x Seventy-Third Year EDrrED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UN.IvERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS A FACE IN THE CROWD: Leisure with Learning By Ronald Wilton, Editor CINEMA GUILD Funny 'Gold Rush', Maudlin La Strada' comillarat- ==ii - 1- Vhere Opinions Are Free STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG., ANN ARBOR, MICH., PHONE NO 2-3241 Truth Will Prevail"' Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in al reprints. )AY, JANUARY 16, 1964 NIGHT EDITOR: GERALD STORCH Daily Editorial Policy Promotes Variety THE DAILY STAFF has only one agree- ment about editorial policy: the value of disagreement. Each editorial represents only the opinion of its writer. The Daily as an in- stitution never takes a position on is- sues. Any writer on the staff is free to express his own position on any issue re- gardless of how any other staff member might differ from him. Occasionally, an editorial will appear signed simply "The Senior Editors." These are written only when the editor- ial staff senior editors of The Daily, presently numbering eight, feel there is an issue of great importance which de- mpnds immediate editorial reaction. These editorials represent an' opinion agreed upon by these eight, and other staff members are free to disagree in their own editorials. THE ONLY LIMITATION on the ex- pression of opinion is the Code of Ethics. Imposed by the Board in Control of Student Publications and revised from time to time over the last 23 years, the code forbids editorials which express ra- cial and religious prejudice or which comment on elections to the Regents. It also demands that there be consultation with the chairman of the board on edi- torials dealing with the University ap- propriation from the state Legislature. The code-reprinted in full elsewhere on this page-also discusses matters of good taste, obscenity and the libel laws. The code is the only limitation impos- ed by the Board in Control. The Board in Control has not through the years exerted any active control over The Daily's editorial policy although there have been some heated disagreements over other issues, sometimes erupting in- to major campus controversies. The man- agement of the paper is the responsibil- ity of the student editors who have been free to set policy as they please. THE "OPEN FORUM" editorial policy, with its signed editorials, is the edi- tors' way of fulfilling their responsibility both toward their staff and their public. To the staff, the "open forum" shows a faith in the individual responsibility of the writer, regulated only by the Code of Ethics, the libel laws and the discre- tion of the editorial directors. To The Daily's readers, the "open for- um" expresses a faith in their intelli- gence and ability to judge opposing ar- guments. for themselves. The Daily's motto is an expression of this faith: "Where opinions are free, truth will pre- vail." Certainly in a University commun- ity, with one of the most literate publics in the world, The Daily's faith is not ill- placed. This faith is carried over into the Let- ters to the Editor column. While The Daily is unable to print all the letters it receives, approximately 80 per cent are ultimately published. The Daily only asks that letters observe the same re- strictions placed on Daily staff members and that they be reasonably literate. The letters column is open to any non-staff member Who cares to write. It is the only open, public forum on campus with a wide circulation that serves as a means of increasing communication among the various sectors of a widespread eommu- nity. IN ADDITION to staff writing and let- ters to the editor, The Daily some- times actively seeks outside writers to present a particular position not found among its staff members or letter writers on controversial issues. The editorial page also presents the columns of Walter Lippmann and Robert M. Hutchins, the editorial cartoons of Herblock and Maul- din and the satirical commentary of Feiffer's cartoon strips. This diversity is aimed at stimulating controversy and debate. It is based on a faith in both the students who run The Daily and the community that reads it. Nurtured in an atmosphere of freedom. and with each editor's sense of responsi- bility as the major guide, University stu- dents throughout 73 years have built the finest college newspaper in the United States and one of the liveliest editorial pages anywhere. -DAVID MARCUS Editorial Director 'HE FIRST semester under the new trimester seriously cut down the amount of leisure time available to most students, espe- cially in the last few weeks of classes. Although this might have had adverse psychological effects, it probably resulted in education- al benefits to the individual stu- dent. This was not brought about so much by the extra time spent hit- ting the books as it was by the de- crease in leisure time. It is a para- dox of our educational system that when students are at leisure to read what they want, to meditate and to strike off in any direction they want, they are disinterested and devote less time to learning and absorb less than when under constant pressure. One of the great failures of the American university is its inability to relate the process of education to the student's leisure time. AN EXAMPLE of this is provid- ed by some students