Man In Space
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Seventy-First Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
"Where Opinions Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
Truth' wiU Prevail"
TSTUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MIcH. " Phone NO 2-3241
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
EDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1961 NIGHT EDITOR: JUDITH OPPENHEIM
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Through the Hoop
For Hopwoods
NOVELIST SAUL BELLOW has appealing
eyes. You can see them, or at least a rep-
resentation, inside this year's "official publi-
cation" describing, the Avery Hopwood and
Jule Hopwood Awards in "Creative Writing.
Bellow, the Hopwood lecturer last spring,
moves in to replace Theodore Roethke whose
photo graced the pages last year. Uunfortunate-
ly, however, the "same old rules" which greet-
ed us last year still prevail.
University students seeking to get their hands
on the generous Hopwood stipends to further
their writing caree'rs or some other aspect of
their academic life must be carrying 12 hours,
of credit (graduate students need only nine)
to compete. They must also achieve a C
average this semester. Grads, with a lighter
load, are obligated to amass a 3.0 mark.
MANUSCRIPTS must be submitted, mind you,
on 100 per cent rag paper, 16 pound weight,
81/2 by 11 inches, at least for the original. For
some odd, mystic reason carbons of the original
work (two are required) may be done on "any
white paper of good quality and of at least 13-
pound weight." Watermarks are not specified.:
After hurdling these relatively non-contro-
versial limitations of his personal freedom, the
would-be Hopwooder faces the tough one. Some-
where in his schedule of academic elections,
he must squeeze in one course in composition
in the English language and literature depart-'
ment or in the journalism department.
The course need not be taken in the fall
semester. If the contestant feels he has penned
a Winner during the Christmas recess, he can
elect his comp course or one in the editorial
during the spring. But he has to have one.
UST WHY this is so has never been clear. Mr.
Hopwood asked that the prizes go to stu-
dents in the department of rhetoric, now non-
existent. I suppose that the Hopwood commit-
tee believes that a student interested enough
and talented enough to spend his time writing
material suitable for the contest would be in-
terested enough in critical advice to elect
courses where his writing ability could be as-
sayed and aided. At least, he ought to be in-
terested.
This is not true, however, of all people who
enjoy writing, or who happen to be any good at
it. There are many students on the campus who
are not majoring in English or creative writ-
ing or journalism, but who write. Their reg-
ularly elected field of concentration may not
afford enough time to complete the work of
a regular course or, composition or they may
not desire the requirements of writing on a
schedule. (In the manner of C. P. Snow and
Winston Churchill.)
Moreover, the motivation to express oneself
in a poem, play or novel has no necessary cor-
relation to the desire behind the election of
newswriting.
T IS TRUE that Hopwood's will specifies
students in the rhetoric department, and that
the present rules may be a liberal interpreta-
tion of his language. It would be no stretch of'
his interpretation to include those electing any
course in the English department. And con-
sidering that rhetoric is no longer considered
an independent discipline, but which has man-
ifestations in every field, a still wider inter-
pretation is possible.
If the committee fears that it would not be
faithful to the Hopwoods' desire, they should.
note that Hopwood further specified that the
contents of the compositions not be confined
to academic subjects, "but shall be allowed ;the
widest possible latitude, and that the new, the
unusual and the radical shall be especially en-
couraged."
This uplifting line shows that the spirit be-
hind Avery Hopwood's bequest to the Univer-
sity was one seeking the widest possible arena
of discussion. To further this concept, one can-
not rest with guaranteeing the freedom of
topic; the freedom of who shall write is equal-
ly as important.
-MICHAEL OLINICK
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TODAY AND TOMORROW:
When Gen. Clay
Was Overheard
By WALTER LIPPMANN
WHAT GEN. CLAY said to the newspapermen at the cocktail party
in West Berlin has aroused a certain amount of perfunctory
criticism in West Germany and a perfunctory denial from American
official sources. As a matter of fact, what he said has not really
been denied, and it is significant to see that it has note seriously been
opposed.
He said that the West Germans would have to face the fact
that East Germany exists and that the hope of eventual reunification
lies in an increasing contact and a negotiation between the two
German states. Although this is the simple and obvious truth, it
was startling to find it in print. For this is the first- time that a truly
responsible and informed leader has said out loud what has long
been a commonplace in private conversations.
