QT4, A101-gn m Seventy-Second Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN .. UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS There Opinions AreFree STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLD. 9ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Truth Will Prevail" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in atl reprints. ESDAY, MARCH 21, 1962 NIGHT EDITOR: CAROLINE DOW Official Peace in Algeria But Fighting' Goes, On T NOON on Monday, the French Army stopped shooting members of the Algerian rational Liberation Front, and the Algerians topped shooting the soldiers of France. A ease-fire agreement, negotiated in mistrust, ostility and fear on the shore of Lake Geneva as brought this costly and terrible war 'to n unsteady end. Under the terms of the agreement the people f Algeria will indicate, in a referendum held 'ithin six 'months, whether they wish to re- rain 'an integral part of France or, if they hoose independence, whether to continue close ooperation with their ex-masters. Until the referendum is held, Algeria will be overned by a French high commissioner and 12-man provisional executive. A general mnesty is to be proclaimed, and the right f .anyone to emigrate from the North African ation is guaranteed. France will continue to njoy an advantageous position regarding the aluable Algerian oil. Pretty UGLI U HE UNDERGRADUATE library, built as a, functional study center, has become a play en. From noon until midnite the din never eases. "What are you doing Saturday night," Eow have you been," "What, studying?-Let's o have coffee," "And then I said to him " hapter meetings, coffee clatches and an oc- asional seminar, prowlings, expeditions and chibitions . . . you can see them all-plus reryone who's anyone-at the UGLI. The poor engineer attempting toresearch mid informal rush, the student, doing-, a paper, ho cannot find a seat after 7 p.m., or the udent who seeks peace and quiet after an fternoon of attempted study in the dorms is uck with nowhere to go. No one denies that thee has to be some ntral gathering place for the undergraduates. ow is one to get a date or discuss the social tuation with one's friends? UT WHY THE UGLI?-Why not the Union, League or coffee shops, or even men's partments? Admittedly, the UGLI is pretty. has all those blocks of colors and even has >oks, which makes one feel like one is getting Zings done. , I make a suggestion-divide the library into vo sections-the basement and first floor for cializing and the second and third floors r the long-suffering engineers and serious udents. Second, all "social studiers" go out for coffee ten p.m. and then go home so that those io couldn't fit on the second and third yors can come back from the General Li- ary when it closes at ten. Then those refugees n study until midnight. Please?. -CAROLINE DOW THE WAR in Algeria began with a series of isolated attacks on French installations in October, 1954-7 years and 5 months ago. It has cost over $20 billion, and resulted in the loss of a quarter of a million lives. It has been a brutal and bloody struggle involving cruel murders and inhuman torture, almost daily. Its end is welcomed on both sides of the Iron Curtain. But no mere agreement, however carefully, and intelligently written, can solve all the problems of two nations so long at war. The scars and hatreds engendered, the economic problems and the rubble of war still remain and will remain. Most vocal in their hatred and most dan- gerousto the new peace so painstakingly gained will be the Secret Army Organization-the armed and often uniformed terrorist group known as the OAS-from its name in French. The OAS is set up along military lines and led by former officers of the French army itself. Its goal is French Algeria-"Algerie Francaise"-and .it has pledged .itself to an unending war of extermination against its irreconcilable foes, the Algerian nationalists. PROF. INIS CLAUDE has rightly called the OAS a "lunatic fringe." In the guise of patriotism and anti-communism the clande- stine group uses and encourages the weapons of fascism. Its armbands are seen in the bloodlusting mobs that sweep the streets of Algiers and Oran. Its agents machine-gun political opponents with little fear of punish- ment. Its propaganda defies President de Gaulle and urges French soldiers to desert and sabo- tage. The success of the joint French-Moslem police force set up to maintain order in deal- ing with the OAS will determine more than anything else the future of Algeria. THE MOSLEM communities in Algeria have not been memerly the innocent victims of terrorism. Many of the mutilated bodies-so common in the cities that they no longer attract attention-have been Europeans. With the cease-fire signed, many Moslems are urging a massive bloodbath of revenge. Responsible Moslem leaders