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See Page 4
Seventy-One Years of Editorial Freedom
VOL. LXXII; No. 130 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, MARCH 30, 1962 SEVEN CENTS
EIGHT PAG
enate Tax.
Geerlings Prepares
For New Showdown
Porter Cancels Education Hearings
As Beadle, Conlin Plan Income Levy
By MICHAEL HARRAH
Special To'The Daily
LANSING-The University's-state appropriation will be held up
until the tax issue is settled by the Legislature, according to Sen. El-
mer R. Porter (R-Blissfield), chairman of the Senate Appropriation
Committee.
Porter said yesterday he is cancelling all hearings for colleges and
universities on their budget requests until further notice.
Discharge Committee
Sen. Haskell L. Nichols (R-Jackson) has promised a showdown
on the tax question Monday night, when he will ask the Senate to
Hassle Bogs Down
'
Appropriatioi
.n"
r\ j... . ,
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STEPHEN S. NISBET
... con-con deadline
Mason Cites
High .court
Control Risk
By' HELENE SCHIFF
Can a line of demarcation be
drawn between judicial review and
judicial supremacy or does .ju-
dicial review inevitably run the
risk of becoming judicial suprem-
acy?
This was the question posed yes-
terday by Prof. Alpheus T: Mason
of Princeton Vniversity in the
fourth' lecture of the Cook Series
on "The Supreme Court: Palla-
dium of Freedom."
dTo illustrate these thin boun-
daries-Prof. Mason cited the con-
I
PROF. ALPHEUS MASON
judicial review.
flicts between John Marshall and
Thomas Jefferson, and between
Charles Evans Hughes and Frank-
lin D. Roosevelt.
Review into Supremacy
Hughes and Marshall were simi-
lar because they both "converted
the valid doctrine of judicial re-
view into a spurious judicial su-
premacy," Prof. Mason said., The
difference is that history has re-
pudiated Hughes' theory of the
union and it has sustained that of
Chief Justice Marshall.
Marshall and Hughes served as
Chief Justices along with strong-
minded Chief Executives. During
these periods the Court's power
was not under attack, he explain-
ed. Jefferson and Roosevelt want-
ed to curb abuses and influence
the Court's use.
Jefferson's complaint was about
national supremacy because Mar-
shall had used the court to en-
large national power. Roosevelt's
complaint was judicial supremacy
because Hughes had asked the
Court to defeat national power.
Narrow Role
Roosevelt and Marshall saw the
Court's role as a narrow one thus
leaving the other branches free
to adapt the Constitution to var-
ious crises of the times.
Prof. Mason will deliver his final
lecture of the series on "Shoring
the Republic's Foundation" at 4:15
p.m. today in Rackham Amphi-
theater. He will examine the
zourt's positive role in safeguard-
ing the political processes.
Board Plans,
Ballot Appeal
The current literary college
senior class officers are planning
+. 1n+1h Tr4 TilinMam.v
vote to discharge the Taxation
Committee, chaired by Sen. Clyde
H. Geerlings (R-Holland), from
further consideration of -all bills
currently before it.
Nichols is calling for open de-
bate-on the income tax issue.
Geerlings is unperturbed, how-
ever. "They'd better count their
votes again," he said. "It takes
18 votes to bypass a committee."
He called upon all his commit-
tee members to be "alert Monday
night for the battle."
Proposed Budget
University officials have been
virtually on call for the last cou-
ple weeks, expecting to be sum-
monedto Lansing to justify the
proposed $45.8 million budget re-
quest. I
Meanwhile, on the heel of Nich-
ols' move, Senate sources reveal-
ed that Sen. Frank G. Beadle (R-
St. Clair) and Rep. Rollo G. Con-
.lin (R-Tipton) are preparing their
own tax reform proposal, which
will include a flat-rate income
levy.
Nichols move then could have
been an attempt to pave the way
for Beadle to introduce his plan
without fear of its being side-
tracked by Geerlings.