* ,* * *
EARLY IN 1958, for example, I was in Bonn, as well as in Paris,
London and Berlin. Wherever I went, it was taken for granted-as
being too self-evident for serious discussion-that the official promise
of reunification by means of a general German election was un-
realizable. The. Soviets would not permit German reunification inside
the Western alliance; the French and the British did not want it.
Although I had known this much, what surprsied me was what
I heard in Bonn from an official whom I must not identify but who
was both highly responsible and fairly informed. He explained to me
at length that the two Germanys in the past fifteen years had
grown so far apart that it was idle now to talk about reuniting them
under a single elected government. There are by now enormous
ideological, religious, and political obstacles to an attempt to fuse the
historically Protestant and Socialist East, Germany with the con-
servative and Catholic West.
These basic difficulties are complicated by the relative richness
of West Germany and the poverty of the East. I remember well his
telling me that the Bonn authorities had made a very careful study
of the problems and the economic consequences of reunification, and
that the study showed that if West Germany were to be taxed to
finance the rise of the East German standard of life to the West
German level, it would mean forcing down the West German level
by about one-third over a considerable number of years.
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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
Keep Red Chna hOut,
0lertime:
Student Autonomy
By SUSAN FARRELL
BY A NEARLY unanimous vote, delegates to
the United States National Student As-
sociations' August conference passed a basic
policy declaration condemning "the tradition
of 'in loco parentis' and the educational habits
and practices it justifies."
Demonstrating profound understanding of a,
student's obligation to his own intellect as
well as to his society, eloquently protesting the
obstacles many universities deliberately or
unthinkingly raise to the fulfillment of this
obligation, the declaration presents an intel-
lectually and emotionally powerful argument
against paternalism.
"USNSA continues to affirm the belief that
the, university must not restrict those freedoms
of thought, associations and action which are
simultaneously the prerequisites of a fully
democratic social order and personal develop-
ment," it says in part. And then . . . "the
vision toward which we strive is that of a.
democratic university in which all share certain
rights of participation in matters of common
concern, and of freedom of inquiry, association,
and development, and where paternalism is
replaced by fellowship in the company of
scholars."
BUT IN THE agonizingly slow process pre-
ceding any significant change in Univer
sity policy, this argument is disappointingly
ineffective. The administration simply does
not (or cannot, perhaps) undertake reorgan-
ization of the Office of Student Affairs, clari-
fication of the Student Government Council
plan or consideration of a new speaker policy
in terms of furthering "a fully democratic
social order" or of establishing a "company of
scholars."
If student opposition to paternalism-as a
philosophy or as a mode of operation (inter-
ference with the judiciary structure, reversal
of SGC decisions on matters within its proper
jurisdiction)-is to be as effective as it could
be in producing desired changes, some other,
additional line of argument must be found.
ONE SUCH ARGUMENT is suggested by
Yves R. Simon's discussion of the functions
of authority.
Concede, for a moment and for discussions'
Editorial Staff
JOHN ROBERTS, Editor
PHILIP SHERMAN HARVEY MOLOTCH
L, Personnel Director
sake, the University's necessity, to exercise
some sort of paternal authority. (In hard
fact, some of it is required by state laws-
those pertaining to the possession of alcoholic
beverages by minors, for example.) Such
authority, according to Simon, has three charac-
teristics: it aims at the proper good of the
governed, it is made necessary by a deficiency
in the governed and is therefore not essen-
tial but "substitutional," its purpose is educa-
tional and so it aims at its own disappearance.
FROM THESE CHARACTERISTICS, one
point emerges: it is impossible to profess
the principle of paternal authority without
at the same time professing a "principle of
autonomy." For the main purpose of paternal
direction is that the governed attain the
ability for self-government.
"With regard to the proper good either of
the individual or the group, the possibility of
self-government makes it obligatory for
authority to disappear," Simon says, "and
the possibility of progress toward self-
government makes it obligatory for authority
to follow the ways of such progress . . . If
paternal authority remains necessary past the
earliest possible date for its disappearance, it
has failed to a degree; if it intends its own
maintenance and manages things in such a
way as not to have to disappear, it is guilty
of abominable abuse."