see the danger of such a move, but whether they can control the revenge- hungry masses is .another question for the future. Despite the truce and the eventual with- drawal of the hated French, the nationalist leaders of Algeria will face an almost over- whelming mountain of problems in governing ,,the nine million Moslems and one million Europeans in the nation. So far these leaders seem to have kept the Algerian Communists under control and out of top positions. The future national policy of Algeria will depend on the extent to which it has to call on the Soviet-bloc nations for aid and support. It would be to the advantage of the West to try to make this unnecessary. -JAMES NICHOLS . r; - i & S y. - ' ~ NEW EDUCATIONAL TECHNIQUE: Teaching Machine Revolution MINOW AND CO.: TV's 'Untouchables' Attack Local Programs By RICHARD OSTLING Associate Editorial Director A NEW GROUP of "Untouch- ables" moved into Chicago this week. Their purpose was not to clean up the Capone crime ring, but to scrutinize the world of television programming. This latter-day group of "feds" is the Federal Communications Commission. Since Newton Minow assumed an Eliot Ness-like leader- ship over the body they have be- come noticeably pretty fed up with TV. ** * THE FCC came to Chicago this week to see Just how much public service is being provided by the five local TV channels. The hear- ings are being run by Robert E. Lee, one of the Commissioners, who comes from Chicago. This is an unprecedented move. Instead of repeating the time- worn adage that stations should meet the "public interest, con-' venience and necessity," and au- DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN The 'Daily Official Bulletin Is an official publication of The Univer- sity of Mibian for which The Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3564 Administration Building before 2 p.m., two days preceding publication. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 21 General Notices Regents' Meeting: Fri., April 20. Com- munications for consideration at this meeting must be in the President's hands not later than April 10. Please submit TWENTY copies of each com- munication. Preliminary PhD Examinations in Economics: Theory examinations willbe given on Thurs. and Fri., April 26 and 27, 1962. The examinations in other subjects will be given beginning on Mon April 30. Each student planning to take these examinations should leave with the secretary of the department of economics not later than April 9, 1962, his name and the three fields in which he desires to be examined. Preliminary Examination in English: Applicants for the PhD in English who expect to take the preliminary exami- nations this summer are 'requested to leave their names with Dr. Ogden, 109 Haven Hal. The examinations will be given as follows: English iterature, 1550-1660, Tues., April 17, 1:30 to 4:30 p.m.; English and American Literature, 1660-1790, Sat., April 21, 9 a.m. to 12 m.: 1790-1870, Tues., April 24, 1:30 to 4:30 p.m.; and 1870-1950, Sat., April 28, 9 a.m. to 12 m. The Tuesday examina- tions will be given in Room 165, Busi- ness Administration Bldg.; the Satur- day examinations will be given in Room 1408, Mason Hall. 'The List of persons who passed the language exam for the MA in history is posted in the office of the Depart- ment of History, 3601 Haven Hall. Events Wednesday opening tonight - The University Players, Dept. of Speech, present Gra- ham Greene's "The Living Room," wed. through Sat.. March 21-24, 8:00 p.m. Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre, Wed. and Thurs. performances $1.50, 1.00; Fri. and Sat. performances $1.75, 1.25. Box office open 10-5 Mon. & Tue&, Mar. 19 & 20; 10-8 Mar. 21-24. Events Thursd'vy Applied Mathematics Seminar: Prof. Robert K. Ritt will speak on "Eolution of an lahomogeneous Plasma and As- (Continued from Page 4) tomatically renewing station h- censes, the FCC is investigating the actual situation in broad- casting on the local level, where it counts most. Not only is "public interest" sadly lacking on the local level- compare network public affairs shows to what the Detroit chan- nels offer-but this is the only control the FCC has over the in- dustry. * * * THE FCC can refuse to renew a local station license. But it can't do anything to the network under present legislation. Just by coincidence, the three network stations in Chicago have not had their licenses renewed yet, although they expired last Dec. 1. They are WBBM-TV (CBS), WNBQ (NBC) and WBKB (ABC). Two independent stations -WGN and WTTM-have already been licensed for another three years. WTTM is an educational TV station, and WGN is highly re- spected for its handling of local news and documentaries. Lee stressed to the Associated Press this week that -this inquiry will have nothing to do with the license renewal for the