Se'nrty-Third Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN meUNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS "Where Opinions Are Free STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG.; ANN ARBOR, MICH., PHONE NO 2-3241 Truth Will Prevail" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in al, reprints. THURSDAY, JANUARY 30, 1964 NIGHT EDITOR: ANDREW ORLIN LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Protester Explains Motives AT RACKHAM: Contemporary Festival Has Good Beginning T-37 Incident: U.S. Must Spy But with Discretion ON TUESDAY three Americans met viol- ent deaths when a plane they were flying from their military base in West Germany was shot down by East Germans over East German territory. The Kremlin immediately sent a pro- test to Washington, claiming that the West German plane was given warnings and did not heed them, and accusing the United States of "deliberate military provocation." Washington then dispatch- ed a strong protest to the Russians, saying that the plane was a defenseless T-37 jet trainer which got lost and accidental- ly flew over foreign territory. It con- demned the East Germans for their ac- tions, and demanded the immediate re- turn of the dead fliers' bodies. Immediately the usual cries went up in the United States condemning the Communists for their disregard of the inoffensive nature of the plane and lack of a "sense of fair play" or "ethics." This all is reminiscent of an incident that occurred about three years ago. An American plane was shot, down, not over a country like East Germany, but over Russia itself. The Russians immediately protested. The State Department then lied to the public in its first official dis- patch, claiming the plane had gotten lost and accidentally flew over foreign ter- ritory. A clamor went up, asking for the Russians' hides.I Eventually the truth came out, that the plane was on a spying mission. What happened? Nothing. Most of those who had been previously outraged at the Rus- sians now shrugged their shoulders, their attitude being everyone has spies and it's all right as long as you don't get caught at it. The fact that we did get caught apparently didn't bother them. WHEN THE T-37 flew over East Germany the other day, it could have been, for all the East Germans officially knew, a spy plane. They say they warned it, but received no reply. This may or may not be true. The plane still was violating their airspace, and American planes have been known to violate Communist air space for other than innocuous reasons. The Com- munists could have given the plane the benefit of the doubt, but then they could have given the benefit of the doubt to Francis Gary Powers. They could have asked the State Department what the plane was doing over East German ter- ritory without shooting it down. But the State Department has lied before. But for a moment assume that the State Department this time was telling the truth and that this time the Com- munists were lying. We still cannot deny that the Communists had every right under international law to shoot down the plane--it was violating their air space. Add to the Communists' undeniable le- gal rights in the situation the fact that the United States today flies U-2's over Cuba, one of which was shot down last year, and that the United States flew spy planes over Russia for years, and then lied about it when one was caught. The horrible but starkly irrefutable truth begins to emerge. It is this: United States arguments concerning last Mon- day's happenings, be they from a legal or a moral standpoint, don't hold a drop of water. Due to international law, care- lessness and past deceptions, the United States does not have a leg to stand on in the eyes of the world. O WHAT ARE WE TO DO about it? Bow our heads in shame? Not at all. The Cold War is a balance of terror. It is a battle of knowledge and of power and is not and never has been fought on what are normally regarded as moral terms. That we carelessly allowed one of our planes to violate East German air space was a terrible, regrettable mistake for which we and we alone are to blame. That three years ago we allowed one of our spy planes to get caught and then made the terrible tactical mistake of ly- ing about it is also very unfortunate. But we must not condemn the Russians, or worse, ourselves. What we must do is make a resolution that is quite undra- matic but which will be very effective if carried out. That is, first, to be extremely careful not to violate openly, through carelessness, the letter of international law; second, if we must spy (and we must), not to get caught at it; and third, if we know we are caught at it and guilty in the eyes of the world, not to compound the situation and taint our world image by lying about it. -ROBERT HIPPLER To the Editor: r HE FOLLOWING is part of the statement which I read yester- day at my trial to Municipal Judge Francis O'Brien, explaining my participation in the September sit- ins at City Hall. "There is no question