The dissolving of paternal authority into
autonomy has, in other words, very little
to do with democracy; it has a great deal to
do with logic and justice.
BUT THE DISSOLUTION of paternal author-
ity raises special questions in a university
community. The concept is much easier to
posit in a parent-child or mother country-
colony relationship, for in both of these the
coming of age of the child can be determined
with some precision. In a university a genera-
tion is four years long-and the citizens are
always the same age.
Yet the obligation of authority to work for
its own disappearance cannot be denied, for
by such denial it ceases to be paternal-and
begins to live a lie.
One alternative remains: the deliberate,
self-conscious creation of a tradition of auton-
omy.
The University has moved in this direction.
The Daily, for example, is free of faculty or
administrative control. Student Government
Council has broad power of considerable sub-
stance (much of which it does not exercise).
Students will be appointed to the study com-
(Letters to the Editor should be
limited to 300 words, typewritten
and double spaced. The Daily re-
serves the right to edit or withhold
any letter. Only signed letters will
be printed.)
To the Editor:
AS I RETURN to graduate
school, after two years in the
Army, I find myself aghast at
the kind of fuzzy thinking which
can appear in as fine a paper as
The Daily. I am referring to Har-
vey Molotch's tirade against rea-
son which appeared in Saturday's
edition under the saddening title
"A United Nations Needs Red
China."'
It appears that Mr. Molotch has
tried to apply the universality of
his left-wing logic to a problem
which transcends Liberal-Con-
servative differences. It is to me
a naive and immature approach,
the failure of which I hope was
as evident to all who read the ar-
ticle as it was to me.
* * *
AN EXAMPLE of this is Mr.
Molotch's assertion that one of
the reasons behind the United
States' opposition to Red China's
admission to the UN has been
the placating of America's right-
wing. Yet he accurately observes
that this policy began under Mr.
Truman, and is continued under
Mr. Kennedy. Are these two Pres-
idents men of principle, doing
what they think right, or did they
abandon their ideals to placate a
minority? I'm sure there is no
truth to the latter.
My main objection, however, lies
in the fact that it always grieves
me to see a position being defend-
ed by unsubstantiated assertions,
as Mr. Molotch has done. By way
of example.
1. ". . . no country except the
United States and a handful of
others . . . can see and logic in
(U.S. arguments against Red
China's admission)." This is sim-
ply not the case.
2. "Bending to the wind is cer-
tainly better than being blown
over." Is it? The United States
used to have a considerable say
in determining the way these
winds blew. I like to think it still
does.
3. "Preventing Red China or
East Germany or any country on
earth from participating in world
organization is a blatant disregard
for the original purpose of the
UN."-Ridiculous! A righteous,
pompous crying in the wilderness.
If the U.S. thought Red China and
East Germany were "any coun-
try," the opposition of their ad-
mission would be devoid of rea-
son. But they are not, and a sim-
ple knowledge of the contents of
the Charter of the UN will explain
the difference. One must first
know what this Charter is about.
Then take anotheV look at Red
China.
4. "... any of the exaggerated
problems caused for the West by
a Red China in the UN are dwarf-
ed in comparison to the key is-
sues of the day-issues which in
What is there in the admission of
Red China to the UN that would
change this?
5. "We will . . . bear the onus
for destroying the earth's only
realistic hope for survival." - I
assume that this means the UN
will be destroyed, with the United
States to blame, if Red China is
not admitted. No comment.
* * *
THE HEART of the problem is
that the United States is "dedi-
cated to the proposition that all
men are created equal, with cer-
tain, inalienable rights," and is
equally dedicated to peace. The
United Nations operates on the
same theory, which is the only
factor by which people, usually our
enemies, seek to call it an anrm
of the West. Red China does not
believe these ideas. Therefore, the
problem reduces itself to this:
either we stand on principle,
which IS NOT suddenly imprac-
tical, or we do not.
So I ask the question which
the article failed to answer: WHY
does a 'United Nations' need Red
China?
