X t t apt Blath Seventy-Second Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNJVERSrrY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS "Where Opions AFre e STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Troth Will Frevall" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. SUNDAY, MAY 27, 1962 ACTING NIGHT EDITOR: DAVID MARCUS . A -The iAim1s of Education:. Vanishing 01Alternatives LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Tuition H ike Discriminates To the Editors: A TUITION increase has just been announced by the board of Regents. It amounts to an in- crease of about 30 per cent for out-of-state students. The increase for in-state students is between 0 and 12 per cent. It is about time someone pointed out to our Re- gents the unfairness of this deci- sion and its possible unfortunate consequence. I do not deny the University's need for more funds. I only ques- tion their meth,'ds of securing same. It seems only fair that tui- tion be increased by the same per- centage of the current amounts re- gardless of residence. Since the tuition fo, Michigan residents is lower their absolute increase must still remain lower than the non- residents. Now Michigan residents will probably raise the hue and cry about ungrateful out-of-state stu- dents always complaining. Com- ments will probably be made by Michigan residents to the effect that: "we pay taxes giving you a cheap, good education" and "if you don't like it here leave." The first is a fallacy and the second the unfortunate consequence. * * * ACCORDING to 1960 figures there are almost eight million res- idents in Michigan. If we assume that one million are wage earners and taxpayers and then divide that one million into the total tax revenue for 1961-62 we find that each wage earner pays about $1,000 per year in taxes. While some pay more and some less this is based on total tax re- ceipts which includes various busi- FOR FOUR YEARS I have watched the Uni- versity gradually close off the greatest ad- vantage it offers its undergraduates: the wide range of choices in how and what one learns. Part of this narrowing process has not been the fault of the University. There are so many students cramming the schools, applying to the colleges, wanting to go on to graduate school, that the "liberal education" is fast being chan- neled into a high-powered, narrow-scope pro- fessional training program. The University's major fault is its accept- ance of this narrowing-its willingness to suc- cumb to specialization. The University's self- image is rapidly becoming a strictly academic vision. The emphasis is more and more on the four-point, the degree, the fellowship-the by- products of classroom excellence. This does not mean the University has lost interest in the Pursuit of Knowledge. It does mean that the focus of the pursuit is more and more purely academic. The methods of educa- tion are becoming more economical, intensive and practical. The content is becoming pro- portionately less interesting and more out-of- touch with reality. THERE ARE SEVERAL kinds of learning. There is the experience of sudden compre- hension, when a concept comes clear to you, or a really good idea suddenly jells. This kind of flash learning is marvelous, but it is very rare and it cannot be pushed or con- trolled. The moments of intense intellectual pleasure have hit me in strange places and at strange times-once in a final exam for which I hadn't done-the assigned reading, once in the middle of a routine Daily interview with the assistant dean of the education school, once listening to a SNCC committee plan its future strategy in. the South. They didn't come as. a result of voluminous reading, or careful class attendance or good study habits. They came because I had learned a certain amount, and experienced a certain number of things, and they were ready, at that moment, to integrate into an idea. THE MORE COMMON kind of learning is analytic study-the stuff of scholarship. This is the basis of academics-memorization, painstaking interpretation of material, the care- ful documenting of the great ideas, both your own and others. There is a kind of pleasure in this sort of learning, a satisfaction which goes beyond the confirmation of an "A" although it does not have the intensity of the intellectual flash. But there are things you can never learn in classrooms. There is a kind of knowledge which can only result from active participation in some activity-learning how to work with other people, learning how to cope with concrete sit- uations, learning how to respond to a direct personal challenge. This kind of learning does not have the im- mediate excitement of the intense intellectual experience. It doesn't have the economy and clarity of analytic study. It is a slow, slow proc- ess, there