THE MICHIGAN DAILY

High Court Gives

Ver dict

In Reapportionment

Suit

Y-

Professors

View Effect
On Michigan

Sees No
Changes

Immediate
for State

By PHILIP SUTIN
Although yesterday's Supreme
Court decision allowing Tennessee
voters to seek legislative re-ap-
portionment through the local dis-
trict courts is important, no sig-
nificant changes in Michigan will
occur immediately, two University
professors noted.,
"It is an exciting decision," Prof.
Karl Lamb of the political science
department said. "It is the first
time the court has ruled on this
area."
Prof. Paul Kauper of the Law
School noted that previously the
Court had refused to rule on re-
apportionment as the issue was
deemed political, but now found it
a judicial question.
Case Merits
"The ruling, however, had noth-
ing to do with the merits of the
case," it dealt with jurisdiction,
Prof. Kauper noted.
Both professors said that the
Tennessee decision would have
little 'effect on Michigan's Legis-
lature.
In the Tennessee case there was
a clear violation of even Tennes-
see's own constitution. In Michi-
gan, they current apportionment
was approved by the voters," Prof.
Kauper said.
No Recourse
"The people in Tennessee had
no recourse, but in Michigan the
voters have initiative and refer-
endum to change apportionment,"
Prof. Lamb said.
In Lansig, August Scholle, Mich-
igan AFL-CIO president, express-
ed elation at the decision. Scholle
Who Unsuccessfully asked the
Michigan Supreme Court in 1959
to force reapportionment, declar-
ed, "If what I understand about
the decision is true, I can see no
reason why the same decision
should not apply for us in Michi-
gan.
John Hannah (R-East Lansing),
chairman of Con-Con reappor-
tionment committee, said attor-
neys had advised him that the rul-
ing was aimed at states in which
the legislature has failed or re-
fused to comply with its own con-
stitutional edicts to re-apportion
the state.
Romney Hits
Intervention
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON - George Rom-
ney said Sunday that the admin-
istration should not attempt to
direct the steel industry contract
negotiations because it "will ul-
timately lead to government deter-
mination of wages and prices."
In a taped television interview,
he said the president and Secre-
tary of Labor Arthur Goldberg
have no authority to interpret for
themselves what is in the public
interest.

-AP Wirephoto
ALGERIAN BATTLEGROUND-Fighting yesterday between the
European secret army and French government forces resulted in
these wrecked and burning cars on the streets of Oran. In
Algiers 15 people were killed in clashes and bombings during
the day.
Settlers Rally in Al1giers;
French Seize OSA Chief
By The Associated Press
ALGIERS-European settlers rallied to the call of the Secret
Army yesterday with a defiant march that ended in a bloodbath in
the center of Algiers.
A government spokesman said 15 persons were killed and 130
wounded; other sources put the death toll at 31.

Lower Body-
May Decide
On Districts
Frankfurter, Harlan
Register Dissentions
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON - Urban voters
won a first-round victory yester-
day in their long fight against
rural domination of state legis-
latures.,
By a 6-2 vote, the Supreme
Court ruled lower federal courts
may determine whether city voters
are unconstitutionally discriminat-
ed against in the apportionment of
legislative seats.
Speaking for the majority in de-
ciding a case from Tennessee, Jus-'
tice William J. Brennan said, "We
have no cause at this stage to
doubt the district court will be
able to fashion relief if violations
of constitutional rights are found."
Dissenting Opinions
Justices Felix Frankfurter and
John M. Harlan wrote dissenting
opinions, with Frankfurter's rn-
ning 64 pages.
Brennan disagreed with Frank-
furter and Harlan in their con-
tention that the court action con-
stitutes an unwarranted intrusion
into the political affairs of a state.
His position is that it was not
a political matter, but one involv-
ing 'constitutional rights.
On Merits
In his concurring opinion, Clark,
said the high court should have
decided the case on its merits in-
stead of sending it back to the
lower courts for determination.
The case now goes back to a
special three-judge district court
in Nashville. In December 1959
that court dismissed the case on
the ground it had no jurisdiction.
The litigation was originnated
by a group of voters living in
larger Tennessee cities. They were
supported by the Department of
Justice and several Tennessee
cities, including Nashville, Chat-
tanooga, Knoxville and Memphis.
Justices Potter, Stewart, Clark
and William . Douglas wrote
separate, concurring opinions.
"An unbroken line of precedence
sustains the federal court's juris-
diction of the subject matter as
federal constitutional claims of
this nature," Brennan wrote for
the majority.
Ministers End
Geneva Talks
GENEVA (I)-Secretary of State
Dean Rusk and Soviet Foreign
Minister Andrei A. Gromyko end-
ed their Geneva talks on the Ber-
lin dispute last night without re-
solving any East-West differences.
They agreed, however, to con-
tinue discussing the problem by
other means.
Rusk will fly to Washington late
today to report to President John
F. Kennedy on his delicate Geneva
diplomatic missions.