-John F. Diebel
Criterion *. *
To the Editor:
HAVING RECOGNIZED and
"played ball" with other total-
itarian states, I agree with Har-
vey Molotch-editorial, Michigan
Daily, Sept. 23-that it seems
somewhat ridiculous for our na-
tion to oppose the seating of Red
China in the UN.
However, I have'long advocated
that we establish a criterion which
all nations who seek our recogni-
tion and good will should be re-
quired to meet, regardless of what
means they used to come into pow-
er. This criterion would insist that
such nations submitproofsthat at
least two, bona fide political par-
ties are being permitted to oper-
ate within their boundaries. If
they cannot submit such proof,
we should withhold our recogni-
tion and should sever diplomatic
relations with those nations which
we have previously recognized and
who stilleoperate under a one-
party .system.
* * *
AS FAR AS I KNOW, there
exists only one type of "one-par-
ty" system which is satisfactory
to all concerned. That is the pro-
cedure which one usually finds in
the average Parent-Teachers-As-
sociation. In these organization, it
is customary to appoint a nomi-
nating committee which prepares
one slate of candidates for office.
At election time, nominations from
the floor are permitted. None are
ever made because most of us are
too lazy to offer our services. As
a result, the previously prepared
slate of candidates is votedin
without a dissenting vote.. This
procedure is in accordance with
Robert's Rules of Order.
The totalitarian states are very
careful in their compliance with
parliamentary procedure-except
country always sees eye to eye
concerning its representatives is
to insult the intelligence of even
a moron. And, to continue to hope
for fruitful negotiations or peace-
ful co-existence with such repre-
sentatives, is to exhibit the intel-
ligence of an imbecile.
-E. J. Steiner, Illini '33
Milk-Drinkers .
To the Editor:
Y ENGLISH IS POOR, but I:
will try to answer the article
by Mr. Gerald Storch.
The very simple reason why for-
eign students do aggregate in
groups of their own or culturally
similar nationalities is said in this
phrase: "because of their similar
cultural background." That means
that understanding betweeni a Eu-
ropean and an Asiatic is easier
than between a European and an
American.
* * *
STUDENTS in the Old World
are young men, not children.
These young men are used to be-
having like men. They are educat-
ed to face all realities of their
future life, which certainly can-
not exclude such 'depraved' things
as alcohol!
The European and Asiatic stu-
dents are not only used to alco-
hol, but they are carefully taught
to appreciate it, to understand it
-to know at what time, where
and how to enjoy it. And they are
used to handling it with disci-
pline. Alcohol belongs in theOld
World to the culture and tradi-
tion, just like art.
The American student, in the
opinion of Europeans, has the 'air'
of an old maid. He is milk-drink-
ing, soft, mild-minded and afraid.
He is afraid of telling his own
opinion. He is afraid of the opin-
ion of those around toward him-
self. He is afraid to be different,
while Europeans are proud to be
--every single person-a single
character with single individual-
ity. Hundreds of American stu-
dents are speaking, thinking, eat-
ing, living and acting in the same
way, without any sign of individ-
uality.
As it was said, the American
young men are milk-drinkers. In
the Old World a milk-drinking
man is a curiosity, something ad-
verse, unnatural and womanish.
. * * *
THE YOUNG MEN from the Old
World are used to a strong man's
life, with experiences and relations
with the opposite sex. The Euro-
pean girls dislike men without any
experiences; men who are not
ready for life, for love-like an
unboiled egg.,
Young Europeans will not marry
during their student-time. The
very few doing so are not the best
ones. The European young men
know their responsibilities toward
the wife and the family. They are
taught and accustomed to sup-
porting a family and they know
that marriage does not belong to
the classroom.
* * * *
ARGUING WITH HIM, I insisted that however difficult reunifica-
tion was, the danger of permanent partition was even greater. He did
not deny this. But he replied that the reunion must come very slowly
-probably in the course of a generation-and that it should be
approached very gradually. When I asked him how it should be ap-
proached, he replied that the two German states already had practi-
cal relations, negotiated by their officials and embodied in agree-
ments, which deal with currency matters, trade, and West German
civilian access to Berlin on the surface. These relations should be
multiplied he said, and their levels should gradually be raised to
higher official forms of recognition, so that eventually Germany
would become a confederation of the two German states.