are no grades, and no immediate reward. You can accumulate this kind of learning on a relatively, structured organization like The Daily. You can acquire it sitting and talking in the Union Grill six hours a day. You can get it taking a week off from classes for a trip through the South. Tragedy ONE OF the most consistent tragedies of the 20th Century has been the plight of refugees uprooted by persecution, war, famine or natural disaster and dumped in an unfriend- ly land. These people are often herded into camps and left to rot or to a fate as bad as the one they had escaped. In the last two weeks, the world witnessed a replaying of this familiar tragic theme in Hong Kong. Seventy thousand Chinese fled from fa- mine stricken Communist China when the Reds, for some inexplicable reason, opened the exits. However,, refugee flooded Hong Kong could not house nor feed 70,000 more and its British masters built a barricade, herded the refugees into camps, and shipped them back to the land they had just arduously fled. THIS INHUMANE drama speaks well of no one - Communist, neutralist, or Westerner. Certainly not the Britih who attempted to restrain the fleers from tyranny and who fur- ther sent several thousand back to an uncer- tain fate in Communist China. Perhaps, if they could not have housed and sustained the refugees in Hong Kong, they could at least have encamped them temporarily in one of their relatively unpopulated colonies, such as the Seychelles Islands in the Indian Ocean. By its silence the rest of the non-Communist world did not behave much better.. No one of- fered to take Chinese refugees into their land on a large scale basis and only Nationalist China, Canada, and the United States offered to take them in on a token basis. Many nations are underpopulated and could use more people to exploit their potential resources. However, the usual politics and bigotry stood in the way AS EDITORIAL DIRECTOR of The Daily, I spent a lot of time on trivia-opening mail, writing letters, exchanging gossip with staff members. But the mail brought information as interesting as any I ever heard in a classroom; the letters produced articles and the satisfac- tion of a better page; and small talk with staff members developed into some of the most re- warding friendships I have ever had. A case could be made for the academic value of The Daily-term paper ideas come from stor- ies, theories are clarified in discussions with staff members and useful facts are added to your intellectual repertoire. But I don't think this defense is necessary, or even particularly appropriate. The kinds of facts you learn on The Daily will never get you into graduate school; it is becoming in- creasingly questionable whether they will get you out of the University. Extra-curricular ac- tivities are extra-curricular, and they are prob- ably more valuable as such. THE UNIVERSITY used to offer the entering student any number of styles of life. The student-usually free to choose for the first time in life-was able to appreciate fully the alterna- tives offered. Academic pressures were not great, and the student could design his learn- ing experience as he wanted to, pursuing his own goal instead of one dictated by the Uni- versity. The University accepted the value of non- academic learning, or at least tolerated it. This is no longer true, at the University or in our society. The college preparatory high schools have become extremely grade-oriented, and the high school student interested in the outside world is gently but firmly turned back to his studies. The spectre of the objective CEEB's hangs heavy-and they have no way of measuring non-academic experience, no mat- ter how valuable. BY THE TIME the student gets to college, the academic orientation is started. By the time he graduates, it is set. Rewards come accord- ing to academic interests. A person's future depends on what the University calls, in hushed reverent tones, "the GPA." The high Grade Point Average and the good recommendation is replacing the "liberal education" as the major goal. And while the old system risked turning lazy people into diletantes with college degrees and the idea that they knew something, the new one stands the greater risk of turning intelli- gentspeople into pedants and narrow academ- icians. Caught in the middle of the system is the activities man and the amateur-the students who insist, in one way or another, that there are valuable non-academic ways to learn. With the increasing academic orientation of both the University and their fellow students, these people are put under considerable pressure to give up their extra-curricular interests and con- form. They are like cows on a railroad track. THE DAILY is in great danger of dying in the next ten years, even if the Board in Control