returning from vacation. They brought back with them a new complaint about the trimester system, one which is startling as well as unexpected. The complaint is that Christmas vacation is too long. For the first week, these stu- dents said, they lounged around and decelerated the pace of their lives drastically from the peak reached during finals. The other two weeks were spent in an almost desperate search for something to do. Leisurely reading was tried but discarded; too much reading had been done during the semester. Opportunities to travel were grabbed at. Since most other col- leges resumed sessions at least a week before University students were scheduled to return, there were few opportunities to do things with friends. As one friend of mine who came back early put it, "I just got tired of my parents."" It's interesting to speculate about the causes of this boredom. One possibility is that the high pressures many students were un- der last semester, especially during the latter half, accustomed them to living at an intense pace from which they could not completely recover in three weeks. In past years students were studying for finals during Christmas vacation and thus the pressure level never really descended very far from what it was during school. In some cases, as students realized how much catching up they had to do, it may have increased. I THINK this solution is logical, but that ittserves only as a rein- forcement to the main cause of the more basic problem which lies in the nature of the educational system and the University experi- ence. The University is oriented to- ward specialization. The distribu- tion requirements notwithstand- ing, the combination of require- ments in the field of concentra- tion and the necessity for cognates channels a student's academic ac- tivities in one direction. This is especially true during the last two years. There are opportunities for electives, but many of these are used to accommodate courses which will result in a good grade and which, since they involve little work, can relieve the pressure in the concentration courses. The courses that a student does take for enjoyment, interest or di- versified knowledge should be the most enjoyable part of the aca- demic experience; often it is not. The classroom experience limits the amount of work the student can do on his own. Assigned books RESTRICTIONS: TheCode of Ethics TODAY AND TOMORROW: WE HAVE BEEN on publi about five years that1 brewing in Panama and tha come necessary to readjustt between the Canal Zone, wh: ed States controls, and the Panama. Dr. Milton Eisenhower r to his brother, the President, in 1962 President Kenned IPresident Chiari that a discu many United States-Panami lems would be carried on by representatives." These pr concerned both with the syr tion of "sovereignty" and a very tangible problems of ployment, business relations] economic-operations of the ca The fact is, however, th the intentions of President and of President Kennedy been carried out. ALTHOUGH THE SITUATI4 ma resembles that in Alg so, let us say, that at Suez,9 which the two AmericanE must solve is essentially dif both. For the Panamanians dress their grievances, whic symbolic and substantial, wi ring even greater troubles mand that we withdraw, as have done in Algeria and the French in Suez. The Panamanians want a the arrangements under t treaty. But they want us to continue to operate the can This is a crucial fact in negotiations. Theoretically, four ways of dealing witht problem. A Joint Venture by Walter Lippmnann .c notice for Canal has been nationalized by Egypt. trouble was There is no reason to think that the t it had be- Panamanians have the technical and fi- the relations nancial resources for such a huge un- ich the Unit- dertaking. Republic of THIS BRINGS US to the fourth solu- eported this tion, which would be to negotiate an in 1958, and agreement for what Dr. Eisenhower de- fy promised scribes as "a joint United States-Panama assion of the management" for which we would "train anian prob- gradually" Panamanian personnel. V "high-level Such a program of training could and roblems are should be based upon a generous review mbolie ques- of the economic relations between the lso with the Canal Zone and the Republic. At pres- wages, em- ent, Panama receives an annuity of a hips and the little less than $2 million; Dr. Eisenhow- nal. er would increase this to something like at somehow $5 million or more. Eisenhower have never ON THE ISSUE which has caused the violence and the bloodshed of the past few days, there is no honorable po- UN in Pana- sition for the United States except one of eria and al- firm and unequivocating observance of the problem governments an agreement about flags which symbol- fferent from izes the titular sovereignty of Panama. cannot re- The fundamental thing that can be ch are both said and needs to be taken to heart is the thout incur- statement of William Howard Taft, made if they de- in 1904 when he was the secretary of war the French and in charge of the Canal Zone: British and Article III of the treaty of 1903 "is peculiar in not conferring sovereign- revision of ty directly upon the United States, he existing but in giving to the United States stay on to the powers which it would have if it al. were sovereign. This gives rise to the the coming obvious implication that a mere tit- there are ular sovereignty is reserved in the the Panama Panamanian government. Now, I agree that to the Anglo-Saxon mind (EDITOR'S NOTE: Below is re- printed a copy of The Daily's Code of Ethics. Originally passed by the Board in Control of Student Pub- lications in 1940 and revised from time to time since, these are the only restrictionse outside of legal limitations on publication--the laws of libel, obscenity, etc.