three net- work chanels, but the coincidence is interesting. What the FCC wants to find out is: s How much Chicago TV star tions are trying to determine. the needs of Chicago's citizens in their local programming. * How effectively the stations have met these needs. * How much public demand exists for additional or different types of local TV productions. If the hearings establish any- thing in favor of souped-up local programming, it will be a boon for TV. If a station has any re- sponsibility to the local area, it should present something more than old movies and programs spoon-fed from the network in New York. * * * THE NETWORK QUESTION is of particular interest. It has been buzzed around the industry for some time that network stations, with their time tied up on nation- ally-oriented fare, have been es- pecially lax in local programming. And lurking in 'the background of the Chicago story is a long-term fight between the TV performers' union and WNBQ. The union claims NBC cut back on local productions in Chicago in 'viola- tion of the public interest (also ' losing jobs for many union em- ployees, which is what the union is really upset about.) The FCC is also considering the NBC-union feud at present. * * * THIS WEEK about 100 wit- nesses from all sides will be heard. Then, following the National As- sociation of Broadcasters eonven- tion which is in Chicago from April 1 to 4, the FCC will listen to what the stations have to say. The result of these events could be far-reaching changes in local TV programming on hundreds of channels across the nation, if the FCC decides on a "get tough"' policy. The answer to this should become clear when the findings of the FCC's recent study of network influence are released. By ELLEN SILVERMAN Daily Staff Writer PROGRESSIVE educators who appeal for development of crea- tive thinking in the schools may find and answer to their problem in the teaching machine. School boards often turn down these innovations with the com- ment, "We just don't have enough time for individual study." But with the teaching machine, teach- ers will have time to spend with students for encouraging indivi- dual study and stimulating crea- tive thought. ** * THE PROCESS of creative thinking, as defined by psychol- ogists, takes time. According to Morgan, the stu- dent formulates a problem and collects the facts necessary for solution. In the incubation period he analyzes the material. He then settles upon a method of solution. He re-evaluates the material, re- vises it and accounts for the minor problems. The time necessary for even the formulation of an individual prob-' lem is rarely given to students in American schools. There are too many students in each class, too few teachers. Local administrators dislike any new "frills" added to the curriculum. But this is a vital stage in a student's development. A whole new world is opened to a student through exploration. But in order to explore, the student must know facts upon which to build, not facts to be repeated verbatim on an exam. And the teaching machine is the instrument which can teach these facts, quickly. And with fact- learning time shortened, there is more time for creative study. And the student and the teacher will now have the opportunity to work on separate projects and experi- ments which will better challenge. * * * THE teaching machine uses a series of questions presented to a student in a specific order. Learning is "reinforced" by the satisfaction of getting the right answer and being able to progress. In some machines, if the stu- FEPC Stirs Racial Consciousness APPARENTLY the Kennedy administration It would be nice to think that this was is not content that racial discrimination has simply a well-intentioned but quite misguided een eradicated in some institutions in this action one the part of the Fair Employment untry. Rather it is intent upon stirring up Practices Commission. Hopefully they only teial consciousness where it has long been "nt to determine whether the proportion of ?ad. Negroes employed by universities has increased Evidence for this comes from the request lately (though what they will do with this in- cently received by the Regents from a Presi- formation is open to question). 