Mc om b-A (EDITOR'S NOTE-The writers were In Jackson, Mississippi and Atlanta this(weekend and attended strategy meetings of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee staff.). 8y JOHN ROBERTS Editor and FAITH WEINSTEIN Magazine Editor Mississippi is a state in siege. In all the areas of segregation, Mississippi has held out longer than any other state in the union. Direct action-sit-ins, protest marches, picketing-has been methodically crushed. The pattern was most dramatically demonstrated in the Freedom Rides this summer, when more than 300 persons were jailed almost as soon as they dis- embarked from their buses. Resistance is bitter, but they-struggle has begun. Last week news of one battle echoed North-when 114 students walked out of Burgland, Negro High School in McComb, Mississippi, and were summarily arrested by police. That walkout was a flam- boyant event which masked a less public but far more crucial revo- lution-the Negro voter registration project, centered in McComb and run entirely by students. Students 'are running the McComb' project and, indeed virtually every action program in the South, partly because they want to and partly because they have to. The enlightened public favors their cause, and, perhaps, gives moral support. The adult integration movements -NAACP, CORE, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference- raise bail money and supply lawyers.' The United States Justice Department, in a shadowy and not at all public way, helps whenever it feels it can. But, for the most part, the fight is being waged by students. Ranged against them are a resolutely anti-integration public, a battery of legal obstacles, a state pledged from top to bottom to resistance at any cost, and a tradition of Negro oppression which dates back hundreds of years. ew' Focus fo The major student organization in the South is the Student Non- Violent Coordinating Committee; and it is SNCC which has taken up the battle with Mississippi. SNCC started out as a communications group connecting various segments of the Southern student move- ment. Last July, SNCC turned to voter registration as a project, hired a staff, and set up somewhat dangerous housekeeping in McComb, cen- ter of Pike County, a rural area in Southern Mississippi and prob- ably the most determinedly anti-integrationist area in the South. Start Drive On August 7th, 1961, Robert Moses, a Negro schoolteacher and a member of the SNCC staff, came from New York. He and several other SNCC people set up ;three schools in the Pike County area- schools where they could teach the local Negroes enough about the Mississippi constitution so they could pass the test required for voters in that state. It wasn't ever an easy job. Moses and his group canvassed from door to door, precinct by precinct trying to talk the farmers into coming to classes and attempting to register. Some were indifferent, many were afraid. He held mass meetings, spoke at the local Negro churches, published a newsletter, "The Informer," ran classes, ac- companied people to the registrar. The most interested single group was the student body at Burg- land Negro High School. The students turned out in force-to help canvass, to come to meetings, to do what ever they could. The drive was met with hatred and violence. On August 15th, Moses was arrested between Liberty and McComb. On August 25th, he was beaten uplin Liberty, by a white man who attacked him in the middle of the street, in full sight of the sheriff and the sheriff's deputy. On Sept. 7th John Hardy, another nmember of the SNCC staff, was pistolwhipped by the registration clerk in Tylertown, and then arrested r the Southern Strugg and put in jail. SNCC staff member Travis Britt had been beaten two days earlier. On September 25th, Herbert Lee, a Negro farmer who was attend- ing Moses' voter registration classes, was shot by State Representative Eugene Hurst, his next door neighbor. The coroner's jury ruled the killing self-defense, but attendance at the voter registration classes dropped sharply. One hundred thirteen Negroes have been registered since the be- ginning of the program, all of them in Pike County. The SNCC leaders admit that it will be a long, long time before anyone will be allowed to register in neighboring Amite or Walthall counties. Direct Action By the end of summer, the, voter registration drive in Pike County had become entangled in another movement. The direct action wing of SNCC, represented by Marion Barry, had arrived in McComb, and set up the Pike County Direct Action Movement. Barry organized sit-ins at, the local Woolworth's and the bus depot-using primarily the students from Burgland Negro High School who were already helping Moses with voter registration. On August 30th three students, Brenda Travis, 15, Isaac Lewis, 20, and Robert Talbert, 19, were arrested in the McComb bus depot on charges of breach of the peace and failure to obey orders to move on.. They stayed in jail for 28 days. Last week Miss Travis and Lewis tried to re-enter Burgland High, and were refused admittance by the principal and the superintendent of schools. The Burgland students threatened a mass walk-out in sympathy unless the two were accepted. They were turned down. On October 4, 150 of them walked out in the middle of