Impasse
Develops
In Dispute
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON-United States-
sponsored secret talks between the
Netherlands and Indonesia over
disputed New Guinea have broken
down, informed diplomatic sources
said yesterday.
The stumbling block is the key
issue of administering the Dutch-
held territory.
The Dutch Cabinet held a spe-
cial meeting last night on the im-
passe that has developed with In-
donesia in the United States-
sponsored talks over disputed New
Guinea.
After the meeting a spokesman
said only that the situation will be
taken up today with a parliamen-
tary committee on foreign affairs.
While the United States re-
mained hopeful that the informal
talks which recessed last Thurs-
day would be resumed, diplomatic
informants did not share this
optimism.
Deputy ,Undersecretary of State
George Moghee was informed last
Friday that the chief Indonesian
envoy, Ambassador Adam Malik
who represents his country in the
Soviet Union, would not return
to the secret meeting place near
Washington because of disappoint-
ment over the Dutch attitude in
the Va'ee days of talks last week.
By the second day of the talks,
the informant said, it became
clear that the Dutch envoy, Am-
bassador J. H. Van Roijen, would
not agree to Indonesian adinims-
tration of New Guinea.
Defies Order
Of Miltary
BUENOS AIRES ()- Defying
new demands by military chiefs
that he resign, President Arturo
Frondizi swore in a new cabinet
yesterday.
He prepared to press on with
the austerity program that brought
a Peronist upheaval at the polls
and provoked the nation's worst
crisis in seven years.
The president, survivor of 35
crises since his 1958 election, faced
yet another obstacle in his fight
to hang on to office-a split in top
military ranks between command-
ers backing a temporary truce in
the tug-of-war and those insisting
Frondizi quit now.
Present at the swearing-in was
Gen. Rosendo Fraga, secretary of
the army, who has called on his
generals to give mediators a chance
to settle the current crisis, now in
its ninth day.
But less than 24 hours after
Fraga made his appeal, the army
commander-in-chief, Gen. Raul
Poggi, urged his boss to drop such
a truce and poll all top command-
ers to find out quickly whether
most of them want Frondizi oust-
ed.
In southern Buenos Aires prov-
ince, Gen. Franklin Rawson is-
sued a communique pledging his
third cavalry division to support
those insisting on Frondizi's re-
moval.

I

WASHINGTON (M) - Govern-
ment officials said yesterday the
United States now is well ahead'
of the Soviet Union in nuclear
capability and can stay there al-
though it will be expensive and,
in some cases, politically difficult
The missile gap-if it ever exist-
ed-does not mean much In terms
of over-all military strength be-
cause the United States has other
military advantages which in sum
total give it superior strength,
these officials said.
The missile-gap issue, much dis-
cussed during the 1960 political
campaign, came into the news over
the weekend with publication of
Senate testimony to the effect that
the alleged Russian missile lead
was a product of United States es-
timates which, since, have been
revised to downgrade Russian
missile strength.
Briefings
The question came up yester-
day in the~ course of briefings at
the State Department for approx-
imately 800 newsmen from around
the country.
Official sources, who could not
be quoted by name, said America
is considered stronger than Rus-
sia in atomic weapons capability.
It is true that, on the basis of
previous intelligence estimates,
some people in Washington had
concluded that the Russians had
a lead in ato ic warhead missiles.
They added, however, that oth-
er "gaps" did and still do exist
in which America is ahead, such
as in bomber strength, submar-
ines carrying Polaris missiles, and
United States forces deployed over-
seas.
Nike-Zeus
The newsmen were also told
that supporters of the Army's
Nike-Zeus anti-missile missile pro-
gram believe their weapon will
show up well in the forthcoming
United States nuclear tests in the
atmosphere, to be held in the Pa-
cific.
Nike-Zeus proponents contend
that it is difficult for the Russians
to develop a decoy missile that
would fool the Nike-Zeus system,
that the United States, itself, has
not been able to build an effec-
tive decoy yet, and that it would
be tough for the Soviets to pierce
a Nike-Zeus defense through mas-
Propose New
Public Works
,job Program
WASHINGTON ( - President
John F. Kennedy proposed yester-
day an immediate $600 million
public works program to pump
job-making projects into nearly
1,000 American communities still
suffering from heavy unemploy-
ment.
Kennedy asked the House and
Senate public works committees
to okay the new plan as part of a
$2-billion standby capital improve-
ments program he had asked ear-
lier to ease the impact of future
recessions.
The President said that despite
strong recovery from the latest re-
cession the economy still has "con-
siderable distance to go before full
employment is restored" in many
communities and rural areas.

