Seventy-First Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 'Where Opinions Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Truth Will Prevail" STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Bi DG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. EL SALVADOR: Brewing Latin Storm, SIDELINE ON SGC: Council Secrecy Continues Unchecked )AY, OCTOBER 6,1961 NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL OLINICK Minor, Cutbacks, M jr Problem AST SPRING University President Hatcher promised the Regents that there would be o major cutbacks in University operations or rograms under the austerity budget handed own by the state Legislature. Although this promise may have been literal- kept, a series of slashes in areas of sec- ndary priority indicate that we are far in- eed from "holding the line." All over the campus small cutbacks and inor reductions in programming are clearly vident. Rising costs and static revenues have >rced department heads to do things less ef- ectively than in years past or tuck away in orage ideas which could-and should-have een implemented this fall. The most overt and serious cutbacks have een announced in two of the special reading nrses in languages for graduate students. he German and French faculties have slash- I in half the number of sections originally Lanned, doubled enrollment in the ones of- red, and still been forced to turn away many idents. RADUATE STUDENTS seeking a doctorate ,degree from the Rackham School must ass reading examinations in two foreign lan- wages. In most disciplines, this means German nd French, although Russian, Spanish and a ew others are occasionally allowed as substi- ites if they have particular relevance to a eld of study. To pass the exams, many graduate students lect the 111 and 112 sequence in German and/ r French. If they pass 112 with a B or better, he language requirement is fulfilled. For those unable to get into these classes, nd this means almost 300 students this fall, Wore timely and more costly alternatives are pen: independent study, private language chool courses, or election of the regular four emester undergraduate sequence. EVEN FOR THOSE who were fortunate - enough to get into ,Waterman Gym early, tie picture is not a rosy one. The courses sed to rely heavily on a "tutorial" method, articularly, in the second semester. Working rith his instructor, a grad would select one rt two (books in his field of study (a German psychology text or French botany journal, for example) and go over the particular problems they presented. Now, with classes twice as large under normal conditions, there will be a much smaller percentage of the teacher's time avail- able per student. An abridged set of homework exercises and implementation of teaching machines may provide the solution to the burden thrust on' each instructor, but the latter costs money which isn't available, and the former take' time if it is to remain meanligful. THE GERMAN AND FRENCH departments cannot be blamed for making cuts where they did. The special reading courses are "serv- ices" to the graduate school and not part of the regular program of either department. The basic courses needed to satisfy the distribution requirements of the literary college, upperclass courses for concentrates and graduate elections for those working for higher degrees in these fields must come first. The faculties of both departments hope the measures are emergency ones to last only for this year. "If the roof falls in again on the budget . . . Well, more drastic action might come. It might mean the abolition of the special reading courses or beefed-up graduate school requirements, which would demand reading knowledge of one language for admission. This added request of the applicants is a practice adopted by some of the top private graduate schools. It is not arbitrary or unreasonable. The literary college's requirement of fourth semester proficiency in a foreign language should be adequate enough to pass the graduate school exam. More and more students each year arrive on campus with a good part of the undergraduate requirement met, and finish it off before they are sophomores. They could elect a second language if the primary one is not applicable to graduate study. Proper coun- seling could take care of that. BUT WHETHER OR NOT the graduate school makes this change in its admission policies is a problem which should be discussed on educational grounds, not because adminis- trative expedience demands it. The language departments and the graduate school will no doubt evolve as equitable and efficient a solution as the