Chapel to the SNCC office-above a grocery store in the local Masonic Temple-where the staff gave them placards and instructions in the technique of non-violence. They then marched on into down- town McComb. Downtown, quite a crowd had formed, including the McCc police force. On the steps of City Hall, the students heard speec and began a pray-in, The police moved in and arrested 114 persc including three SNCC leaders. Moses and several others spent the night in jail, after students under the age of 18 had been released in the cust of their parents. A CORE representative, Thomas Gaither fr Jackson, brought money from the NAACP Legal Education E Defense Fund, and put up bond for their release Friday. The SNCC staff members were taken to Atlanta for spe strategy meetings. Brenda Travis went back to jail-this ti for breaking probation rules by participating in the Burgle march. Public Support So far, the SNCC staff has been fighting a lone battle-w little public support from anywhere. But the mass arrests 1 week prompted Martin Luther King to send a telegram to Attor General Robert Kennedy protesting the "reign of terror" in P County. An official in Washington replied that "for about two weeks Department of Justice has been investigating incidents in the I Comb area, including those referred to by the Rev. MartinLut King." For example, John Doar, a member of the department's c rights section intervened in the trial of John Hardy, asking U.S. I trict Judge Harold Cox in Meridian, Mississippi, to stop the heari Doar said that the arrest, which followed Hardy's attempt to regis Negroes in Tylertown, violated the Civil Rights Act of 1957 because criminal law was being used to hamper voter registration. Cox refus and Doar has carried his fight to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appe in Montgomery, Alabama, where it is still pending. In addition, FBI agents joined in the investigation of the c See RESISTANCE, Page 2 YR'S AND {CON-CON See Page 4'' 41w&iAa :43 a t I RAIN, WINDY High-75 Low-50 Partial clearing by afternoon, fair and warm tomorrow. Seventy-One Years of Editorial Freedom VOL. LXXII,,No. I' ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 11, 1961 SEVEN CENTS SIX P Voice Party May Initiate Peace Pl'!an To Back Three SGC Candidates By GAIL EVANS A campus-wide student peace movement may soon be initiated by Voice Political Party to get students to use their potential po- litical power in the field of peace and-war. immediate support for Kenneth MacEldowney, Richard Magidoff and Robert Ross as Voice candi- dates for the November Student Government Council elections was also approved by Voice last night. "We're going to move peace on this campus," Robert Ross, '63, said. The project, proposed by Ross, aims to utilize potential sources of peace, information on and off the campus such as the Conflict Resolution Center and the Student Peace Union to form an ever increasing nucleus of student actuaries for peace. A sub-committee of about 15 students was formed to study the roblems of instigating the move- ment. Tentative plans, once this pilot group has the necessary background, include a Voice For- um, advocacy of an "undergradu- ate, interdisciplinary, credit course in peace and disarmament," and student articulation for peace on the national level. The main problem facing the committee is to determine how to raise issues in a community and then to do it. The committee is attempting to define areas for ac- tion and to find ways to fight suet apathy. studenuh study of present and Trough' i- past peace movements and avail- able literature on disarmament Voice hopes :to prepare students capable of presenting alternatives, issues and timely actions. AEC Reports Underground Nuclear Test By The Associated Press The Atomic Energy Commission announced yesterday that a nu- clear test of low yield was con- ducted urnderground at the Com- mission's Nevada test site. The test is the third announced by the United States since it re- sumed underground blasts a few weeks ago. However, the 'American Broadcasting Co. has reported that the United States hs carried out a series of unannounced under- ground nuclear weapons tests: Forbid Speech By Communist SGC TO MEET TONIGHT: May Ask Membership Data By JUDITH OPPENHEIM , Motions on fraternity and sorority membership statements, non-academic evaluations in the women's residence halls and exec- utive session procedure will face Student Government 'Council at its meeting tonight. A motion by Brian Glick, '62, and Women's League President Bea Nemlaha, '62, would instruct the Council president to send a 'letter to all affaliated groups which have not yet submitted to the Office of Student Affairs ,required state- ments interpreting their member- ship selection data in compliance with a regulation passed by SGC last December. Time Limit The letter would say that the Committee on Membership Selec- tion in Student Organizations has asked for a time limit of Dec. 1, after which groups failing to sub- mit the required information would be penalized. It would express SGC's hope and assumption that the groups in- volved would soon submit the re- quired statements of their own initiative and in good faith with- out forcing SGC to set a time limit. Glick and Panhellenic Associa- Postpone