THE MICHIGAN DAILY

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Guatemala Riots


-AP Wirephoto
WOUNDED-A 14-year-old boy falls to the ground after being shot by Guatemalan police during
student demonstrations urging the ouster of President Miguel Ydigoras. The revolt, in its fifth day,
is being met by martial law and the military arrrest of opposition leaders. Strikes continue dispite
militarization of industry and threats.
GENEVA TALKS:
n ,ilT

GENEVA (M-Indian and Brazil
built up pressure last night on the
American and. Russians to drop
nuclear-test plans while the 17-
nation disarmament talks are on.,
Ask Release
Of Students
WASHINGTON (P) -- Several
hundred students, most of them
Negroes, picketed the Justice De-
partment and the White House
yesterday demanding the release
of two students, Robert Zellner
and Charles McDew, arrested on
criminal anarchy charges for in-
tegrationist activities in Louisi-
ana.
Although there was counter
picketing by the American Nazi
Party, no incidents were reported.
The Justice Department was
closed and demonstration leaders
made no effort to see anyone.

The forthcoming American at-
mospheric tests-and the prospect
of a tit-for-tat Soviet response--
emerged the key issue of the con-
ference as an East-West stalemate
developed over how to end the
arms race.
Defense Minister U. K. Krishna
Menon of India and Brazilian for-
eign minister Francisco San Tiago
Dantas took tea together, yester-
day after formal and informal
approaches to the big powers for
some sort of pledge to quit test-
blasting at once. They charted
plans to rally support for their
initiative among the group of
eight middle-road nations taking
part in the four-day-old confer-
ence.
But their initial moves appeared
to have received little encourage-
ment from United States- Secre-
tary of State Dean Rusk or Soviet
Foreign Minister Andrei A. Gro-
myko. A qualified informant re-
ported that Rusk told Menon in
a private talk yesterday the Amer-

U U

Kessel's Presents:
Timeless Travel Coat--
Spans the Globe,
Plans a
Round-The-Year
Itinerary

ican position remains as stated
by President John F. Kennedy:
The United States is quite will-
ing to suspend announced plans
for an April series of tests in the
Pacific-but only if Russia first
signs a test ban treaty containing
sure internationally - supervised
safeguards to bar cheating.
The source said Gromyko's reply
to Menon appeared equally dis-
couraging:
Russia would waive her threat
to test again only if the American
series next month is cancelled.
The Russian also repeated Mos-
cow's resolve to join a general
test-ban agreement which pro-
vides for national, not internation-,
al, detection arrangements.
OAS Defiant;
Talks Drag On
EVIAN (P--As Algerian peace
talks dragged through their elev-
enth straight day yesterday, the
European Secret Army in Algeria
set up an underground govern-
ment, virtually declaring war on
President Charles de Gaulle's gov-
ernment.
In Algiers, the Secret Army an-
nounced yesterday that it has
called upon fugitive ex-Gen. Ra-
oul Salan, chief of the Secret Ar-
my and believed to be hiding some-
where in Algeria, "immediately to
undertake the liberation of Alger-
ian territory."
In Oran, Secret Army. squads
continued making identity checks
without interference from police
or government officials, and raid-
ed three district police stations,
seizing arms and medical supplies.
As the peace talks continue to-
day, the membership and powers
of the provisional executive which
is to govern between the cease-fire
and a self-determination referen-
dum, remains to be settled.
HILLEL
SUPPER CLUB
Tonight at 6
Kosher Delicatessen
Followed by Entertainment
1429 Hill St.