conditions will per- mit.' The fact remains, however, that cutbacks had to be taken and not for pedagogical rea- sons. Students were turned away from courses they need, classes were expanded as one de-, partment head put it "way beyond the place they have any business being," and teaching methods were changed to the detriment of the student. THE CUTBACKS in these courses are "re- grettable necessities." All the minor reduc- tions in operations on the campus are "regret- table necessities." The rejection of any new idea that means money is a "regrettable neces- sity. ' So, the year of -austerity becomes the year of the regrettable necessity, the year in which our state and our society continue to increase their dem'ands upon the University for more service andmore programs. And, if the past proves pro- logue, the state and the society will neglect their responsibility to provide the means to guarantee the fulfillment of those demands. -MICHAEL OLINICK By RONALD WILTON Daily Staff Writer N THE NEXT few months the small Central American coun- try of El Salvador may undergo its third coup d'etat in a year. The country has one of the high- est population densities in Latin America. It follows the classic pat- tern of that area in that a few landowners control the country and many of the peasants only work part of the year and live in poverty the whole year. These give it all the ingredients necessary for a Castro-type revolt. ** * LAST OCTOBER that revolt al- most came. A six-man civilian- military junta threw out Presi- dent Jose Maria Lemnus and took over the government. The three military men were conservative pro-Westerners as opposed to the three civilians, who were leftist. Followers of Fidel Castro paraded in the streets and there was' at least one attempt to overthrow the new regime. As talk of reforms filled the air the cohservative landowners began to see a Cuban- style revolution around the cor- ner. Finally in January the army decided it had had enough. In an action described as "purely mili- tary" a new junta of two military men and two lawyers and one physician overthrew the first jun- ta. The Castroites took up arms and fought back but were quickly overcome. They retired to the countryside to wait for a new op- portunity. S* * THAT OPPORTUNITY is now approaching. However, unless the leftists work fast they may be beaten out by the same right-wing landowners who were the original supporters of the Directorate now in power. By its policies the Di- rectorate has succeeded in alien- ating their original right-wing supporters while keeping the en- mity of-the left. The most recent unpopular measure was the easing of a law designed to provide farm laborers with either three hot meals a day or adequate compensation to en- able them to buy their own food. The power to establish these food standards was included in an equally unpopular measure (al- though affecting different people), the "Law to Protect Farm Work- ers," decreed earlier this year. This measure followed in turn an- other unpoular decree, one or- dering a paid Sunday day of rest for the same farm workers. * * * THE FARM OWNERS, who were foaming at the mouth at the Directorate for the paid Sunday and "Protection" laws, reacted furiously to the establishment of the food standards. These requir- ed them to provide their laborers with three hot meals a day with- in four months of the .issuance of the decree. Until they decided to give the meals they were to pay the workers the munificent sum of 75 centavos (30 cents) a day for food. The growers argued that they were unable to comply with the law without going bankrupt. As one farm owner put it in a maga- zine article designed to win sym- pathy for his side, during the harvesting season some farms might employ as many as three thousand workers and not even the largest hotel in the capital city of San Salvador could pre- pare enough food for them. * * * THE COTTON GROWERS co- operative, an organization includ- ing all the nation's cotton plant- ers, decided to show the govern- ment just who held the real power in the country. They threatened to leave the cotton fields idle next season and, to emphasize the point, some plantations began to lay off workers. They were back- ed up by the coffee growers who, motivated by similar sentiments, met in the city' of Santa Ana over the weekend and threatened sim- ply to ignore the law. In the face of this united front, the Directorate backed down. Early this week they extended the deadline for the three hot meals to June and reduced the meal pay- ment to 50 centavos (20 cents) a day. This brought the