doesn't kill it in a fit of caprice. The pressures on staff members are becoming too great. When I walked into my first English honors class as a junior, I was informed: "There is the English honors program and there is The Michigan Daily-you can't serve two masters." More recently the efforts to separate staff mem- bers from the paper have become even more in- tense. If The Daily dies, it will be because the staff members would have to mortgage the rest of their lives to make it live. THE UNIVERSITY should do two things about this situation; it should fight vigor- ously against the social pressures towards strict- ly academic orientation and it should both per- mit and encourage experiments in new kinds of learning within its walls. Instead, the University is narrowing its range, accepting only those experiments which will intensify and speed up the academic experience. Trimesters are economic, high-pressure and deadly to the freshness and imagination of the teacher and student without any rest. THE HIGHLY-TOUTED residence-hall ex- periment seems to be an effort to bring the classroom into the dorms-the University's an- swer to the supervised study hall. One attitude, seems typical of the current al-pervasive in- terest in the academic-"Somehow we must make use of-the fact that students are living together," an administrator said, hoping, no doubt, for a Philosophy 134 table at dinner, and a pro-seminar in comparative literature con- ducted in the lunch line. The purely academic way of life has its value and its rewards. It should be available as an alternative to any student who wants to par- ticipate in it-fully or in part. But it should not be the only experience available, especially at this University whose unique value lies in the diversity in styles of life it has offered. WAS LUCKY. I came to the University when it was still possible to find brilliant people with a healthy contempt for grades, and stu- dents who wrote plays instead of going to classes, and intellectuals whose favorite pas- I ness taxes only part of which are paid by the consumer. The annual appropriation to the Universit7 is only three per cent of the state budget. Therefore only three per cent of that $1,000 a year in taxes goes to the Univer- sity. This is only $30 per year per wage earner. At this rate and assuming that you are a taxpayer for 50 years' the average taxpayer contributes only $1,500 to the University. Un- der the new tuition rates the out- of-state student pays $2,840 more than the in-state student over the four-year period. * * * WE MORE than pay our way. Another point. If you define state supported university to mean the state is the only source of income Michigan is not state supported. Only one-third of the University's expenses are met by state appro- priations. The unfortunate consequence resulting from continued pursuit of this discriminatory tuition pol- icy will be a significant decrease in the out-of-state student popula- tion. These students will go to competitive schools and Michigan will suffer academically for two reasons. First colleges drawing students from small area are usu- ally not academic leaders. Second: people from different areas have different ideas and viewpoints which lends breadth and depth to life in the dorms as well as in the classroom. Let's equalize educational costs! -Robert Kaplan, '2E Affection*.. To the Editor: THE UNIVERSITY has long as- serted that it has the author- ity to act as a substitute parent for its students. To exercise this par- ental control it has established dormitories, staffed them with re- sponsible adults, and set up a maze of regulations. These regulations have a reason behind them, al- though this reason, is not always readily apparent. The staff of the dormitory is, in effect, the true substitute parents for the student. It is with them that the student has her contact. The University has appointed them to be its representative in this matter. How good is this "parent-child" relationship? It is not easy for a total stranger to win the complete confidence of her new "child." A good parent realizes that each of her children is an individual and treats each accordingly. A good parent likes all her children, and all her children like her. Unfor- tunately this goal is not reached in most staff-student relationships. THERE IS, however, one house- mother on this campus who, if she has not reached it, has come very close to this goal in her relation- ship with the girls in, her dormi- tory. Her girls are not afraid of her; in fact they have a great af- fection for her. She demands that her girls follow the University reg- ulations, but first she wins their support of them by explaining the reason behind each regulation. This earns her a great deal of re- spect from her girls. This housemother