Martial Law
Hits --Capital,
Ends Riots
Troops Arrest Heads
Of Opposition Parties
GUATEMALA (P) - The army
imposed stringent measures on
this half-paralyzed capital yester-
day as a student-led revolt against
President Miguel Ydigoras gained
wider support and sympathy.
For the first time in five days
no serious clashes developed.
Heavily armed soldiers put the
city under virtual martial law, on
orders from President Ydigoras,
after about 20 persons were killed
and at least 500 wounded in street
clashes and disorders.
Troops patrolled the streets and
police raided a house and arrest-
ed several leftist political leaders
of opposition political parties.
The students launched violent
protests against alleged frauds in
list December's elections in which
Ydigoras' conservative party scor-
ed an easy victory. Ydigoras con-
tends the complaints are baseless
and says Communist and Castro
elements embarked on disorder to
cover their disappointment at the
election results.
In the police raid on the politi-
cal meeting the leader of the Gua-
temalan Christian Democracy par-
ty, two former deputies of that
party and two former deputies of
the Leftist National Liberation
movement were arrested.
Mario Mendez Montenegro, for-
mer residential candidate of the
Leftist Revolutionary Party, was
reported to have driven up to the
house just as the raid took place
but escaped.
With the city under a military
curfew from 8 p.m. to 5 a.m., the
army ;drafted postal, telegraph,
power company and bus line work-
ers to keep essential services mov-
ing, as more and more employes
went on strike in sympathy with
the students.
The government announced a
half-holiday for its workers as re-
ports of absenteeism in govern-
ment offices mounted. Govern-
ment offices normally close at
noon Saturday.
Nine of the nation's 18 radio
stations were off the air in protest
against censorship. One station
manager said police killed five per-
sons in a crowd that gathered
when police raided his station be-
cause it made an uncensored
broadcast.
World News
Roundup
By The Associated Press
SAN FRANCISCO - Striking
West Coast Maritime Unions tem-
porarily bowed to a court injunc-
tion yesterday and withdrew pick-
ets from San Francisco piers.
But officials said sign-carrying
would resume as soon as perish-
able goods were .unloaded from
Pacific Maritime Association ves-
sels, and warned the strike would
be a long one unless shipowners
change their position.
* * *
LEOPOLDVILLE - President
Moise Tshombe of Katanga and
Premier Cyrille Adoula may meet
today for peace talks after spend-
ing yesterday apparently snubbing
each other.
- -s ,
BUENOS AIRES-Exiled Dic-
tator Juan D. Peron makes an in-
direct but strong bid .For a come

back in elections for a dozen pro-
vincial governors and half the Ar-
gentine House of Deputies.
The balloting will amount to a
virtual showdown between Peron,
deposed in 1955, and President Ar-
turo Frondizi, though neither is a
candidate.
.ATLANTA-Martin Luther King
Jr., Negro integration leader, said
yesterday that President John F.
Kennedy had agreed to study what
King termed a second emancipa-
tion proclamation.
King said he is working on a
proposed executive order declar-
ing all racial segregation uncon-
stitutional.

Cite U.S.,
Defensive,
A-PUer
WASHINGTON (A) - Secretary
of Defense Robert S. McNamara
said yesterday United States nu-
clear striking power is so im-
mense the nation could absorb a
surprise assault then destroy Rus-
sia, and still have enough left over
to counter a blackmail threat from
any third power.
This is a point which has long
bothered many strategists, par-
ticularly in view of the possibility
that Red China will develop atom-
ic weapons in the near future.
McNamara in a wide-ranging
interview also said:
1) By the end of 1962 the Unit-
ed States will be able to meet
non-nuclear war crises on two
fronts simultaneously without re-
sorting immediately to partial mo-
bilization. That is something the
country has not been able to do
since World War II.
2) Southeast Asia is vital to the
security of the Pacific and the
Pacific is vital to the security of
the United States, but the appli-
cation of military force alone will
not automatically defeat the Com-
munists unles there is internal
economic and social reform.
Southeast Asia points like a dag-
ger toward -the heart of the rich
island chain which begins at Aus-
tralia and stretches northward
through Indonesia the Philippines
and the Ryukus to Japan.
Many have held that civil de-
fense is an integral part of the na-
tion's deterrent posture.
McNamara disagrees. He be-
lieves that the Russians would not
be too concerned with how many
Americans they could kill, but how
many Russians the Americans
could kill in a counter-strike. This
counter-strike force, he believes is
the true deterrent.
Strategists have long argued
over whether the possession of an
intact nuclear arsenal by a third
power would deny the two ma-
jor nations the opportunity to
concentrate resources and rebuild
except on that third power's terms.
Could the United States absorb
a nuclear strike, deliver a counter-
blow and still have enough
strength left to counter third pow-
er blackmail?
"Yes," McNamara said.