expected protests from the affected farm laborers who make up three-fifths of the country's population of 2.5 million. ,,* * * WHILE THE UPROAR over the food standards was going on, the Directorate thought it a propitious moment to come out with another important measure, a long prom- ised election law. This law gives political parties 30 days to regis- ter for the coming elections, the date for which is conspicuous by its absence. The election will choose a Congress and various municipal officials. The Congress is then supposed to select a Pro- visional President to replace the Directorate, which, when it took ofice on January 25, promised not to rule later than December 31. The opponents of the regime took one look at the new election law and the food standards and promptly screamed "politics." The Directorate, which had formed a body called the Party of National Conciliation was accused of court- ing the farm vote. The Directorate stoutly denies this and maintains that the "protection" laws were passed to further the aims of "social justice" and to combat pro-Communist doctrines which are getting popular in the coun- tryside and spreading "social un- rest." Leftists rightly wondered out loud where the first reason would be without the second. * * * TO HELP STOP the spread of these doctrines the members of the Directorate and of the Party of National Conciliation have tak- en it upon themselves to go around the countryside and ex- plain to the farm laborers the benefits accruing, to them from the new farm laws. Their motives have been questioned by the sev- en opposition parties who have again cried politics. The farm owners have been especially vehe- ment as they are forbidden to try to influence the political opinions of their workers by the Protection law. Thus prospects for a stable fu- ture do not look promising. The farm owners will not be happy until the protection laws are got- ten rid of and can be expected to do everytfhing possible to facili- tate this. If the cotton growers actually go ahead with their threat to leave the cotton fields idle they could bring economic disaster to the country. The farm workers, on the other hand, were angered by the easing of the food standards and any further retreat could give the Castro followers the chance they have been waiting for. Thus the Directorate finds it- self in the almost impossible po- sition of supporting a status quo which neither of the two opposing sides wants. As was pointed out in the beginning of this article, even an election is no guarantee against a coup. With its shaky Directorate and two diametrically opposing groups, El Salvador can look ahead to growing tension and possible violence in the months ahead. By JUDITH OPPENHEIM Daily Staff Writer A MOTION which might have solved Student Government Council's perennial problems with executive sessions failed by a nar- row margin at the Wednesday night meeting. The proposal, set forth by Brian Glick, was a plan for procedure to be followed by the Council in reporting the results of such ses- sions. It included five major points: 1) the substance of all motions and amendments proposed; 2) the number of Council members vot- ing for and against motions and amendments; 3) a list of all re-, corded abstentions; 4) record of any roll call votes taken; 5) a list of criteria to be used in selection of applicants for offices and posts. * * * THE MOTION was divided into two parts with the fifth point con- sidered separately. Discussion arose out of differences in opinion regarding the nature and purposes of an executive session. Those op- posed to both portions of the orig- inal motion argued that the pur- pose of such a meeting was to al- low members complete freedom to' say and do whatever they liked without being accountable after- wards either to reporters or con- stituents. They argued that the group would never agree on.one set of criteria and' that any criteria de- cided upon by less than a unani- mous vote would be meaningless. Those members favoring both LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Intellectual Homecoming Come October M1ONDAY Assembly Association took action and passed a motion.supporting the per- manent discontinuation of non-academic eval- uations. Then a group was formulated to: "in- vestigate the theoretical duties of housemothers and counselors." The question of non-academic evaluations was first raised in Student Government Coun- cil last spring. Discussion of the subject be- gan in Assembly last spring and has continued in this fall's first three meetings.J Perhaps, Assembly needs more time to in- vestigate