I "Look, I'm Being Conciliatory - Now Don't Go On Being Stubborn" 1jr'AEtrligatt Eat Seventy-First Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Where Opinions Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Truth WillPrevail" STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH.' * Phone NO 2-3241 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. DAY, OCTOBER 8, 1961 NIGHT EDITOR: JUDITH OPPENHEIM The 'Free Press:' Methods of Deception, IEPUBLICAN National Chairman William E. Miller stuck his neck out again Friday, and laimed that the Kennedy administration has ttempted to use newsmen as propaganda pipe- nes. Miller's assertion is tenuous in the sense lat the Kennedy administration is hardly the rily governmental body to follow such prac- .ces. It is a fact, contrary to, what Miller may ay publicly, that the background briefing, the se of "informed sources" and favoritism to- ard certain reporters have been long-time Vashington customs. One of the best examples 'as Franklin Roosevelt's euphemistic instruc- .on that he was ofte to be quoted only as a high White House source.", Whether it be on the national, state, local or iniversity level, the "leak" is a law of life. ther laws include the suppression of some, iformation, and favoritism toward reporters. HERE ARE several reasons, good and bad, 'whyinformation is manipulated in such ashions. I Honesty Among Thieves [HEN PRESIDENT JOIN KENNEDY gave reluctant approval this week to a bill xtending the National Defense Education Act, e was not at all happy, about the .inclusion n the bill of the non-Communist disclaimer ffidavit that college students have to sign efore qualifying for a loan. Kennedy's feelings on the subject have long een known. He feels that any real Com- aunists would have no hesitancy about per- iring themselves in taking, a loyalty oath or ffidavit, and that the presence of an affidavit ill not keep them out of the program. The affidavit would, however, keep out of he program non-Communists who object to aving to take an oath to affirm their loyalty o the United States. Thus Kennedy feels the ath is discriminatory and subversive. For two more years educators,'administrators ,nd students will have to put up with what he President of the United States has termed a meaningless, unenforcible procedure that dds greatly to the cost of administering the rogram without making any real contribution o national security." -R. SELWA 1) An official desires to hide some embar- rassing fact and so attempts to leak enough information to send reporters on a wild goose chase. Or, more dangerously, the officials will ingeniously take reporters into their confidence, in return for a promise not to print, or to mini- mize. I 2) An official has a point of view which has been overlooked in policy determination. He wants his say, and the best way is often to have it appear in print credited to a "high admin- istration source." 3) An official disagrees with a policy line, and desires to disassociate himself with it. He leakts his own view, which gets printed in the form: "Reportedly, the Secretary of Offense has vio- lently disagreed with his chief." 4) An official, like Chester Bowles, wants to save his job, and gets a propaganda campaign started in his behalf. 5) An official honestly wants reporters to be informed of what's happening so they will be in a position to write more intelligent stories when they get hard news. 6) An official wants to send up a "trial bal- loon" to test public reaction to a new program. Governor Swainson's early revelation of his tax plan last year is a good example. OF ALL THESE REASONS, only the fifth has general validity. The sixth can be honest enough, but it hardly bespeaks political courage on the part of the unnamed official. But the more general mode of misinforming the public takes the form of releasing no infor- mation at all, or so little information that no accurate public judgment may be formed. This kind of maneuvering compromises the nation's ideal of a free and informed society. Even if most people won't understand and properly interpret news, good or bad, it is still necessary to circulate relevant, non-military in- formation because the few people who will un- derstand must know. SUCH TEMPTATIONS should be avoided by public officials, though it is unrealistic to expect that they will do so. Rather, the burden, is on the reporter to ensure that the correct and full information is being released. A reporter has an obligation not simply to, print something to print it; he should be sure' his story is full and fair, and that he is not being used to mislead. Chairman Miller can attack the administra- tion if he wishes, but in reality his condemna- tion is of the so-called free press. -PHILIP SHERMAN City Editor ./'.. \. - _ - - ° - « y "v r ,1 r R' ' . 