--im- posed upon The Daily.) THE MICHIGAN Daily is a newspaper with a dual respon- sibility. As the newspaper of the students of the University of Michigan, The Daily must serve these students by reporting cam- pus, local, and world news as com- pletely and accurately as possible. As a newspaper published under the authorization of the University of Michigan, The Daily must have at heart the interests of the Uni- versity and refrain from such un- warranted action as may compro- mise the University in the eyes of the public. The position of The Daily as a representative of a free press shall be preserved and promoted by the editors through responsible and considered use of their duties and powers. The editorial page of The Daily shall be open to all points of view. Intelligent editorial expression by all members of the staff shall be encouraged and means provided for comment by the public. Free- dom of expression grounded on fact shall be the editorial policy of The Michigan Daily. All material on the editorial page shall be signed by the writer. Anything published in either the news or editorial columns shall conform to a standard of good taste commensurate with The Daily's place as a leader in the field of college journalism. The following list of operating principles shall be used as a guide to the specific implementation of the above code. Both the code and the list of operating principles were revised by The Daily staff of 1963 and approved by the Board in Control of Student Publications. I. EDITORIAL PAGE A. Criteria for publication of editorials shall include good taste, good writing, logical thinking and regard for the facts. B., No editorials shall embrace personal attack on the characters of individuals. C. No editorial shall take sides in elections to the Board of Re- gents. D. Before editorials discussing state appropriations to the Uni- versity are published, the editor shall consult the chairman of the Board in Control of Student Publi- cations or, in his absence, the sec- retary. II. GENERAL A. Good Taste 1. Sex crimes, suicides or violent crimes may be reported if in the public interest to do so. 2. Items of a pornographic na- ture shall have no place in The Daily. 3. No writer shall express racial or religious bias in any story or editorial, nor shall there be any racial or religious bias in adver- tising. B. Operational 1. Crimes involving members of the faculty or students shall not be reported without first notifying the proper University authorities whenever possible, except as such crimes are a matter of court rec- ord. 2. Members of the staff shall at all times be encouraged to take advantage of the facilities of the University and the broad experi- ence of faculty members in writing articles of a comprehensive, inter- pretive nature. 3. The news columns of The Daily shall be open to campus news of legitimate interest and shall afford all campus organiza- tions news space within the con- fines of good journalistic practice. 4. All interviews with faculty shall be checked with the inter- viewee, either personally or by phone, before they are published unless the writer is specifically ex- cused by the interviewee. 5. Names of business establish- ments (local or out-of-town) in- dustries, firms, or brand names shall not appear in The Daily news or editorial columns unless their news value is of sufficient signi- ficance to justify their publication. are not as much fun as those read because one wants to read them. Usaally a student is forced to do a paper on one aspect of a course on the general theory that everybody should at least know a lot about a little part of something. WHAT THIS all adds up to is that tne student tends to use his leisure time as an escape from the academic activities rather than as a supplement to them. The pace, pressure and cotent of the class- room all serve to alienate the stu- dent from any education outside. The student comes to a university for an education. The University educates in the classroom. The University does little to dis- courage the idea that the student is here to gain the coveted bache- lors degree which is today's key to success. What should be a time of sampling at leisure one's desire from the accumulated store of man's knowledge and creativity becomes a four year maze leading to success, to be crossed in the easiest way possilble. WHAT NEEDS to be done is to relate leisure time to academics by letting the student undertake aca- demics at his leisure. This can be accomplished in several ways. Courses that are at present giv- en for three hours credit can be upgraded to five. The student would come to class two or three times a week and the rest of the time he could do reading at his leisure and desire within the con- tent of the course. For example, a . student taking an American literature course of this type would go to class to learn about the specific authors the pro- fessor