'ntial commission for the breakdown of Uni- However it seems troubling that any com- rsity employees by race. The University does mission of the federal government would take ot keep such records, and it could only gather the trouble to stir up any racial consciousness Lch information at great expense both political at the University where it does not exist. The id financial. issue of racial discrimination should not be Happily, the color of one's skin is not a allowed to embroil an institution of learning, ctor in being employed by the University. for its effects are obviously emotional. herefore, it would be useless to keep such a cord on University employees. Such a policy THE UNIVERSITY has never given the quite in keeping with President Kennedy's slightest reason for anyone to believe that air Employment Practices Commission, which it discriminates in its hiring practices. Why !vocates a policy of no racial discrimination should the FEPC suddenly request information hiring. which the University does not have? And so it is somewhat difficult to under- HoeulthFECmaswl.Tyar and just why this same administration would hying to eradicate discrimination. But from seeking anything so meticulous as a break- here on in it would be better if the Com- i)n of employees by race. If this is for the mission stopped to consider the effects of their irpose of checking on the University, it is investigations. Even if their intended victim is sulting. If this is simply a matter of record, entirely innocent, an association with an FEPC is in violation of President Kennedy's own inquiry is damning enough to stir up specula- ilicles. tion and suspicion." But the University has problems enough Wshington. Other fsedl inuirens ofr t without becoming an intocent and unwarrant- Washington. Other federal inquires of the e itmi arca otoes. ed victim in a racial controversy. me nature crop up now and then.s -MICHAEL HARRAH I 1midoiatz &y Honesty Editorial Staff "I COULD only feel it my moral responsibility JOHN RUOBE=RS, Editorl PHILIP S JHERMAN FAITH WENSTENto notify the 'Committee on Credentials of City Editor Editorial Director my possible ineligibility for election." Thus was ISAN FARRELL.............i'ersonnel Director Katy Ford eliminated from the balloting for TER S'i'ART ........ .....Magazine Editor Student Government Council. 'HAEL BURNS.. ............sSports Editor Perhaps much needs to be said about various T TLDEN..... ...Associate city Editor CHARM) USTILING .... Associate Editorial Director individuals and practices which led to this LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: SGC Election Rulings Amount to Suicide To the Editor: AS A VOTER and an ex-officio member of Student Govern- ment Council I am deeply dis- turbed at S.G.C.'s year-long sui- cidal tendencies which have cul- minated in the elimination of Stanley Lubin from the Student Government Council ballot. In or- der to facilitate and insure a fair election, each semester S.G.C. es- tablishes a body of campaign rules which candidates are expected to .observe and the S.G.C. Rules and Credentials Committee must en- force. Mr. Lubin clearly violated the rule requiring candidates to circulate their petitions themselves and was therefore disqualified as a candidate by the committee. This may seem Just, but it is also insane.5 Mr. Lubin had more than the required 250 signatures on his pe- tition to provide for such occur- ences as this. In addition there is no assurance (in this or any election) that other candidates did not violate the same rule but were were not apprehended as was Mr. Lubin. And more importantly one might question the necessity of so stringently adhering to such rules as those which apply to the petitioning process inasmuch as most students sign petitions of people they don't know and/or don't know well enough to deter- mine what such person's stands on issues are. Rules which were intended to facilitate the functioning of this, campaign have seriously hindered it. With but nine original candi- dates, our student body was forced to choose from and S.G.C. forced Write In.. . To the Editor: STAN LUBIN should not have been disqualified from today's SGC "race." It was petty rule- riddenness that did it-the kind of thing that now keeps SGC meet- ing until 1:00 or 2:00 a.m. every Wednesday. Stan Lubin should be supported. By the only way he can be now: a Write-In Vote. As a former member of SGC, I urge that Mr. Lubin be backed with such a Write-In. Such sup- port is one of the few constructive alternatives presented to us in to- day's election. Write-ins have been successful: one candidate polled 1,600 votes this way (perhaps more than the total vote in this election). A write-in for Lubin must work; just look at the field of candidates running against him. -Roger Seasonwein, SGC Member 1958-1961 Blind Voters . To the Editor: FOR THE PAST WEEK, the din- ner hour on the Hill has been enhanced by the entertaining and not too informative speeches of the SGC candidates. Several of these candidates believe that SGC should express opinions on off- campus issues. Instead, women's rules, co-ed housing and non- academic evaluations have been' discussed, and these are the issues upon which the candidates will be elected. However, next month these can- didates will claim to represent stu- dent oninion on off-an is.. dent answers incorrectly he is given another set of questions to supplement the first. These