in my mind that discrimination accord- ing to race exists in the sale and rental of real estate in Ann Arbor . that situation is intolerable ... I believe that the history of vol- untary integration clearly indi- cates that legal pressures are needed to force compliance with the principles of the United States Constitution and the moral basis of a free and democratic society. Therefore, I believe that a strong fair housing ordinance is needed in Ann Arbor. I cannot accept the argument that such an ordinance should be opposed because it challenges property rights . . . I believe that our society is, and must be, prem- Issed on the fundamental per- sonal rights, liberty and equality of all people, and that rights to property are subsequent and sub- ordinate to the equal human rights of all. One of these rights guarantees the free choice of neighborhood, house and apartment for every person, limited only by financial resources; I find all attempts to justify limitation s on racial grounds (to be) euphemistically hidden with references to property rights, wholly inimical to the hu- man foundation of the United States. I believe that property rights must be set asidewhen they come in conflict with any of the broad and basic human rights which must lie at the very root of our society . . I BELIEVE that the sit-in is a generally recognized and un- derstandable mode for the com- munication of political ideas, non- violent in nature, and therefore allowable and protected under rea- sonable interpretation of First Amendment guarantees of free speech and assembly . . . Civil dis- obedience is to be undertaken only after all reasonable means of ne- gotiation, picketing and petition have been unsuccessfully used. I believe that the long history of such relatively moderate measures in Ann Arbor indicated that more dramatic forms of expression were called for. The sit-in was such a means of expression to the Council and to the public. I come now to the justification of civil disobedience in relation to a law with which I have no moral quarrel. I believe that the criterion of moral repugnancy must be sup- plemented by that of non-violence as another criterion for assuming responsibility for civil disobedience . It is this criterion which I use to defend my participation in this sit-in . . .My action endangered no one, threatened no one, damaged nothing and was clear in its intent as a means of political expression defending basic liberties in this county. I do not believe in indiscrimin- ate violation of the law whenever it is convenient and dramatic - I am, however, willing to take re- sponsibility for my action if this court finds me guilty of loitering, since that violation refers to an action neither injurious to the people, nor to their property, nor to their liberties and fundamental rights. Believing this, I am neither embarrassed nor ashamed of what I have done and consider myself justly responsible for it." -Michael Zweig, '64 Rights March... To the Editor: I WOULD greatly appreciate it if The Daily would, since the Ann Arbor News will not, make some mention of the fact that last Mon- day some 50 demonstrators marched through the central busi- ness district of Ann Arbor. The News, in its article on the demon- stration in Tuesday's paper, mere- ly said that the marchers "picket- ed City Hall, the County Jail and a N. Main Street restaurant." No mention was made that anybody walked from Huron and Main down Main to Williams across Main to Ann and then to the jail. Yet, some 50 sign-carrying dem- onstrators made the walk. I do not know why The News 1failed to report the facts in this instance. However, I do know that in an article of Aug. 6, 1963, The News reported the route of anoth- er civil rights march which passed through Ann Arbor's Negro ghetto. I do not know why The News sup- presses facts concerning a march through the central business dis- trict but not those about a march through the Negro ghetto. None- theless, I would appreciate it if The Daily, by means of this letter, would bring The News' omissions to the attention of at least a part of Ann Arbor's public. -J. Alan Winter, Grad Staebler . To the Editor: N EIL STAEBLER'S candidacy for governor propels us to write this letter and to begin organizing a campus Students For Staebler. tious and, we believe, not for per- sonal gain. It was no wonder, in the light of his integrity and his contributions, that the University of Massachu- setts made him a Visiting Profes- sor of Practical Politics and that this university gave him an hon- orary Doctor of Laws degree. AS Congressman - at - large, Staebler has supported the Kenne- dy proram of civil rights, econom- ic progress, foreign assistance and free trade. In addition, Staebler was one of the 20 Conressmen to vote against appropriations for the House Un-American Activities Committee. Students have a special interest in seeing Staebler serve as govern- or because he has that rare abil- ity to combine an intellectual ap- proach to the problems of govern- ment