subjects of campus concern than, other organizations. But more likely, Assem- bly just prolongs issues without taping positive action until "late in the game." Assembly needs some impetus to push it along or it will find itself lost in a maze of old issues while new ones, of vital interest to women, are constantly arising. -E., SILVERMAN To the Editor. WOULD LIKE to comment on yesterday's editorial, The Three Elephants. First of all, it charges the Central Committee with a lack of consistency for allowing dis- plays of three elephants and two windmills to be constructed, be- cause last year the Central Com- mittee wouldn't allow the con- struction of two vocanoes. I think there was a false analogy drawn between change and inconsistency. When there is a change for the better, it shouldn't be criticized as inconsistent, but complimented as an improvement. Secondly, it charges the peti- tioners with a lack of thought. Here I must agree and also give some explanation for it. After weeks of - debate last spring, the Central Committee decided on an international theme, "What in the World." At this time, we realized the theme had an in- tellectual implication, but we thought we would try it anyway, since a University this large should be able to accept it. We guessed wrong with about half the living units on this campus. Instead of ingenious ideas for their displays, they came up with such beauties as, "Let's Snow Purdue" (Iceland), "Greece the Pigskin," or "Czech the Boilermaker!" .* * * THE REASON for' this is that the students would rather devote their energies to the rah-rah of football than improving domestic relations with foreign students. Fifteen hundred foreign students, are on this campus because they wanted to study at an American university. That they are being kept from an American education is shown by the fact that most of them don't even know when Homecoming is or what it sig- nifies. Many lead sheltered lives, com- pletely apart from the American students. This year we gave the American students a chance to take the initiative. Look at what happened! What kind of an im- pression of the United States will the foreign students bring home when they graduate? If this apathy continues, next year HOMECOMING will return to a rah-rah football theme. -Aaron Grossman Nasserism, . ., To the Editor: RONALD WILTON'S editorial in defense.of Gamal Abdul Nas- ser is just what Mr. -Nasser would like to see to show him how ef- fectively his political indoctrina- tion program has obscured the truth. (For a true picture of Nas- serism and the Arab way of think- ing, Mr. Wilton would do well to read the October issue of the Atlantic Monthly.) In the first place, Wilton makes the common, naive mistake of applying the term Arab to a people and then forgetting that they are really a wide and diversified group which is the product of many different systems of educa- ,tion, economy and political out- look. To hope that Syria be in- cluded in Nasser's dictatorship f or the mere sake of unity is ridiculous. Unity is not synono- mous with benefaction. WHEN Mr. Wilton speaks of Nasser's seemingly unselfish and lofty hopes for a united Arab na- tion, who does he think Mr. Nas- ser sees as the head of this union? the capital of this union? the dominant power in this union? No nation wants to give up her in- dividuality and be subdued to the point where she can no longer protect her own interests. Yet this, is exactly what Nasser tried to do. Slo.vly, but surely, since the birth of the UAR, Nasser has re- placed all but one of the main Syrian leaders with his own men. By firing Syrian officers, he' reached the point where the. Syrian army was in the command of Egyptians. As in his own coun- try, he attempted to suppress all factions which were not unan- imously' pro-Nasser. * * * MR WILTON is right in saying that Nassar made many promises and instigated some reforms, but his article fails to go further. Nasser's "socialization" program was in the name of, and for, Egypt. For example, his currency exchange program succeeded only in further depleting the resources, of famine-racked Syria. All in all, she began to see the UAR for what it really was: a propaganda tool in the hands of a dictator who was slowly strangling the' Syrian people. . Contrary to what Mr. Wilton thinks, the addition of Syria to the growing number of nations who reject the totalitarian tactics of men like Nasser should make the. whole situation more' stable in that they are pledged to represent the will not of a capricious leader but that of the people.y -Miriam Dann, '64 E Real-Life. To the Editor: STEPHEN