This is, of course, Mr. Khrushchev's proposal. But I heard it
first from this high German official whose record of loyalty to
the West is impeccable. The idea was bound to take hold because
it fits so exactly the reality of the German situation.
WE SHALL FIND, I think, that the European situation will change
as the break-through proceeds from the official make-believe of
German 'reunification to the practical reality of the two Germanys and
their relationships. Mr. Reston reported in Monday's "New York
Times" that there was disappointment in the White House over the
lack of support in NATO for the President's Berlin policy.
The Western governments, knowing that the main architects of
that policy were men, who wanted only to stand firm and stand
pat, saw no future in what they were told was the President's
policy. After August 13, when the unrealism of the policy was revealed,
there has been a sufficient. revival of positive thinking in Washington
to open up the grim deadlock of the nuclear deaf mutes.
(p) 1961 New York Herald Tribune, Inc.
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CHINO-SOVIET ALLIANCE:
Two-Front War
Death for U.S.
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(EDITOR'S NOTE: The following article was written by Marvi n Kalb,
Soviet affairs specialist for the Columbia, Broadcasting Systemu and As. sta-
tioned in Moscow.)
"WHEN CHINA develops its own atomic bombs, the United States
will have reached a crossroads in its history . . . China has'
made no secret of the fac~t that it wishes to destroy the Tnited States.
With nuclear weapons and the possibility of implicating Russia, China
may decide to force America out of the Far East.
Peking feels it represents the "middle kingdom," and the "middle
kingdom" cannot tolerate the continued presence of American troops
and influence in Korea, Formosa, Viet Nam, and Thailand. Since it
is unlikely that we would simply
possibility exists that we would
be dragged into a major war
against China.
"AS IF THIS PROSPECT were
not sobering enough, it should be
added that this war miglht also
involve the employment. of Soviet
military power . . . We would be
fighting a war on two fronts
against two enemies that together
seem to have the capacity to wipe
the United States off the face of
the map. It would be little con-
solation if in the process we de-
stroyed the Soviet Union.
"If the Soviet Union managed
to stay out of the war, then we
would still have an extremely
formidablet foe in Communist
China. Even if we were victorious,
we would be a tired, battered na-
tion, unable to withstand the prob-
able economic and political assault
of the Soviet Union in the rest of
the world.
"So, in either case, the challenge
is direct; and the challenge is
mortal. Therefore, we should
adopt a highly flexible foreign
policy aimed at exploiting the di-
visive pressures in the alliance so
that Moscow and Peking. will be
deprived of the opportunity of
facing the United States as a
united team.
For we would be playing with
out national survival if we based
our policy on the assumption that
Russia and China will inevitably
break away from each other.
"This is a big job, since it re-
quires the seizure of the diploma-
tic initiative from the Commu-
abandon these nations, the- strong
DAILY OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of The Univer-
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no editorial
responsibility. Notices should be
sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3519 Administration Building
before 2 p.m., two days preceding
publication.
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 27
General Notices
The Women's Judiciary Couneil:
Trainee Program for all House Judi-
ciary Chairmenis scheduled for Wed.,
Sept. 27, 7:30, Women's League. Topics
for discussion include rules and regula-
tions, judicial duties, appropriate ra-
tionale, and current campus questions.
Events Wednesday
Seminar on Functions of a Complex
Variable: Will meet in 3017 Angell Hall,
Wed., Sept. 27, at 4 p.m.
John Kelingos will continue his dis-
cussion of recent results due to Ahi-
fors and Beurling.
t Placement
INTERVIEW: SEPT. 29-PART-TIME-
American Tobacco Company-J. w.W
Ramsay will he at the Bureau of Appts.
on Friday, Sept. 20, to interview sopho-
more or junior men for part-time job
as representative for the company on
campus. Call for an 'interview. Ext. 3544.
Please contact General Division, Au
'reau of Appts.," 3200, SAB, for further
information.
The following schools have. listed
teaching vacancies for the 1962-1963
school year.
White Plains, N.Y. - Elem. Fields:
Most Secondary Subjects.