Positive Action
Sen. Harry R. Litowich (R-Ben-
ton Harbor) doubted that the
Moderate Republican - Democrat
coalition, which he bolted last
week, had the necessary 18 votes
to take any positive action on an
income tax.
There is speculation that, when
Litowich walked out of the Mod-
rates coalition, he carried Sena-
tors Thomas F. Schweigert (R-
Petoskey) and John H. Stahlin (R-
'Belding), candidate for lieutenant
governor, with him.
This would leave the 10 Dem-
ocrats with only five extra votes,
including Nichols. The addition
of Beadle would only bring the
total to 16-two short of enough.
No Concession
Beadle and Conlin were not
ready to reveal the full details
of their plan, but Geerling did
not concede it would have a
chance.
Sen. Carleton H. Morris (R-
Kalamazoo), longtime foe of the
income tax, was confident it would
be defeated. "There aren't enough
votes to pass an income tax," he
said. "Perhaps this is the time to
prove it."
Speaker of the House Don R.
Pears (R-Buchanan) doubted that
Democrats in the House could
muster enough support to pass an
income tax in his chamber.
"They'll need more than just a
few Republican votes," he said.
"And all the Democrats aren't go-
ing to vote for it either."
Talk of Adjournment
Pears said it was "hard to tell"
whether the impasse over taxes
would continue, but he said that
there was talk of adjourning un-
til late in May and not considering
taxes or appropriations until then.
The Senate situation, however,
r e m a i n s somewhat uncertain,
pending the outcome of the special
election Monday in the Upper Pen-
insula that gives constitutional
concention delebate Kent T. Lund-
gren (R-Menominee) a slight edge
over Mackinac Bridge Commis-
sioner Prentiss M. Brown, Jr., St.
Ignace Democrat.
Lundgren has not indicated how
he will stand on the tax issue,
but his Upper Peninsula"Republi-
can colleagues are against an in-
come tax levy.
One Man Short
The election, to fill the seat of
the late William E. Miron (D-Es-
canaba), will leave the Senate still
onn mannshnt of fulls trnth.
Convention
Aproves
commission
special To The Daily
LANSING -- The constitutronal
convention yesterday passed Lee
Boothby's (R-Niles) proposed civ-
il rights commission, appointed b~y
the governor, with duties proscrib-
ed by the Legislature.
The proposal, a substitute for
an earlier proposal which met
heavy Republican opposition, pass-
ed 118-9.
The commission would be em-
powered to deal with such mat-
ters as the Legislature determin-
ed to be within its jurisdiction,
and it would have such power as
the Legislature decided to delegate
in each case.
May 15
Meanwhile Con-Con President
Stephen S. Nisbet (R-Fremont) is
not looking forward to May 15.
That's the day that the appro-
priated pay for con-con delegates
runs out, and practically everyone
concedes that the business of the
h convention will not be finished by
then.
"I feel like I'm sitting on a
lighted fuse," Nisbet said yester-
day. "We might be able to keep
the delegatesson for a week or two,
since they had Christmas off with
pay, but after that, who knows."
Less Cordial
The Senate Appropriations Com-
mittee was somewhat less than
cordial to a request by con-con
Vice-President Edward Hutchin-
son (R-Fennville) to vote extra
funds tohcontinue the convention,
and Sen. Elmer R. Porter (R-Bliss-
field), chairman of the commit-
tee, said, "Maybe we can't get
anything for them."
Anthony Stamm (R-Kalama-
zoo) estimated that as many as 50
delegates would not serve without
pay, though he conceded that some
would continue as long as neces-
sary.
Some Democrats, on the other
hand, indicated that they were in
no hurry to complete their efforts
by May 15.
"Why should we help the Re-
publicans pull their chestnuts out
of the fire," Arthur J. Madar (D-
Detroit), said. "They've done all
the talking on the floor."
Frondizi
Replaced
By Guido
Senate President
Surprizes Forces
BULLETIN
BUENOS AIRES-Argentina's
military chiefs early yesterday
approved the succession of Sen-
ate President Jose Maria Guido
to the nation's presidency, suc-
ceeding ousted President Arturo
Frondizi.