7-s; -a y}A ,, , r, , x; ter. *f -a . ' y ; y ' iJ 7fi : . i ' : . _' , h {S" rk: y a .r p' ,_ a. - T " i fir .X i R .. f . M'pLe .y ' _uv7r r AT THE STATE: A Canticle, Half-Realized " HE TRAPP FAMILY" dimly projects human qualities not often marked on' the screen and seldom recognized by the living. Maria Trapp's memoirs, "The Story of the Trapp Family Singers," provided the material for this unpretentious, German-made film of special courage and love. In 1936, a spirited and devoted novice in a convent in Salzburg, Austria-Marie (Ruth Leuwerik)-is sent by the Mother Superior, and called by the will of God into the world to teach the seven chil- dren of Baron Von Trapp (Hans Holt), a widower and distinguished captain in the Austrian Navy. The Baron is a reserved and handsome I*.f4 . t- Lo{ gentleman - not the chewing, swearing mariner as a postulant might suppose. HOWEVER, his system for child-raising is modeled upon naval rigor: the seven children en- ter to meet their new teacher, in rank and dressed in sailor suits, summoned by blasts on a boat whistle. Fraulein Maria's contrasting philosophy that "children should not group up unhappily" employs a 'more persuasive rhetoric of love and music. Soon the children ac- quire play-clothes, a natural free- dom, and the art of singing. The "crew" comes to love their teach- er as does the Captain, and mov- ing marriage rites take place in the Catholic Church. The Baron placed his wealth and person against the rising Nazi Movement, so the Trapp family moved to' America in 1938. Their capital consisted of voices and repertoire of doubtful enter- tainment value, and a faith in God: "When the Lord closes a door, he knows there is a window open for us." * * * ON\ TOUR, the going is hard for the Trapp Family Singers un- til they discover (in Stowe, Vt.) that the liturgical songs of Pal- estrina and Scarlatti belong at the end of the program. "Oh,, Susannah," performed in leider- hosen a'nd delivered with German accent is a great opener. Success brings the family a new home and life with something of the old Austrian flavor in Ver- mont's Green Mountains. "The Trapp Family" was made in the 'fifties; yet it has an old- world quality not attributable to its age or the fair condition of its frames and sound track. English dialogue is dubbed in with un- fortunate effects: lines revealing characterization that is not very penetrating ring banally. THE ALPINE TUNES are sung in German; they have a pleasing simplicity if the listener can rise above the boy soprano. Also-col- orful scenes of Salzburg and the Baron's estate. "The Trapp Family" is hardly the canticle to Divine Providence that Maria Trapp might have hoped for, but the children are delightful, and Ruth Leuwerik propects something of the beatific. -Peter Mallery Happy TODAY nothing is as important to this' nation as the need to relax the ,emotional tensions of our people. We have been "stand- ing firm" so long now with fingers frozen on nuclear triggers that our national nerves are frayed and jagged. And they might well be, for in the past no great nation that mobilized ever demobilized until after a war. I think it is high time we began to challenge the Soviets creatively, with imag- ination. It is time we take the of- fensive for peace. Thii challenge must, of course, rest on two points: 1)- The free society of Berlin must be preserved. 2) Access to Berlin must be guaranteed. * * * BUT this is not enough. I be- lieve we can do much to improve the whole European situation. I would start by taking the Russians up on their slogans. They have suggested a zone in Europe free of nuclear weapons-and have of- fered a disarmed central Europ(% All right-let us see if this is what they mean. They have offered to take nuclear weapons out of East Germany, Poland and Czechoslo- vakia in exchange for a denu- clearized West Germany. Such a zone, free of nuclear weapons, would provide a huge cushion of space which would allow a mo- ment of reason before the ultimate irrationality of total war. FINALLY, if we were to link a denuclear zone with a second stage of withdrawal of. foreign forces from the zone, we might well be- gin the retreat of the Red Army from Eastern Europe and thus initiate tlie opportunity for real freedom in this area. Within the context of this chal- lenge, the formalities for settle- ment of the Berlin and East Ger- man crisis would fall into place. I see no future in standing rigid- ly like wooden soldiers glued to a board. Let us take the offensive for peace. -Rep. Frank Kowalski (D- Conn) in the House, Sept. 25 31 f FINLAND'S DILEMMA: TTY, FREEDOM: co ncert of Nations 'T HE* TROUBLETODAY is that the Com- munist world,.understands unity but not liberty, while the free world understands li- berty but not unity. Eventual victory may be won by the first of the two sides