HENDEL, in his letter. of October 1, "can hardly think that a woman will purposely have a child out of wedlock solely for the welfare benefits which ,ac- crue." How many times has he abandoned his idealism to walk down the real-life streets of Chi- cago? The situation of which he speaks is not so rare as he would like to believe. We are all aware that a woman can make a mistake; some can even make two mistakes. These un- fortuntes are deserving not only of our sympathy but of our aid. Unfortunately, however, more than "a very few" have figured out that they can live very comfortably by increasing their progeny on a fairly regular basis. By closing our eyes to a very real, a very ob- vious occurrence, w, are not simply tolerating an unavoidable situation, but we are encouraging, we are subsidizing an unnecessary, and unfair practice. I am not writing this letter to propose a solution-I am not a sociologist. I do propose, however, that the next time, Mr. Hendel,. that you are in Chicago or New York you take off your blinders and look around. You'll see a lot of upsetting things that even a layman can see. Take off your blinders; ask around a bit; it's no secret. -Selma Reuben, '65 (Letters to the Editor should be limited to 300 words, typewritten a and double spaced. The Daily re- servesetherright to edit or withholdr any letter. Only signed letterswill be printed.) portions of the motion argued that the only purpose of an executive session was to allow for private discussions of personalities when these were relevant to appoint- ments. They said that the actual motions passed by the body in such sessions ought to be a matter of public record and that members should be responsible for defend- ing their personal votes. In the original vote, the first portion was approved 7-6 with Council President Richard Nohl casting the tying vote and thus killing the motion. *+ * * DEFEAT of this motion means that there will in all probability be repeat 'performances of last week's marathon executive ses- sion. The Council, by its action has disavowed responsibility for its decisions and decreed that it can, whenever it chooses, be a law unto itself. University students need not. tolerate such an attitude on the part of their representatives. Elections are coming up in No- vember. The student body should demand that each candidate in- clude his stand on the question of executive sessions in his platform and should take this stand care- fully into account at the polls. DAILY OFFICIAL- BULLETIN The Daily Official Bulletin isan ' official publication"' of The Univer- sty of Michigan for wich The Michigan Daily assumoes no editorial responsibility. Nbtces should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room .3564 Administration Building before 2 p.m., two days preceding publication. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 6 General Notices Regents' Meeting: Fri., Oct. 20. Com- munications for consideration at this meeting must be in the President's hands not ater than October 10. Please submit twenty-one copies of each con- munication. Women students: The Women's Ath- letic Building will be open on Sundays from 2:004:00 for recreation opportun- ties in tennis, golf, and bowling under- the sponsorship of the Department of Physical Educatibn ,for Women. college of Literature, science, and the Arts, and Schools of Business Ad- ministration, Education, Music, Natural Resources, Nursing, and Public Health: Students who received marks of , 1, or 'no report' atthe end of their last semester or summer session of at- tendance will receive a grade of "E" in the course or' courses unless this work is made up. in the Colege Of Literature, science, and the Arts and the Schools of Music and Nursing this date isby October 16, 1961. In the Schools of Business Administration, Education, Natural Resources, and Pub- lic Health this date is by October 18, 1961. Students wishing 'an extension of time beyond these dates should file a petition with the appropriate offiial of their school. In the School Of Nurs- ing the above information rfers to non-Nursing ourses only. The following. student sponsored so- cial events are approved for the com- ing weekend. Social chairmen are re- minded that requests for approval for social events are due InLthe Office of the Student Affairs not later than 12 o'clock noon on the Tuesday prior to the event: OCT. 6-!. Alice Lloyd Hall, Uppercass Mixer, Alice Lloyd Hall; Arnold Air Sbciety, Dance, Michigan League' Lutheran Stu- dent Assn.,.Suare Dance, Tappan Jr. 