THE MICHIGAN DAILY

MurphyDescribes Deterrence Effects'

U' Faces Difficulties
Under Senate Aid Plan

By MARTHA MacNEAL
"Historical material studied at'
tanfard Research Institute ten-
tively indicates that deterrence
olicies can increase the chances
adverse effect and eventual
xplosion in international rela-
ons," Dr. Gardner Murphy, di-
ctor of research for the Men-
inger Foundation, said Friday.
Speaking on "Psychology and
iternational Relations" at a col-
quium sponsored by the psy-
iology department, Murphy cited
vo important new questions in
ds field: Do human beings re-
>ond only to fear and threat? If
e consider a theory of reward and
,nishment, what is a reward?'
"The path towards war can. be
lotted scientifically," he con-
nued,- "and choice points can
e demonstrated." The Institute
as studied the actual outbreak
f wars with control studies of
ireatening situations that did
ot lead to war, to find out what
!e signs of war are, and when,
nid in what form, intervention
ay be necessary.
Here the decision-making process
foreshadowed, with the pos-
bility that a gain for one side
ay not necessarily be a loss for
he other. Negotiations may reach
decision which is good for all
r most of the participants.
"Because of Berlin, nuclear test-

ing, disarmament, the East-West
balance of power and economic
changes in Europe and Asia, this
generation of psychologists will be
expected to know about interna-
tional affairs," Murphy emphasiz-
ed.
Many psychologists are engaged
in protest work to demonstrate a
behavioral background in inter-
national issues, but this political
role differs from scientific re-
search. Such action groups .might
be considered a moral expression
of political allegiance, where pure
classical research is undertaken
for its own sake. Most psycholo-
gists tend towards pure research,
he added.
Citing various aspects of work
in areas of international problems,
Murphy said that conflict resolu-
tion, studies of tension reduction
in small groups "requires a lot
of faith in oneself and his workc
in order tonbe useful." Oldest
historically is the definition, meas-
urement, and scaling of attitudes
through psychological assessment
of public opinion and propaganda.
The comparison of elite groups
in various countries, and of their
communication to their national
"grass roots" is a field of great
potential, Murphy zontinued.
Role playing, another method
of study, permits the psychologist

himself to act out a part. In this
way he becomes aware of prob-
lems through ego involvement.
"Role-playing is a way of putting
on special blinders, seeing through
special lenses,nso that the psy-
chologist learns to distort and
misinterpret experimentally,"
Murphy explained.
Slow education in reality, as
through UNESCO, college and in-
ter-American studies have become
inadequate because "nuclear war
possibilities are so desperately ter-
rifying that we need more spacixic
research programs."
Among his suggestions for such
programs, Murphy included the
application of the psychology of
stable systems to the military
threat, and cited new problems of
military accidents, the difficulty
of knowing what the Russian gov-
ernment is planning, and fallout1
shelters.
"For a long time, perhaps since
the Black Death, mankind has not
known what it is like to face
psychological terror on such a
large scale. .

"Perhaps the system is stable,"
he continued. "We cannot decide
what is normal and what is psy-
chotic. The psychosis of he ex-
treme rightists demonstrates a
get-it-over-with attitude which
may indicate that we cannot sup-
port suspense and uncertainty for
decades. War is so much more
real than peace."
"It may be impossible to do
very much. Everything is wound
up to maximum tightness so that
the situation seems to be a psy-
chotic prison from which there is
little chance of escape. You are
criticized if you want either to
lessen or to increase the pres-
sure."
As an alternative, Murphy offer-
ed the use of the concept of cycles
to get feedback data on leader-
ship and response. He, suggested
individual character studies at
summit levels, studies of attitudes,
moods, interpersonal relations, and
the personality and psychology of
political leaders. A corresponding
prediction method through anal-
ysis of social trends should be
developed, he urged.

It would be dificult for the
University to use the loans pro-
vided for in the Senate version of
President Kennedy's Aid to Edu-

cation bill, Vice-President in
Charge of Finance Wilbur K. Pier-
pont explained.
The University and other state
institutions avoid using loan
money for academic facilities
since they do not produce revenue
to repay the original loan.
The House version of the bill
allows for matching funds, funds
which both a university and the
government provide some of the
money, and grants in aid. Grants
in aid or gifts from foundations
usually support academic facility
construction.
Pierpont does feel that if the
bill passes, the University and
other state schools will benefit.
Amounts of money will vary de-
pending on certain factors which
the House and Senate will desig-
nate. These factors could include
such things as state population
size or size of the institution.

WILBUR K. PIERPONT
.. aid problems

I

TONIGHT

3 .1

Recording

erlin Crisis Expands Need
'ror U.S. Services Officers

T

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(Continued from Page 1)
senior years. If they decide to con-
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Womeni's Program
If .the women enter the Army
-ro ra~ E only after graduation,
ake 18 weeks of train-
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'er c".
T r'wn are commissioned
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