to achieve the synthesis of both." Spanish philosopher Salvador de Madariaga' thus states a major problem facing Western statesmen today, that of coalescing diversity into unitly to better concentrate the strength of he West against Communism. On a larger scale, this is a classic problem facing democracy: How does a free society, with all of the stresses and strains liberty can generate, prevent these centrifugal forces from crippling the society? THE SOVIET UNION is marching away from Communism in the most direct manner: a slap in the collective face of Marx and Engels. Moscow has announced that the second stage of its Five Year Plan to abolish income taxes has gone into effect. The government abolished taxes on workers earning up to 60 rubles a month (four Ensians) and cut taxes 40 per cent on incomes of 61 to 70 rubles a month. The "Communist Manifesto," however, de- mands "a heavy progressive or graduated in- come tax" as the second of 10 specific measures to be taken for the realization of Communism through governimental action.. THE UNITED STATES government Friday held a coming-out party for its brand new income tax form 1040 printed with bigger type and on higher quality paper. The Soviets are moving away from, the Manifesto. The United States is installing means to make the Manifesto's recommenda- tions easier to implement. Thus, the John Birchers faced with an, American more communistic than Russia, can only say that Communism is "the most primi- tive form of society; found in practice only among savages, dimwitted creatures who have nothing that is worth owning anyway." They are called loyal. -M. OLINICK One way democracies have handled the prob- lem is by circumscribing liberty with boundaries and ground rules recognized by the citizens as the responsibilities that liberty entails. In a strong democracy, citizens share certain values and interests which strengthens the commun- ity embrace, preventing liberty from degenerat- ing into anarchy. A RKANSAS SNATOR J. William Fulibright argues in the October issue of Foreign Affairs that the free nations must develop such a "civic sense" to acquire the unity needed to formulate coordinated and concentrated policies needed to stymie Communism.' The "free world," Fulbright thinks, must play the cold war game against its relatively monolithic enemy as a "concert of nations," harmonizing their activities to better focus the effort. What Fulbright is seeking is neither narrow chauvinism nor expansive and, at least for the present, idealistic supranationalism. He sees politics as "the art of the possible." While recognizing the United Nations as a "symbol of our aspirations" for a strong in- ternational authority. to inhibit the world's suicidal tendencies, he says world order is not within our capacity to impose. WHILE CONTINUING to work toward the t logic of a powerful UN, we must realize with Fulbright that the world is not always logical' and that we must guard against its irrationalities with safeguards. Such a -safe- guard, as Fulbright sees it, is to "devise pro- cesses more modest in their aspirations, ad- justed to the real world of sovereign nation states and diverse and hostile communities." A more unified effort against Communism by the free nations through tle available machinery of the UN, NATO, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and other agencies is the prescription Fulbright writes. The machinery is there; it's the community spirit to operate it that is missing. As Fulbright says, "Such a com- munity falls far short of the stable world order we desire. Its merit is that it represents .. . n~~ n nn n m rr .tt1 f'f1P 'F tY kP BTrap pe By JAMES NICHOLS1 Daily Staff Writer NIKITA Khrushchev frequently presents to the world a beauti- ful picture of Russia and the democracies of the globe living and working together in "peaceful co- existence" to the benefit of both. One tiny democracy, for compel-' ling geographic reasons, has been coexisting with Russia to various degrees for centuries, and it has1 found Khrushchev's "dream" to be a nightmare of spies, subversion, suppression and Russian meddling in internal affairs. Finland, or Suomi, is the only; democracy to have survived under Soviet influence. It shares a 700- mile frontier with Russia. Its capi- tal, Helsinki, is one hour by air from Leningrad. TROUBLE WITH RUSSIA is not new to this little land. It has been a battlefield for centuries as Russia and Sweden both fought to possess it. It became a Russian grand duchy in 1809. and remained under the oppressive thumb of the Czars until 1917., Finland escaped invasion in World War I, but it suffered from a near-total blockade during which living costs rose 25 per cent. Dur- ing the Russian revolution, Fin- land was able to choose a senate and declare its independence. 