Vote On Fraternity At Wisconsin The University of Wisconsin faculty vote to suspend Phi Delta Theta fraternity from the campus for violation of the university's human rights policy was last week postponed for one month. At Cornell University action has been recommended against dis- crimination in sororities' alumnae recommendation system. Wisconsin's faculty Student Life and Interest Committee has rec- ommended immediate suspension of the Phi Delta Theta chapter. NSA Suggestion The Senate of the National Stu- dent Association at Wisconsin re- cently passed a resolution suggest- ing that the fraternity be given a year to remove its discriminatory policy. The November faculty vote will determine the fate of Phi Delta Theta at Wisconsin. The fraternity has been under fire for its national constitution which states that members must be "socially acceptable to aill other chaaters." This automatically ex- cludes Jews, Negroes and Orientals from membership, the fraternity's national magazine reports. Three Proposals The Cornell Commission on Dis- crimination has issued three pro- posals on the sororities' recom- mendation system, by which most national sororities require that an alumna of alumnae grout recom- mend a student before she can be pledged. The Commission advised that tion President Susan Stillerman, '62, are proposing the motion on executive sessions. It would estab- lish additions to the Council's operating procedures. The motion provides that at the close of each executive session the council will report out all motions and amendments, the number of Club Debates Nlew Building The University Club, a faculty organization, is discussing the pos- sibility of constructing separate quarters for themselves, Prof. Charles A. Sawyer, chairman of the University Senate Advisory Committee said Monday. However, as yet no building site has been selected and no architect consulted, Prof. Sawyer said. Since 1938 the University Club has been meeting in the Michigan Union. A lounge with an adjacent library, a recreation room and a lunch room have been set aside for the use of members. When the University Club was first -established in 1911, the Re- gents granted it use of the large room on the basement floor of Alumni Memorial Hall. About a year later a prospectus was prepared, calling for the con- struction of a University Club building on property near the cam- pus. Plans and specifications were drawn up by an architect. However when their request for financial help was refused by the Regents, the proposal was dropped. Finding the facilities in the Memorial Hall inadequate, the club sought and obtained permis- sion in 1936 to have space set aside in the addition to the Michigan Union. OSA Study Group Holds Discussion The Study Committee on the Office of Student Affairs discuss- ed general group philosophy and methods of obtaining information from residence halls at its weekly meeting yesterday. Council members for, and against each motion, abstentions if mem- bers ask to have them recorded and any roll call votes taken. Report Criteria The Council would also report out the criteria used in judging all applicants for positions being filled. A similar proposal failed last week. Assembly Association President Sally Jo Sawyer, '62, will move that SGC express its disapproval of the non-academic evaluations used in the women's residence halls to the Office of the Dean of Women. Coll ee Tells, Demonstrator To Quit School The president of Jackson (Mis- sissippi) State College yesterday suspended a student for his part in "certain student demonstra. tions" that have "made it im- possible to operate the college peacefully." The suspended student was Walter Williams, a history and political science major at the all- Negro institution. Williams was president of the Jackson State' student body last year and is ac- tive in the local Jackson Non- Violent Movement. Last spring, to protest the jail- ing of several students who had staged a sit-in at a segregated li- brary, Williams helped organize a student march from the Jackson State campus to downtown Jack- son. That march was broken up by police. Yesterday's action by the college president, Jacob L. Reddix, follow- ed his dissolution Thursday of the Student Government Association on campus. In a memorandum addressed to the faculty, staff and student body, Reddix stated that "the leadership of the Association has not only taken actions that are actually illegal, but they have em- barrassed departmental heads and administrators to a point border- ing on gross insubordination." Pass Rules, Name Heads At Con-Con Appoint Pollock, Debate Secrecy By The Associated Press LANSING - Michigan's Consti- tutional Convention adopted 70 rules yesterday under which it will operate while rewriting the state's basic law document - but side- stepped momentarily the issue of secret committee meetings. Prof. James K. Pollock of the political science department was named chairman of the Declara- tion of Rights, Suffrage and Elec- tions Committee while Michigan State University President John A. Hannah took the chair on the Legislative Reapportionment Com- mittee. Alvin Bently, of Owosso, was named chairman of the Edu- cation Committee. Re-Apportionment President Hannah's Committee, dealing with the controversial