with hard-nosed politics. He is both high-minded and practical as well as open-minded and liber- tarian, objective and independent. Students will have the oppor- tunity to help get Staebler elected as governor through working in SFS. An organizational meeting of a statewide SFS is set for 1:30 p.m. Saturday in the Multipurpose Room of the Dearborn campus of the University Students from any campus may come and take part, including independents and dis- illusioned Republicans. A University SFS is also being established; join us in this effort. -Robert Selwa, Grad -Martin Baum, '64 GM Profits . . To the Editor: IN THE Jan. 28 Daily, Mr. Philip Sutin contributed an editorial labeled "Profit Tears." In speak- ing of General Motors' record profit, Sutin said that that profit "is largely going into private hands, doing little if anything which is socially useful." I was shocked to see a paper of the intellectual - quality of The Daily printing an editorial on present-day economics indicating such pervasive naivete of even the very basic elements which go into making up the American economic system. * * * IS PRIVATE profit socially use- less? I think not. To begin with, any private capitalist worthy of the name is not going to let the money he earns sit idly by. He is going to re-invest it in other busi- ness enterprises. These new enter- prises will create new jobs for America's unemployed, and better jobs for those already working. The private capitalist investor will also buy public bonds in his diversified investment program. These bonds build schools, finance facilities for the mentally retard- ed and build roads to name just a few things. The private investor will buy private bonds which will give other private businesses the funds necessary to expand their present facilities; this in turn will create new and better jobs. The private investor will invest his profits in stock issues which will give new businesses the op- portunity to begin operation with sufficient working capital. It can be hoped that these new businesses will make a large enough profit so they can be taxed and add to the income which the government needs to carry on its many func- tions. IF NEW industry is going to be formed, old industry must make a profit. If we are going to tax in- dustry for government projects, industry must make a profit. (It is interesting to note that these pri- vate profits are taxed not once but twice. First the corporation's profits are taxed and then the money which is afterward dis- tributed to the stockholder is taxed again as individual income.) Perhaps G.M.'s profit is too large. Perhaps workers are not paid enough. But he who thinks that private profit in private hands does little, if anything, so- cially useful is missing the point. -Thomas H. Bissell, '65L THE FOURTH Festival of Con- temporary Music made an encouraging beginning with its first program, presented last eve- ning. The items were generally well-prepared and gave promise of further satisfying programs for the remainder of the series which extends to the end of next week. The University Choir under Maynard Klein opened with two motets by the Swedish composer Sven-Erik Back, written in 1959 as part of a series for functional use during the church year. Each of the two works had a consistency of style that was adequately matched by aural perceptiveness and clarity in performance, mar- red only by a single instance of faulty intonation in the basses closing the second work. STRAVINSKY'S "C a n t a t a," more familiar to most listeners, was here given a thoroughly sai- isfying performance. Soprano Let- itia Garner's pleasant voice and sound intonation could perhaps have been heard to advantage with 4 more delicate accompaniment in the first ricercar. Tenor Millard Cates projected well in his solo and then wisely cut back to blend his voice sensitively in the love duet with the soprano's. The Uni- versity Women's Choir contributed an accurate and well-balanced texture in the dirge-like inter- ludes. The chamber ensemble provided a sensitive accompaniment with only a few instances of uneven balance (the English horn iow B is problematic in this respect). ** * "EVOCATION for Violin, Piano and Percussion," written by the American Ralph Shapey in 1957, was more indicative of the experi-" mental perogatives offered the contemporary composer. H e r e there was obvious intent to ex- ploit the sound possibilities of thie ensemble. The opening recitative relied rather heavily on note pat- terns and pedals for its contin- uity and suffered from 1 lack of sensitivity in the percussion writ- ing However, the percussion did become part of the ensemble in the remaining movements. The soft stick rolls in the third section of the "Evocation" pro- vided an interesting addition to the sound spectrum of violin and piano. The coda based-on opening material was saved from direct repetition by the injection of new devices of pizzicato and sul pon- ticello but the final pizzicato statement of the subject was ob- vious to