'Communist opposition was put down by Finnish militia and a few German soldiers. One of the most notable accom- plishments of this "land of integ- rity" was to pay its war debts in full. Finland is still the only nation to have done so. * * * THE FINNS' constitution pro- vides for a republican government. They have a president elected to six - year terms, a 300 - member electoral college, suffrage for everyone 24 or older, and a uni- cameral diet subject to veto or dissolution by the chief executive. Ten ministers serve to advise the president. Finland successfully resisted the right-wing movement that swept Europe in the 1930's, and at the same time passed effective anti- Communist legislation. The Finns signed non-aggression pacts with Russia in 1932 and 1933, but, in 1939, Russia attacked the- country by land, sea and air. After 105 days of resistance againstim- possible odds, the Finns capitu- DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of The Univer- sity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3564 Administration Building before 2 p.m., two days preceding publication. SUNDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1961 General Notices German Make-up Examinations will be held Thursday, Oct. 12, 7-9 p.m. In Rooms 3032, 3035, and 3040 Frieze Bldg. Please register in German Dept. office riby' lated. Recruitin entered World, nal ally of Geri only as an ene land's military markable, but, effect. The Uni tons of suppli4 Great Britain Finland. Thus t Was forced to su terms. Under the S5 Finns lost 17,7 their territory, of 30 per cent of 20 per cent of1 their fishing ca their potato cr of their total al tion. In additior $570 million i $143 for every child in the c annexed territ refugees for w land and jobs I The Finnish pe4 belts and raise of 560 millionc * WITHIN Eli little nation wit that of New Y 'Co-existen ce' g another army, it, employ American merchandising War II as a nomi- techniques. Its teenagers wear blue many, but actually jeans, and English is the most my of Russia. Fin- popular foreign language in its success was re- schools. President Kokkonen is had little lasting widely criticized if his policies ap- ted States shipped pear soft toward Russia. es to Russia,. and When Western powers counte- declared war on nanced the bloody slaughter in the little democracy Budapest, Finland saw that it too rrender on Russian could expect no outside help. Ob- servers feel, however, that Rus- oviet demands, the sia does not dare to make Finland 00 square miles of a puppet for fear of frightening including the sites neutral Sweden into the NATO f the electric power, camp. their railroads and Anti-Communist sentiment in tch, 14 per cent of Finland is well represented by car- p, and 11 per cent toonist Kari Suomalinin, who re- n, the ere assessed cently provoked an international1 in tewreaossesse incident with s widely published in reparations, or r radey man, aman.and caricature. His 'cartoon. pictured, man, woman and Khrushchev on a barge being ountry. From the pulled by wretched looking slaves, ory came 430,000 labeled with the names of the hich homes, food, satellite countries. He is shown had to be provided, crying to Eisenhower, and Mac- ople tightened their millan, "Shame on you, imperial- Iaists." Khrushchev's puppet press dollars. exploded with criticism, and the * * Soviet Premier extracted an apol- GHT YEARS the ogy for the quality of the Finnish h a population half press from President Kekkonen. fork City acquitted LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: The Seat of Trouble #. i I1 itself of debts greatly exceeding one billion dollars. Since the war, gross national production has in- creased by half, and the metal and water power industries have tri- pled. , Its trade union federation exerts, a powerful anti-Communist influ- ence on the workers. Seven unions were expelled by it during a series of Red-led wildcat strikes in 1948. Two-thirds of the demands made upon Finland by the Russians after World War II were for machinery and ships, neither of which the Finns had any capacity to pro- duce. The little nation underwent an economic revolution in order to pay its debts. Today, unable to compete effectively with the richer manufacturing nations of the West, Finland's most important customer is the Soviet Union. In fact, the economic life of Finland depends on Russia as the source of oil, wheat, fertilizer and raw ma- terials. These economic needs chain Finland helplessly to the USSR. ** IN 1948, the Russians showed the meaning of their new term "peace- ful coexistence." Moscow disap- proved of the new Finnish cabinet, and set about to destroy it. The Russian ambassador was recalled from Helsinki. Contracts with Fin- nish industry were cancelled, effec- ,tively destroying the Finnishecon- omy, and vital 'trade negotiations