sub- ject of legislative reapportionment, has 21 members, 14 Republicans and 7 Democrats. The two-to-one membership ratio was imposed on all committees. A rule defining the powers of committees was sent back on an 89-50 vote for further study.' As proposed, the rule said that committees may hold public hear- ings at the seat of the convention and may be authorized by the con- vention to hold public hearings any place in the state. Remained Silent The rule, however, remained silent on the question of whether committee chairmen would have the power to call closed-door exec- utive sessions, either on their own, by a vote of the committee mem- bers, or with approval of the con- vention as a whole. In explaining the rule, the Ar- rangements Committee Chairman, Richard Van Dusen (R-Birming- liam), said his understanding was that by not mentioning open meet- ings it was implied that chairmen would bring to the floor any re- quest for executive sessions. "The committee would have to have awfully good reasons for doing do," Van Dusen said. "The committee would ask for executive sessions at its peril." Communist Officials 0,Optimistic over Beri After Talks with Allie, OPTIMISM-Two Communist bloc officials expressed optimism over the Berlin crisis yesterday in meetings with Western officials. Andrei Gromyko, left, met with British Prime Minister Harold' Macmillan and Secretary of State Dean Rusk met Polish Foreign Minister Adam Rapicki. Warn West Not To Send German Police. to Berlin BERLIN (P)-East Germany's Communist regime last night told the West that attempts to bring West German police into West Ber- lin by air or land would be considered aggression and met accordingly. The East Germans meanwhile extended military service terms and engaged in the biggest-ever maneuvers around Berlin. The warning regarding West German police was in a' note by the East German Foreign Ministry directed to the United States, Britain Wand France. It was released by Pair Claim Hopeof Ed To Problem Gromyko-Macmillan, Rusk-Rapacki Talks Reach Same Ends By The Associated Press Two Communist foreign minis ters' yesterday expressed opti mism on the solution of the Berlir crisis after separate talks 'wit] United States and British polic: heads. Soviet Foreign Minister Andre Gromyko said a peaceful solution of the crisis is possible, but "no everything depends on the Sovie Union, after his meeting witl British Prime Minister Harol Macmillan. Poland's Foreign Minister Adan Rapacki expressed similar hope for a solution after, meeting wit] United States Secretary of Stat Dean Rusk. The State Department made n comments on the talks. Gromyko, flashing smiles and V signs, told reporters after' a 1. hour-and-40 minute meeting wit: Macmillan that "everything mus be done, to avoid collision." The 'Soviet foreign ministe seemed to reporters here rarel so approachable or confident. Bu British informants said this pub lic posture of Gromyko was les. evident during the meeting wit. Macmillan. The informants said Macmilla: warned him that any aggressiv Communist action against Wes Berlin or interference with Allie( access to the city would creat grave dangers. Macmillan stressed that Britai: stands solidly behind the Unite States in its determination to de fend western interests in Berli: and Germany. Berlin was the only subject dis cussed, the informants said. "The same ground was covered, the British Foreign Office an nounced later, as that covered it Gromyko's talks with Presiden John F. Kennedy and Secretarl of State Dean Rusk. MSU Students Lack Housing Airlift Four To West Berlin BERLIN (AP)-The United States Army yesterday rescued four more East German refugees by helicop-, ter from the tiny isolated com- munity of Steinstuecken. SPUHLER, ANGELL: Scientists, Humanists Must Communicate the official East German news agency (ADN). The note referred to West Ger- man plans to send traffic police to Berlin to relieve West Berlin police already burdened by bor- der duty along the 25-mile Iron Curtain dividing the city. In the past the Allies have nev- er taken note of such communi- cations. A spokesman for the West Ber- lin city government of Mayor Wil- ly Brandt said no West German police have arrived in Berlin yet. "But we don't think that bring- ing 40 to 50 traffic policemen to West Berlin will increase tension in our city any more than the re- cent visit of some traffic police from Paris." A group of international police experts, including, several from Paris, visited the city last week. The Communists made no mention of them. An East German decree extend- ing services in the armed forces by six months was published on the inside pages of East German newspapers. The announcement By BARBARA PASH The three major problems in the modern world are the H-bomb, the population explosion and the lack of industrialization in large areas of the world, two faculty members agreed last night. To solve these problems, there must be communication between the two major intellectual schools-the humanists and the scientists- Professor Robert Angell of the sociology department and James N. Spuhler, chairman of the anthropology department said last night in the Student Government Council Reading and Discussion Seminar. The discussion was based on C. P. Snow's book, "Two Cultures." r~;~m " -