BUENOS AIRES (') - Senate
President Jose Maria Guido stun-
ned the armed forces yesterday by
suddenly stepping up to the presi-
dency of Argentina without no-
tifying the rebellious military
leaders who deposed and banished
President Arturo Frondizi.
The new president calmly dis-
missed speculation that the com-
manders might throw him out.
There was a tense, confused in-
terval of nine hours between the
exiling of Frondizi on a naval is-
land and Guido's unprecendented
and almost private oath-taking
ceremony in the supreme court.
Refuse Pleas
Guido's sudden action - after
hours of refusing military pleas
that he take the office-touched
off a wave of anger among top
leaders, creating an impression
that he might not be allowed to
wield executive power.
There were rumors about that
Gen. Raul Poggi, army comman-
der in chief and a leader of the
bloodless coup that ended Fron-
dizi's four-year regime in the
early hours of the day, had sworn
himself in to replace Guido.
But in a pre-midnight news
conference, Guido was a picture
of cool confidence, declaring: "I
expect to takencharge formally
here at government house at noon
today."
He said there was a "general
understanding" among the mili-
tary about his accession.
First in Line
As Senate president, Guido was
first in line for the job; the vice-
presidency has been vacant. '
What stunned the military was
Guido's lightning change of mind,
throughout the day there were in-
dications the generals and ad-
mirals were urging him to take+
office to preserve the impression
of constitutional procedure. But
he had appeared reluctant. +
Then he suddenly took the oath
before the Supreme Court with no
advance notice and went off to
government house, where he
plunged into a round of confer-
ences to push ahead with plans
for a new government.
Military Anger +
The Air Ministry messaged all
interior bases that he took office+
without the knowledge of the com-1
manders in chief. A following wave,
of reports told of mounting mili-+
tary anger.
The military leaders demanded,
however, that Guido fulfill a six-
point political program by mid-1
April that would outlaw all Peron-+
ists, leftists and Castroite forces,1
subject cabinet choices to military+
approval and bar Frondizi from1
any future government role.
Dean Cites
]Panty Raid
Disciplining
BULLETIN
A panty raid, after one false
start earlier in the evening;
gained momentum early this
morning when some 300 men
made a circle of the Hill.
Gathering men at the South
and West Quads, the raiders
moved on to the East Quad and
then ran to the Hill where they
chanted "We want panties" from
Stockwell Hall to Victor Vaughn.
By the time they reached Victor
Vaughn, there weren't more
than 100 men present.
By MICHAEL OLINICK
Panty raid participants can ex-
pect little change in traditional
disciplinary handling of their dis-
orderly activities, Dean of Men,
Walter B. Rea said yesterday.
Any shift in policy Itoward the
raids awaits "a clear benchmark"
from the Regents and administra-
tive offices whose current study
of the Office of Student Affairs
may produce one, Rea explained.
The faculty Subcommittee on Dis-
cipline has tabled a motion clar-
ifying "conduct unbecoming a
student" in relation to riots, panty
raids ad other demonstrations un-
til the OSA study is completed.
Rea said that the raids are view-
as disorderly demonstrations not
approved or condoned" by his of-
fice. "Prominent participants in
the raids, those who organize and
lead them or seek illegalzentry
into the women's dormitories will
still be liable for serious discip-
linary action."
Rea labelled the 800-1,000 men
who participated in Tuesday
night's raid as an "orderly, dis-
orderly group." He said there was
little sign of attempted entry and
that no students were apprehend-
ed by University authorities. "We
had reports that' some men broke
into Mosher-Jordan, but we have
found no indication that they were
students."
There are two philosophies to-
ward panty raids which the Uni-
versity could adopt, Rea said. "We
could regard them as boyish
pranks to be laughed off. Or we
could consider them demonstra-
tions which might lead to injuries
and property damage and vigor-
ously discourage them."