were sabotaged by the Reds. In an attempt to move closer to the Western powers, Finland has sought membership in Eu- rope's "Outer Seven," the trade organization to which its principal competitors-Norway, Sweden and Denmark belong. Khrushchev has consistently refused to allow it. The "Outer Seven" last year mutually lowered their tariffs by 20 per cent, making Finnish competition prac- tically impossible. Finnish President Kekkonen, to avoid economic extinction, pleaded with Khrushchev. The Finns re- aT A "DAVID and Goliath" presi- dential campaign is now going on between Agrarian Party incumbent Kekkonen and Social Democrat Olavi Honka. The incumbent and his party are beginning to worry over the election' that was to have been merely a formality. Observers fear Kekkonen may be forced to compromise with the Communists to gain needed support. The gains this little democracy has made only indicate what it is, capable of. Finland remains crip- pled by a lack of invested capital. If present projects could be ade- quately financed, Finnish exports could be increased many times over. American experts call Finish forests Europe's finest. Again, only money is necessary for the utiliza- tion of this valuable resource. However much Finland may want to move Westward, it can only stay with present suppliers and markets. It is to the discredit of the West that these still rest primarily within the nations of the Communist bloc. Community Of Peace? S SIGNERS of the United Na- tions Charter, we shall always be prepared to discuss interna- tional problems with any and all nations that are willing to talk- and-listen-with reason. If they have requests-not demands-we shall hear them. If they seek genuine understanding-not con- cessions of our: rights-we shall meet with them .. . "In short, while we are ready to. defend our interests (in Ber- lin), we shall also be ready to search for peace-in quiet ex- ploratory talks-in formal or in- To the Editor: AVING TTENDED both the University of Michigan and Michigan State University, I am confronted with a difficult deci- sion before October 14. Before the meeting of the fine football squads of these great pillars of learning, one in a position such as I find; myself in must take a stand and throw his metaphysical thought to the members of one squad or the other. My difficulty in mak- ing an objective and completely rational judgment on the matter stems from an incident which oc- curred a few weeks ago while I attended a social function at 608 Monroe Street in'Ann Arbor. It,' seems that some student, most probably an unknowing freshman at your fine University, saw fit to abscond with the back seat of my car while I enjoyed the good fellowship of some Uni- versity of Michigan students. So that I may reach a completely unbiased decision and remain "an island of reason in a Sea of Emo- tion," I would really appreciate the return of the car seat to., 608 Monroe before the big day. Herbert N. Ashley At Last To the Editor: AT LONG LAST The Michigan Daily has found a competent staff writer: Mr. Ronald Wilton. His two recent articles, concern- ing the'Syrian Revolt and the cur- rent political crisis in El Salva- dor deserve the highest praise from readers of The Daily for their factuality, decent writing, and, above all, intelligence. To find an'article equalling the high calibre of the El Salvador piece would cause one to look very far. It shows research, a familiarity with Latin American academic evaluations in women's residence halls." I was present at that meeting and no such motion was passed. I quote the motion that was passed from the minutes of that meeting. "It was moved' that Assembly Dormitory Council not approve of non-academic evaluations. Sec- onded and passed." There is a vast difference be- tween that statement and the one that appeared in your story. Any newspaper worth the paper on whieh it is printed takes time to check out their facts before they print them. It is too much to ask the Daily to do the same? -Marylou Seldon First Vice-President Assembly Association Illustrious . . To the Editor: IN THEIR October 4th Letter to the Editor,. Miss Berliner and Mr. Kemnitz show that they have misunderstood the spirit of Miss Stock's letter. Hypocrisy is not to be confused with Miss Stock's "commony decency." The quality of graciousness -so evident in Dean Bacon's action -- must not be considered a point of weakness in theever-onward attack of the "reformers," but rather a point of strength. The Daily might have been able to recall itself to the ranks of the professional newspaper had it eliminated the editorialized cov- erage of the investigation of the OSA and, in particular, Dean Ba- con's resignation. Championing its own causes seems to be the preoccupation of our most illus- trious campus newspaper. -Aletta Biersack, '65 Thanks . .