i

Officials View Foreign Policy

The Secret Army had just learn
in its underground war to keep1
World News
Roundup
By The Associated Press
JERUSALEM-Attorney Gener-
al Gideon Hausner used Adolf
Eichmann's own words yesterday
in an effort to persuade Israel's
highest court to uphold his death
sentence.
* .
EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE,
Calif. - A series of X-15 rocket
plane flights preparatory to an
attempt to reach an altitude of
250,000 feet next month was an-
nounced yesterday by the Nation-
al Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration.
HOUSTON-Col. John Powers,
the voice of Cape Canaveral, said
here yesterday that the next flight
into space is scheduled in 5 or 6
weeks.
WASHINGTON - The Army is
making "considerable progress" in
developing a nerve gas which could
rob the inhabitants of a large city
of any defense effectiveness for
several hours.
* * *
MOSCOW-East Germany pro-
posed yesterday in a note to North
Atlantic T r e a t y Organization
members establishment of a con-
sular relationship to facilitate
movement in and out of East Ger-
many and Berlin.
* *
BERLIN-The Russians have
advised the United States Army
they are investigating the shoot-
ing up of an American staff car by
East German police, an Army
spokesman said yesterday.
UNITED NATIONS-The Soviet
Union yesterday turned over to the
United Nations a detailed Ireport
of its outer space operations dur-
ing the period 1957-1962 for enter-
ing in a United Nations register.
*. * *
LONDON-Britain and France
last night announced agreement
on. the principles of a joint pro-
gram to develop a supersonic air-
liner capable of carrying more
than 100 passengers at speeds of
over 1,500 m.p.h.
NEW YORK-Trading was mod-
erately active yesterday on the
stock exchange but a weakness in
some leading issues accompanied
a steep loss. The Dow-Jones aver-
ages showed 30 industrials down
5.79.

ned it had been dealt a severe blow
Algeria French. Ex-Gen. Edmond
OJouhaud, once high in French-
military .circles, had been seized
in Oran. He was hustled off to a
prison in Paris, where he is un-
der death sentence.
In Paris, President Charles de
Gaulle urged France last night to
approve the Algerian peace accords
and at the same time sternly
warned the terrorist secret army
that it could look forward only to
punishment.
Asks Support
De Gaulle, in a nationally tele-
vised and broadcast speech, called
for support in the April 8 referen-
dum, when Frenchmen will vote
approval or disapproval of last
week's peace accords ending the
seven-year Algerian nationalist re-
bellion.
He cautioned that the alterna-
tives are "development or chaos"
for Algeria.
As night fell over the city of
Algiers, French officials described
the situation as "tragically alarm-
ing." They expressed fears that
general rioting and fratricidal war
may lie ahead, with the European
colons stoutly supporting the ter-
ror of the Secret Army.
The French government also
announced yesterday that the
length of service for French draft-
ees will be cut back to 24 months
by the end of this year and to 18
months in the first half of 1963.
Conscripts now are held in serv-
ice about 27 months.
The end of fighting against the
Algerian Nationalist rebels was
given as the reason for the reduc-
tion in length of service.


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Tomorrow atr 8
B'nai B'rith Hillel Foundation presents
DR. RICHARD L. CUTLER
Assoc. Prof. of Psychology
on
"Search for Identity and Relationship to God"
The 5th Lecture in the Seri'es
"An Inquiry into The Jew in Western Civilization"
All Are Welcome 1429 Hill St.
University of Michigan
GILBERT & SULLIVAN SOCIETY
is presenting

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MILKMAID

I

Kennedy outines fhi
cold war strategy
Last year in Moscow, Khrushcnev
spelled out his master plan in no
uncertain terms. But what is Ken-
nedy's strategy? In this week's Post,
in an authoritative article based
on talks with the President and
his chief advisers, Stewart Alsop
reports on Kennedy's long-range
thinking. And tells how such cri-
ses and-Cuba, Vietnam and Berlin
shaped the President's views.
The Saturday.Eneeung MARCH Of
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