In the past, he explained, the
raids "to a great extent have been
regarded as 'boys will be boys'
pranks." The possibility that stu-
dents will get seriously hurt or
that the residence halls could in-
cur major physical damage has
been a growing worry of his office,
however.
Sigma I
NU's
Stat
Receivership
--Daily-Bruce Taylor
NEW STUDY-Educator and author James B. Conant came to
campus yesterday: to gather information for his new study on
"American Teacher Education." In a special interview with two
Daily reporters he explained his study and his only conclusion to
date-that teacher education varies extensively from state to state.
Conant Beglins Prloject'
OnTeacher Education
By CAROLINE DOW and JUDITH OPPENHEIM
Noted author and educator, James B. Conant was on campus yes-
terday to gather information for his new study, "American Teacher
Education in America."'
The study, comparable and sequel to his study on "The American,
High School," will be concluded by the fall of 1963. Conant hopes to
examine the prevalent problems of teacher education and seek solu-
tions to them. This study, like the first, is financed by the Carnegie
Corporation.
. "The only conclusion I have reached is that teacher education
differs greatly from state to state. I always knew the United States
was a federal union, but I never'
realized just how federal and howl
little union until I began this
study," he said. Conant plans
eventually to compare and eval-
uate the teacher-training system
of the 15 or 16 largest states which
comprise two-thirds of the na-
tion's population.
Preliminary Conclusions
When questioned as to prelim-
inary conclusions, Conant empha-
sized that he would keep an open
mind on all controversial questions
until the day of publication.
Logical Sequel
This study is the logical sequel
to "The American High School,"
Conant believes. That study de-
termined that good high schools
need a good school board to choose
a good superintendent-to choose
a good principal. The superintend-
ent and principal would then ob-
tain good teachers. "I'm studying
now where we get the good teach-
er," he explained.
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IQC Debates
using Centrex
For _P hones
By JEFFREY K. CHASE
Various aspects of the problem
of insufficient quadrangle phone
service was debated at a special
IQC meeting last night.
Two Michigan Bell Telephone
representatives were present to
make clear the possibilities for
change and to explain the possible
initiation of Centrex, an automa-
tic system which provides a pri-
vate line to each room, operates
24 hours a day and facilitates
inter-, intra, and extra-quad calls.
At the present time the com-
pany is doing a study to determine
the economical advantage of Cen-
trex for the whole University. If
this survey, hoped to be completed
by the end of May, yields positive
results and the University decides
to buy this service, the installation
process will take about two years,
a representative said.
Positive Step
John Hale, Assistant Dean of
Men, and Leonard Schaadt, Resi-
dence Halls Business Manager, al-
so present, said that the instal-
lation of phones in the rooms of
the quadrangles would be a posi-
tive step in the direction of Cen-
trex. Money spent in modernizing
the present switchboards would
have a short-run future.
IQC expressed a preference for
the addition of trunk lines to and
from the outside and direct ties
to the Hill and Markley, rather
than phones in the rooms. The
former suggestion would neces-
sitate a smaller residence hall fee
hike than would the latter,
Schaadt said.
The cost of service increases at
a more rapid rate than the ser-
vice rendered, Schaadt continued,
and the phones in the rooms seem
to be most economical in the
Whi
Of
Mai
Nat
Rul
Of
tat -type
Chapter--
in ,Quest
ional Secretary
es Withdrawal
Local Authority
By H. NEIL BERKSON
Sigma Nu national fraternity's
action of placing the local chap-
ter in receivership may mean a
change in the local's status as a
student organization.
It may also affect the chapter's
discrimination hearing before Stu-
dent Government Council next
week.
University regulations concern-
ing the basis of recognition for a
student organization say, "The or-
ganization's program and its di-
rection (must be) in the hands of
student members . ." Sigma Nu's
Receivership Plan, however, divests
current chapter members of all
authority to manage their own
affairs.