'High; WinchellHduse, Date Party, West Quadrangle. OCT. 7- Alice Lloyd" Hall, Football Tea Alice Lloyd Hall; Alpha Delta Phi. Record Dance, 566 S. State; Alpha Gamma Del- ta,open House, 1322 Hill Alpha Omega, party, 820 Oxford: Alpha Tau Omega, Party, 1415 Cambridge; Alpha Xi Delta, Open-Open House, 914 Hill; Beta Theta pi, Dance,, 604 S. State Chi Omega1, Open-Open House,s1525 Washtenaw; Chi' Phi, Party, 15,0 Washtenaw; Delta Phi Epsilon, Football Open House, 1811 -Wastenaw; Delta Sigma Phi, Potpori Party. 2009 Washtenaw Delta Tau Del- ta, Date Party, .1928 Geddes; Delta Theta Phi, Onen House,1212 Hill; Delta Theta Phi, Band Party, 1212 Hill; /Kel- sey House, Lounge Dance, South Quad- rangle- Phi Aluha Kappa. Post-Football ar- ty, 1010 E. Ann; Phi Delta Phi, open : House, 502 E. Madison; Phi Delta Theta, Dance, 1437 Washtenaw; Phi Gamma Delta. Band Dance, 707 Oxford Rd.; Phi Kappa Tau, Open House Party, 1910 Hillt Sigma Alpha Epsilon, Record Hop, 1408 Washtenaw; Stockwell HIall, After-Game Onen House, 1343 N. tUni- (Continued on Page 5) 1 TODAY AND TOMORROW HammSuccessor By WAITER IIPPMANN IN THE DISPUTE about choosing a successor to Dag Hammarskjold, the true purpose of the Soviet government is to see to it that he has no genuine successor. Under Hammarskjold, the United Nations evolved beyond what he de- scribed as "a conference machinery" into a rudimentary, tentative, provisional experiment in international government. It is against this development that the Soviet Union is striking, using variations on the troika principle as the instrument. Essentially, what the Soviet gov- ernment intends to do is to force the abolition of the Secretary General's office as it developed under Hammarskjold, leaving the UN again no more than a conference ,machinery. I should say in parenthesis that I have not forgotten that before Hammarskjold, the UN conducted a great police action, on the scale of a war, in Korea. But this Korean action was unique. For reasons which have never been fully explained, the Soviet government was absent and did not exercise its veto when the Security Council ordered the Korean police action. There .is no likelihood that this could happen again. Therefore it is, I believe, correct to say that the UN was no more than a conference machinery until Hammarskjold became the Secretary General. expansion, and this is the reason why the Soviet Government is determined to abolish the kind of Secretary General that Hammarskjold was. In this policy of diminishing the UN as a power in the world, it must be said that Mr. Khrushchev finds, much support, nbver avowed, but nonetheless real, in the West. He finds It particularly in France. Gen. deGaulle has not taken off his shoe to demonstrate against the UN but he has done much to weaken it by a policy of studied insult. IT IS HARD not to ask oneself whether Ham- marskjold's essay into international action was premature. Certainly it would now be a miracle if the Great Powers which have vetoes in the Security Council could agree on a Secre- tary General to carry on Hammarskjold's work. In the last analysis the UN exists and can grow only with the concurrence of all the Great Powers. They will not concur on amendments to the Charter adopting Mr. Khrushchev's troika. But he is not likely to concur in the se- lection of another strong Secretary General. The prospect is that out of the dispute will come a weak Secretary General. He will not be neutral in the Hammarskjold style of being an international civil servant. He will be neutral in a --Iar cn- ofh4inr, ,a.,Cei'rn_ T'he. TTwill _ _. - 4 IFEIFFER AR~RVn 10 )CAMP TISI'A.M. R6WCAIP SIX SHOPS ANW.A1) 10PLOCRI!JATc*J lCCTU 6 ABoUt 06F61 10r~6 T96 F96C WLANT TOf cOiA6 NOM- y 06AR MOTH R- MARCHRQ 1T0 AOO FROM 17H6 CHOR~CH OF OUR Cf4OICE 1915 Q.M. AND 6rVCI 009Z 12H IN~iOCTINAT[IOD) CT'VPM P~AR 100- K& A MAP. Eu00AP ALWM I JTi4 U5!N) OUP. KA T. W L6 ARC 5U6 ut ?..66T US&D 'T0 t7- -" }' 7916 A.M. THN 5900 60 05 rIW5N ABOUT TI4C 6 151165 ;OF 'ThS FR5e WOORM T.9.0l 'ARE Att FRO3M 1.H UmIVp,;ITKf VPCALIFORNI1A. O006 OF THE' FEiL ol'S Ili)OU BARRACKS FROM 1-85 .0I 1 WANT ' 1- COMA N-OME' r eAR MOTH R' cgc~vwvo OUR 25 !lJDOOTRINATIO&) GFCTVPE TM1; A-M. FROM A NO CAPrAIP. H6 SA!9 1.U6 AR.MS WAS LOMZUE IZIM& try IMORMATION) PROG2~AM ANN Wove~UA66vUS 7O ASK QV65 U 'AR 50o - 1 GL' '-{OVR 'SReA&)T ONW.5600'~ 40{0)To A SC90O0L-06 A MAP- AP.'f ,. A.tAT i'lL 6_oQA D6'0 qouL ASE P Af1 0 MAK69R 'AtWau4' __ DE6AR SolJ- IM SURE (40M ~CAPT'A% i's CIJULI ITRET INI WA5 F6ST " FOR CI1OV NAS pO twi. ' HAS £{oo ALWALI 1oI DE6AR 500' IF uoO CAMS !oM& e THO 1'8 aotjLq~ FOU-ow 100T)'o Ft wJQU5. UL.7 1E( I'HNMA THI~J OWTtU(bN, A)6 TO MOVE APR~ CHANGEcOUR NAME'.