say the least -Barry Vercoe CINEMA GUILD: 'KanalP Lacking BOUT "KANAL" there is really very little to be said. This Polish film, at the Cinema Guild' tonight and tomorrow, is certainly an honest view of war, but it re- mains an easily forgettable film. The credits and debits may be summarized briefly. On the credit side of the ledger is the uncom- promising view of war as hell. This is the story of the last 24 hours of the 1944 Warsaw Up- rising in which the Polish patriots were driven into the sewers and slaughtered. Not only is there no recruiting - poster heroism, but there is also a refreshing absence of sentimental mush about heroic martyrdom. The patriots look each other in the eye, tell themselves that this is it and then go about their busi- ness. The patriots' business consists of a retreat into the Warsaw sew- ers, a move that is worse than fatal-they would have died had they stood and fought-for its humiliation. The final image is of a half- crazed lieutenant lowering himself grimly into a man-hole to rescue his lost men. We know that their doom has already been sealed. This blind act, at once heroic and futile, sums up the entire Warsaw uprising. THE MAJOR fault of the film is simply its unimaginative pres- entation. There is an attempt to create unique andameaningful charac- ters, but it is an attempt that never really succeeds. The flight through the sewers is an exercise in unrealized artistic possibilities. Tighter organization and a faster pace were definitely called for. A sense of futility is conveyed, but it would have been far more poig- nant had better characters and suspense been created. The entire episode is interesting only in a disengaged sense-that is, when we abstractly consider the idea of sloshing about- in the Warsaw sewers. It is interesting to speculate upon the fact that this film was produced in an Iron Curtain coun- try, since responsibility for the slaughter of the Warsaw patriots must lie with the Soviet Union. That a film with this subject- though the responsibility of the Soviet Union is never mentioned explicitly-could be produced in Poland is evidence of a good deal of artistic freedom within that country. -Sam Walker TODAY AND TOMORROW: Me-Tooism Brings GOP Split Viet Nam: World's Hot Spot AT THIS WRITING events in Viet Nam are again in a state of flux. Another coup has apparently overtaken Saigon, almost three months to the day since Ngo Dinh Diem was overthrown. A counter- coup is reportedly in progress. The Vietnamese army chiefs, who sup- posedly needed only to get out from un- der the Diem regime in order to demolish the Viet Cong, are now hopelessly divided against each other. The ramifications of this situation ex- tend far beyond the muddy peninsula which most Americans could never find on a map. Southeast Asia is rapidly be- coming the prime' world hot spot. Con- sider: French recognition of Red China initiates a completely new framework of international politics-the cliches of East- West relations are turned on their head. The Sino-French accord leaves allies such as Japan confused and pressured. A new dimension is added to the Laos question, the Cambodia question - will France and China work around the Unit- ed States? On the periphery of this problem area are such issues as Malaysia and the in- ternal and external dangers facing In- dia. THE POINT FOLLOWS: the United States cannot afford to become bogged down in the Vietnamese situation-events are moving too fast. We cannot let past commitments tie us to an effort to stab- ilize an intrinsically unstable situation. The mistakes (policies) of the past dec- ade must not blind us to the realities of the present. There will never be an "anti-Commu- nist bulwark" in South Viet Nam. The goal is futile. We must look for some sort of an accommodation with Ho Chi Minh, who is no more a devil than Diem was a saint. It is time to get gracefully out. --H. NEIL BERKSON By WALTER LIPPMANN W HILE NO ONE can suppose that the polls measuring Pres- ident Johnson's popularity predict exactly what is going to happen next November, they do say that as of now the Republican Party is in very bad shape indeed. When one remembers that a candidate who gets 60 per cent of the votes on election day wins by a large landslide in the Elec- toral College, these current fig- ures rating President Johnson at 75 or even 80 per cent seem to say there is some kind of convul- sion within the Republican Party. For while President Johnson will almost certainly not get the votes of all the people who are for him now, I believe the polls are tell- ing an important story. It turns on the argument about me-tooism among Republicans, as illustrated by Goldwater and Rockefeller. Sen. Goldwater is saying that the Republican Party can win only if it offers the voters "a choice and not an echo." His theory is that the Republicans must differ rad- ically from the Democrats. Gov. Rockefeller, on the other hand, not only agrees with the main aims of the Democrats, but knows that a large majority of the