is sincerely interested in each of her girls; she does not, however, pry into their personal affairs. In time of need, no girl hesitates about going to her for help. They know that she will give them sound advice and will keep their problems con- fidential. She functions as a true mother away from home. In addition to all these virtues, she is intellectually stimulating to her girls. Her conversations are intresting, not the usual babble that comes from the mouths of so many housemothers. In other words, she is an ideal housemother. THE LOYALTY her girls have for her is great. They are willing to fight to the last ditch in an at- tempt to keep her. Last year when the girls of Betsy Barbour learned that she was being sent to the hill, a loud protest went up. A petition requestingher retention at Bar- bour, which was signed by all but two or three of the residents of Barbour, was taken to the Office of the Dean of Women. There the girls learned that the transfer was "part of the system" and nothing could be done about it. To prevent any embarrassment of this dear woman, the protest of the girls was not made public at that-time. This housemother is, of course, Mrs. Upgren, the resent house- mother of Hinsdale House, Alice Lloyd. Much to the dismay of these girls, she has been fired, for rea- sons unstated. As a member of her last year's household in Betsy Barbour, I pro- test. -Rebecca Dale Henry, '63 Boredom .. . To the Editor: PETER Goldfarb's review of "Last Year at Marienbad" was one of those not "all too rare ex- xperiences" in The Daily. Though he was correct in asserting the ex- cellence of imagery and photogra- phy in the film, Mr. Goldfarb forgot to mention that the film was also the year's most boring epic of nothingness. Mr. Goldfarb's review "fused into a totality which came near to overwhelming consciousness ... linking reality with fantasy. Un- fortunately it was more fantasy than reality. The "tyranny of Dick-and-Jane logic," which Mr. Goldfarb de- rides, feeds, clothes, and amuses him; it most likely gives him his Daily job. He should recognize this. IN HIS tryst with mysticism, the reviewer says our reality is dead ("and has been a long time"). If so, what do you live in, Mr. Goldfarb? Non-reality? Unreality? That may be wishful thinking on your part, but why subject readers to your neuroses? "Last Year at Marienbad" was a mystical concoction designed to filch the public of 90 cents and make it think it had seen some- thing terribly abstruse. In fact, the public experienced boredom, nothing more and nothing less. -Michael Hyman, '65 Errors. .. To the Editor: THE STAFF of the 1962 Michi- ganensian is aware that there has been a considerable amount of misinformation and unsubstantl ated rumor as to the cause of some of the mistakes that were made in this year's publication. Some of these errors can be at- tributed to us; some of them to our printer. With regard to the latter we would like to quote from his letter concerning this water: To the Michiganensian: "On page 216 (Delta Upsilon) your photo identification was as it should have been. The fact that we changed this to 229 (Phi Sigma Delta) was obviously an unex- plainable error on our part. On page 229 the picture is wrong for the sane reason that 216 is wrong. There was no way you could have discovered this on the page proof. "Page 226 (Phi Kappa Psi) be- trays a mistake in paste up. The possibility that this negligence might have been detected in proofreading may lessen the se- verity of our mistake, but it cer- tainly does not absolve us. "We cannot tell you how sorry we are about these mishaps. As I told you we check, double check, and triple check. How such mis- takes escaped us is a mystery that defies solution." -Earl Sanders Vice President Foote & Davies, Inc. ** * THE BOOK cannot be reprinted, the mistakes cannot be corrected The staff of the 1962 Mchiganen- sian sincerely regrets these errors and any embarrassment caused the groups involved. It is our hope that the sources of such problems have been found and that any repetition of this year can be elim- inated. -Jean Seinshelmner Editor -Paul F. Krynicki Business Manager 1 tM Co1 tfl3.