave from Sept. 18 to Oct. 23, 1961. Prof. Walter S. Wilde of the physiology department was granted off-campus duty without salary in the first semester of the 1962-1963 academic year and sab- batical leave the second semester to study- at the Physiology Insti- tute of the University of Gottingen in West Germany. f Y :} i ; Since 1908 Student Supplies MORRI LL'S 314 South State Street Open 8 A.M. for your convenience Pon 5-9'141 "',' mom x W,, am MM 4 TYPEWRITERS- ALL MAKES Standard, Electric, Portable BOUGHT REPAIRED SOLD f N / , ;, :. s << t ><;