law any such shipments probably
would be offered.
The question probably would be
asked whether this action was a
preliminary step toward recogni-
tion of Red China. The reaction
of some United States allies par-
ticularly Nationalist China and
the Republic of Korea, obviously
would be violent.
The only hard facts which have
been made public about the mat-
ter are that the International
Trading Corp. of Seattle has filed
with the Department of Commerce
applications for permission to ex-
port about $400 million in grain
to Red China-and North Korea
over the next three years and that
the department has the applica-
tions under consideration.
It is not known whether the
Seattle company's applications are
based on firm orders or prospects
of orders, or whether the appli-
cant merely hopes to enter nego-
tiations if permits are granted.
President John F. Kennedy's
public comment consists of three
sentences at last Wednesday's
news conference.
USSR CUTS
China Credit
LONDON (m}--The Soviet Union
has cut off all credit for Red
China and is pressing the Chinese
for payment of military equipment
supplied during the Korean war,
the London Sunday Observer said
last night.
The paper said in a Hong Kong
dispatch that the Russian move
was part of the present "bitter
ideological dispute between Rus-
sia and China."

GRAIN PROPOSAL:
Congyressmen Stir'
Over China Request
WASHINGTON (M)-President John F. Kennedy has stirred con-
gressional jitters by what some members see as an intimation he is
considering approval of grain shipments to Red China and North Ko-
rea.
The subject apparently is so packed with potential political dyna-
mite that a canvass of senators failed yesterday to produce even one
member who would comment on the record about it.
But from what they said privately, it is apparent that if an export
license were granted for any such shipment it would be almost certain
to come under attack in Congress '- s u w ratd ad t otl
as unwarranted aid to hostile
countries. Bills specifically to out- IU flll' f

Threatening
LANSING - Democratic dele-
gates to the constitutional con-
vention threatened to walk out of
the proceedings yesterday due to
a Republican decision to present a
unified caucus-developed policy.
They were disuaded from the
action when they were refused
permission to be excused. However,
the convention has been adjourned
until Monday to provide a "cooling
off" period.
During the day's session, Demo-
cratic attendance dropped sharply
with as few as 10 of the 45 Demo-
crats being present.
Con-con vice-president Edward
Hutchinson (R-Fennville) said,
"they'll be back. It's their duty to
be back. It seems to me that dele-
gates would realize their districts
will be unrepresented in the con-
vention if they're not here."
Republicans decided their at-
tempt at unity must be worthwhile
or Democrats would have no cause
to be so upset.

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Tuesday, March 20 at,8
Meet the Faculty - at HILLEL
in the annual PURIM DEBATE
on the subject
"Which Is Superior: the Latke or the Hamontash?"
Open to all-Attending; Challenging the Speakers;
Enjoying the Refreshments
1429 Hill Street

long-leg
panty girdle.
by
nemo

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Kennedy
Tax Plan
WASHINGTON (M) - Republi-
cans contended yesterday that a
major tax revision bill before the
House points straight to a $2.5-
billion deficit in next year's budg-
et rather than the small surplus
President John F. Kennedy fore-
cast.
Democrats conceded the bill in-
volves a large net loss of revenue
next year - estimates range up-
ward from $660 million-but they
said the Treasury believes the
stimulation given the national
economy by the tax changes would
bring about a virtual balance in
future years.
The two views were given the
House in reports by the Ways
and Means Committee, which di-
vided sharply along party lines.
The revenue estimates, by the
Treasury, and by Congress' own
joint committee on internal reve-
nue taxation tended to support re-
ports that substantial changes will
be made in the bill before Con-
gress finishes work on it.
Secretary of the Treasury Doug-
las Dillon, appearing before the
Ways and Means Committee last
Thursday, said he hoped the com-
plicated bill would be modified to
reduce the loss of revenue.
It started out as a major Ken-
nedy proposal to encourage busi-
ness spending on modernization
by granting tax concessions, but
the tax-writing committee, in
drafting a bill for the House dealt
more leniently with the taxpayers
than Kennedy had recommended.
Objecting to the Kennedy re-
commendations, the Republican
minority said the measure rep-
resents "precisely the opposite" of
sound tax policy.

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