~, TOVARt I . I'' UNDERSCORE: world Labor Fund By PHILIP SUTIN Daily Staff Writer THE United Automobile Workers are undertaking an ambitious project which, if it succeeds, may appreciably change the trade pat- terns of the world and signifi- cantly raise mankind's standard of living. At its last convention three weeks ago in Atlantic City, the union voted to put the interest of its $40 million strike fund into a "World Labor Fund." This $1.5 million kitty would be used to aid the organizing of automobile work- ers in Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America and Australia. If successful and followed by other unions, the world's workers will reach one of their long time goals-decent and adequate wages, working conditions and fringe ben- efits in all parts of the world-and at the same time eliminate the bane of highly industrialized na- ions, the sweatshop-produced good that undersells the local product. In the short run, the UAW plans to use the $1.5 million through the International ' Metalworkers Fed- eration (IMF), an asociation of metal trades unions of various free world countries. UAW president Walter Reuther heads the auto- workers section of the IMF. ONE OF the first goals of the UAW is to organize workers in international companies that trade in the United States. Recent ac- tivities along this line include or- ganizing attempts at the Cologne Volkswagen plant, and supporting / Ford workers in the Union of South Africa trying to organize in the midst of racial complica- tions. At the Ford plant Negroes doing work identical to white workers get half the white man's wage. A little more distant aim is the universal 40-hour week. This is a goal of the IMF and its free-world parent, the International Confed- eration of Free Trade Unions. Some progress has been made to- ward this goal, especially in West- ern Europe where some autowork- ers' hours have been reduced from 54 to 40 per week. The most far-reaching goal is a universal fair labor standard. Although no definition of this has been worked out, UAW officials working in the international labor area said it would approximate the United States Fair Labor Stan- dards Act of 1938 which set min- imum wages, maximum hours and some unfair labor practices. THE UAW ENVISIONS govern- mental aid in achieving this goal through the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) and the International Labor Organization (ILO), a part of the United Na- tions. Once this fair labor standard is adopted 'it would be incorporat- ed in the GATT agreement. Thus any goods not produced under this standard could not be sold in any GATT signatory country. An ILO treaty establishing these standards would make them law in every country that ratified the agree- ment. The eventual effect would be quite staggering. Even if this stan- dard were not arbitrarily applied in monetary terms, which would be inflationary, the improved wages and working conditions would al- low growth of underdeveloped na- tions and would ease the economic gap and tensions that derive from it. FURTHER, it would hasten the development of a: free trade world as high-wage industry would be protected from sweatshop com- petition. An international labor standard is much more effective than a tariff as it makes goods produced in all countries compe- titive without hindering trade. However, there are many ob- stacles hindering this international standard. The major one is the conservativenature of world gov- ernments and management who are in no hurry, for obvious rea- sons, to push for this standard. They provide a huge stumbling block that may take decades to overcome. Immediately, nationalism and parochialism will hinder interna- tional union development. The vsa- ues of the international labor standard have been obvious for at least a century. Marx said, "Workers of the world, unite!" However, national attachments and jurisdictional squabbles have di- vided labor. * * * UNIONS have been more in- terested in local conditionstand the status of their own industry than worrying about the overall labor picture. In fact many unions in DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN (Continued from Page 2) um Complex," Mon., May 28, 2009 Mu- seums Bldg., at 8:00 a.m. Chairman, C. F. Walker. Placement Social Security Office: New England Area: William Jones, Personnel Dept.. wants graduate students for social re- search analysts. Will interview at Bu- reau Thurs., May 31. PLACEMENT INTERVIEWS, Bureau of Appointments-Seniors & grad stu- dents, please call Ext. 3544 for interview appointments with the following: MON., MAY 28- Adrian college will interview candi- dates, men or women, for position of Asst. Registrar Mon. from 2:00 to 5:00 p.m. College graduate, any major, to Public Relatios Asst. Prefer Journalism major. (2) Chemical Engnr. (3) Chem- ist. (4) Food Technologists. Presbyterian-St. Luke's Hospital - Openings for Chemists, Biochemists PhD), Medical Lab. Technicians and Registered Nurses. Hospital is affiliated with Univ. of Ill. Washington State Civil Service - Al- coholism Program Supervisor. Degree plus 4 yrs. admin. or consultative ex- per. in community social agency or ex- per. in program or research related to alcoholism & rehabilitation. Advanced degree may substitute for 2 yrs. of ex- per. Albee Homes,Inc., Niles, O.-Men in- terested in Sales. Any degree. Will present the Albee pre-cut homes. No door to door canvassing. Must be