This fact was confirmed last
night by Richard Fletcher, Sigma
Nu national executive secretary,
at his home in.Lexington, Va. "The
Alumni Board of Receivers has
complete authority. It has veto
power over all chapter activities."
'Very Unusual'
Dean of Men Walter B. Rea calls
the action "very unusual." He said-
that while many nationals place
chapters under supervision, "tAs
supervision is usually of an ad'
visory nature.' He said tha
whether Sigma Nu can continue
to be recognized "depends on the
extent of alumni control. If the
alumni completely move in it may
well be that this group can no
longer be considered an under-
graduate fraternity."
Fletcher said that "authority
can be delegated by the Board to
the student members and the
Board will not be concerned .with
the day to day operations of the
fraternity. We are interested in
putting this chapter back on its
feet. We have found that this can
best be accomplished when the
alumni have actual rather than
advisory power."
To Confer
Rea and Fletcher are both at-
tending the National Association
of Student Personnel Administra-
tors Conference in Philadelphia
early next week and expect to iron
out any unclear areas then. Fletch-
er will also be in Ann Arbor on
Thursday to meet with various
chapter and University officials.
Fletcher said that, "The chair-
man of the Board of Receivers
(Dr. Sidney N. Smock of Ann Ar-
bor) will be in charge of handling
Sigma Nu's membership case" be-
fore SGC. "Again, however, this
authority may be delegated."
(Both Smock and Stuart Loud,
'62BAd, declined comment on
what procedures they would fol-
low next week.)
SGC Matter
Jesse McCorry, Grad, chairman
of the SGC Committee on Mem-
bership in Student Organizations,
said the determination of the fra-
ternity's status in regard to the
receivership is strictly a. matter
for the Council, not his commit-
tee.
He reported that during Smock's
10-day tenure, he has not yet
contacted the committee, which
made the recommendation for
withdrawal of recognition from
Sigma Nu.
Steven Stockmeyer, '63, newly
elected president of SGC declared
that SGC "has not and does not
recognize the Receivership Board.
We are not concerned with the
general health of the chapter,
only whether or not its member-
ship policy violates University reg-
ulations concerning discrimina-
tion."
It is un to the Councnino deie
Underworld Rises to Top
By ELLEN SILVERMAN
"In the last quarter century a new class has risen to a
position of power and prestige in America. That class is the
American underworld."
So begins a newly released book, "Organized Crime in
America," which deals with the evolution and impact of organ-
ized crime and the syndicate on American life.
The book, edited by Gus Tyler, director of the department
of politics, education and training for the International Ladies'
Garment Workers' Union, is a series of readings devoted to case
studies of the underworld.
- .
Organized Cartel
"This underworld is not some vague and misty cellar of our
civilization . (it) is a well-organized cartel,'with international
ties," Tyler writes. "Its inner urge is to end the typically para-
sitic lifeof criminality by taking over' the institutions on which
professional criminal traditionally preys."
Tyler charges that the American people concentrate on the
"host rather than the parasite" in trying to rid the country of
organized crime. He claims that people berate the institution in
Tyler also includes the personal histories of such noted
gangsters as Roger Touhy, Frank Costello and Louis Lepke
Buchalter.
"Organized crime in America is not the result of any one
fault in our national character . . . but springs from acts and
attitudes that we proclaim to the world with pride," Tyler writes.
He explains that the basic premises of American society rest
on the principles of unalienable rights. "Yet precisely this
concept-the right of a man or group of men to deny authority-
is the original matrix of a lawless spirit in America. This spirit
runs from Lexington and Concord, where yeomen took the law
into their own hands, to the Connecticut turnpike, where motor-
ists whiz past traffic signs to set their own speed limits."
Lawless Tradition
Tyler sees the underwomd of tomorrow in the youth gangs
of today. "From the street corner society arise the young tribes
... Inevitably, they evolve into adulthood, continuing the pattern
of group action, with its code, of internal relations and its
negative code of external relations. From each generation issue
new gangs, supplying fresh recruits to the underworld."
The Juvenile gang is seen as a culture within a culture. The
i
a