ques- tions emphasize the particular phase with which the student is having trouble. This technique is called branching. With branching, students are often sent on one, two or even three tracks while doing one les- son. But if a student grasps the material quickly he is able to go through the one main track easily and will be finished faster than his classmates. In Skinner's version of the machine, students are re- quired to repeat the lesson if a certain amount of errors are shown. '' * * THE teaching machine method means that the teacher doesn't have to teach factual data; this is done by the machine. Instead, he can center his attention upon the students and lead them into new fields based on their ability. A fast learner may be presented with the problems of genetical inherit- ance and in the time he saves by learning the essentials of ge- netics at the machine, he can breed rats. . This also applies to the younger students who can study natural life with projects of growing gar- dens and caring for pets in the classroom. The teacher, too, is able to expand his knowledge in his field with some classroom time he gains by use of the machine. He will be able to present new and intriguing ideas to students working individually or will be able to set up class projects such as trips to museums or art gal- leries. Both fast and slow learners grasp the essentials on the ma- chine. The faster learners are geared to their own mental capa- city and can expand their exper- ience. The teacher has time to give individual attention to slow learners. THE teaching machine is a new product, soon to be a multi-million dollar business. Schools should look into the possibility of utilizing such a machine. Test cases,. such as in the University psychology department, show that students learn factual data better through the use of machines, but grasp theory better through lectures. With the combination, the student will get the benefits of both. Schools cannot afford to miss this opportunity. The teaching machine can be utilized in almost every subject, every grade. Teach- ers shouldn't be afraid that the inachine will soon replace them. The teaching machine is only another teaching aid for them, but one that is vitally needed. Teaching machines may be ex- pensive but their cost as an over- all investment is not overwhelm- ing. Textbooks may even be rble to be eliminated, schools will just replace programs periodically. in any event, once a machine is bought by a school it can be used for a multitude of courses and can be moved to accommodate more than one classroom at different times. - DISARM! DISARM!: Anddorras Arms Race Threatens World peace By ROBERT SELWA Daily Staff Writer A NEW THREAT to world peace and the hope of achieving dis- armament is fast becoming evi- dent. Andorra has raised her de- fense budget more than 200 pqr cent. In fact, she has raised it an in- finite percentage-.from nothing to $4.90. This has dangerous portents for the world East-West conflict. When a developing neutralist sud- denly adopts a defense budget, the trend towards armaments is fed even more. * * * THIS OMINOUS situation may pose a threat. to the stability and security of the Western alliance. Andorra, a land of 175 square miles and 600 peasants lies be- tween France and Spain, our be- loved friends in the struggle to insure freedom in the world. If Andorra should happen to go East, or even Communist, we would have another Cuban-type cancer in the Free World. The Andorrans give as the rea- son for their sudden defense bud- get the need of blank cartridges for ceremonies. But this appears to be only a facade. They may be preparing for a secret test-,-of a 50 millimeter bullet. ** * ONE MUST ALSO read into Andorra's threatening "defense" TO MEET the challenge, we must include Andorra in all our disarmament talks (since she now seens to be like the rest of us, armed for peace). We must send a representative of our government to talk with the Andorrans (with the common farmers as well as the leaders, so we won't be "Ugly American"). We must try to persuade them to join with us in a great turn towards peace, a reversing ofthe tide toward a new birth .of free- dom in the world. * * * IF THIS does not work, we may have to resort to' the Little Blast Now theory-it is better to have a war now than later, because, with the advancement of military science, it will be more devestating later. (It is forseeable that the Andorrans may soon double their new arms budget-this time to $9.80.) A last resort along these lines would be massive military invasion - to safeguard our interests in freedom and peace. * * * BUT BEFORE we act, let us appeal to the good judgement of Andorra (while keeping our de- fenses and military progress in- tact), hoping that she will not use the results of her defense bud- get in an aggressive way.