people agree with them, also. So he is driven to take the position that the Republican Party with him as leader would achieve the common aims better that the Dem- ocrats can achieve them. This is what Sen. Goldwater calls me-too- ism, in his mind a recipe for de- feat. IF WE TAKE a close look at me-tooism, we have to ask our- selves whether, in fact, the kind of radically different alternative exists which Sen. Goldwater talks about. No Republican presiden- tial candidate since the Roosevelt landslide of the 1930's has thought that there was such an alternative. Willkie, Dewey, Eisenhower and Nixon all practiced what Sen. Goldwater calls me-tooism. Why? Not because they did not wish to win. Not because they did not wish to offer the voters a choice between themselves and the Democratic candidates. They prac- ticed me-tooism because in a na- tionwide election there was no choice. The Democratic Party under Franklin Roosevelt, Truman, Stev- enson and Kennedy has pre-empt- ed and occupied all the central positions in national and interna- tional policy. There are no other national positions to be occupied. The fact that this is so is being demonstrated by the complete fail- ure of Sen. Goldwater himself to produce any kind of coherent and defensible program. HISTORICALLY, the present plight of the Republican Party dates from the split in 1912 be- Neither in the 1920's under Harding, Coolidge and Hoover, nor in the 1950's under Eisenhower did the Republican Party return to power with a radically different policy. Herbert Hoover, though he chose to be a Republican, was in international affairs a Wilsonian Democrat. And Dwight D. Eisen- hower, when he finally decided to be a Republican, had nevertheless made his career and acquired his views of policy under Roosevelt and Truman. THE ME-TOOISM of the na- tional Republicans is the conse- quence. of the historic fact that in the split of 1912 the Parochial Stand-Patters ousted the Progres- sive Nationalists from the control of the party organization. This is still the condition of the party. That is why in Congress the Republican Party based on local organizations is predominantly parochial and stand-pat and why, when the national election comes along, the candidate who expects to win has no choice but some kind of me-tooism. For when the party split in 1912, it surrendered to the Democrats the initiative in the selection and formulation of issues in domestic and interna- tional affairs. By surrendering the initiative, the party organization surrendered the vital center of American politics to the Demo- crats. * * * LYNDON JOHNSON, who for 30 yearsdhas seen all this from the inside, is exploiting the fact that all the central positions have been surrendered to the Demo- crats. That is why the Democrats, who were the minority party in the 19th century, have become the majority party in this century. They now have' the initiative as the Republicans had it when they were identified with great issues-- the Union, emancipation, the opening of the West and the rec- ognition, with the building of the Panama Canal, of the coming role of America as a world power.' By an interesting and not mys- terious turn of affairs, this tra- dition of national leadership°pass- ed from Theodore Roosevelt, after his defeat in 1912, to his distant cousin and disciple, Franklin Roosevelt, Until the Republicans recover the national leadership, which they might have done but did not do under President Eisenhower, they are not likely to have any alterna- tive to me-tooism. (c), 1964, The washington Post Co. Sy s ' ,' A , { }3 y S. , ] I Y fit .! l ~VP sk "t y^ tL tt ":,r?'d~ °i . _ ° t " 1 t " 7 "a F 'J R "t tY s 1 r Huntington Rebuilds IQC THE LOOSELY-BOUND 3300 men of the University's vast dormitory com- plex, Inter-Quadrangle Council has at- tempted this past year to be a more vital link. Under the administration headed by President Curtis Huntington and Vice- President John Eadie, IQC has begun to fulfill its role as the center of communi- cation among male quadrangle residents. In what must be termed a year of re- building, Huntington -- who took over from Kent Bourland in September-has shown his ability as a master of achieving large success from small building stones. His approach, as implemented by Ead- le, has been an elaborate and revitalized ranges wholesale sporting goods purchases for all house athletic teams, while the academic committee has launched chess tournaments. The service chairman and his unit are striving to make the dorm living condi- tions more palatable while the Projects Committee is at work notifying home- town newspapers of the quadrangle ac- tivities of their local favorites. Huntington has also demonstrated a novel and distinctive capacity for spur- ring IQC to contemplate larger quad- rangle issues. In participating in such events as the Big Ten Residence Halls Presidents Conference and the IQC-As- sembly Association conclave, the organi- 11 : ' T ' " i ' X x Ali, M1 ' f: :ry , ", :. .; _ ". t } Y' s i .1 , :,.