wants to concentrate on. The rest of his time could be spent outside reading whatever Ameri- can authors he wanted. Assuming that written examinations and grades are still considered neces- sary, the class could be asked to discuss certain specified charac- teristics of the authors they have read. Reading courses should be made an integral part of each depart- ment. Each semester a certain number of teachers would be freed from teaching in the classroom and would form a departmental pool offering non-classroom work for credit. The student could eith- er concentrate on a specific in- terest ofa field or else, especially if it were a field he was not con- centrating in, he could sample a broad overview of the literature available as his interest directed as opposed to those of the professor in the classroom. This would do away with the introductory courses which seem to operate on the principle that professors have found the amount of information and type of content that are absolutelynecessary for appreciation of the subject. * * THE MOST ideal solution would be the furthest out. It would in- volve the creation of a course which could be labeled Leisurely Learning 101. Each department of the University would select from its reading course pool one or two professors who would also be part of a college pool. This would en- able students to select, for exam- ple, samples of world literature that he wants to read, study the architecture of traditional African buildings as a reflection of kinship structure, contemporary civiliza- tion or any combination of sub- jects in whatever form they de- sired. These are not the only alterna- tives, there are undoubtedly more and better ones available. The problem must be recognized and discussed. At present the Univer- sity is not fostering in the student an interest in and a desire to learn. If one of the above alternatives, or a similar one were adopted then vacation periods would not be bor- ing, the pace of academic life would relax, and the student would have time to reflect that he is here for educational purposes and not to get a key to tomorrow. We might even find ourselves enjoying our academic activities without having to cast around des- perately for diversions. By ROBERT M. HUTCHINS WE MAY need a tax cut, but, what we need even more is a drastic revision of our whole ram- shackle tax structure. Taxes should reflect and pro- mote sound public policies. The real property tax, which is the main support of local, municipal and county governments, reflects and promotes almost every un- sound public policy imaginable. It encourages urban blight, urban sprawl and land speculation. It thwarts urban rehabilitation, con- struction, investment in building and improving homes and orderly development. THE REASON is that the tax is based on the market value of the property. Raw- .land has ,a lower market value than any other kind of real estate. The man who buys raw land and does nothing with it pays comparatively little in taxes. The more he puts into it, the higher his taxes. He is penalized for making raw land into a farm or a place to live. The more he spends on the farm or on his home, the more he is penalized. The man who lets his property run down will pay lower taxes than the man who keeps his up. This is one of the causes of urban blight. The speculator drives the pro- spective buyer in search of cheap- er land farther and farther from the center of town. This is one of the causes of urban sprawl. The speculator, by forcing up the price of land, puts a premium on squeezing the most housing into the smallest area. This is one of the causes of suburban slums. - -k * THE TAX system almost com- pels the buyer of land to become a speculator. If he improves his land, his property tax will rise. If he improves it, and gets any revenue from it, his property tax and his income tax will rise. If, on the other hand, he sits on the land, does nothing with it and finally sells it at a great profit, he will pay little by way of prop- erty tax and will be taxed on the profit at the favorable rates ap- plied to capital gains. The profit will result from the growth of population and the de- velopment of the community. The speculator can take no credit for it. His efforts, energy and sacrifice did not produce it. He is like any other monopolist who corners a good thing. All he has to do is to wait until those who need what he has will pay his price. * * , ' THE REMEDY is absurdly simple. It is to take the tax off the improvements and put it on the land. The owner would then be taxed on what the community had done for him in raising the value of his land. He would not be pun- ished for what he had done to build up the community by using his land. If the tax were on the land and not on the improvements, the in- centive to gamble in land would be removed. We might then hope for sound utilization of our living and working space, a commodity that is getting scarcer every day. (Copyright, Los Angeles Times) IT HE TRAMP is back in town. Charlie Chaplin, master of comedy and one of this country's greatest artists, is on view tonight and tomorrow at the Cinema Guild in "The Gold Rush". Chaplin is that rarest of phe- nomena - the artistic genius who is loved by the masses. His humor has a simplicity that can be ap- preciated by the least sophisticat- ed viewer and a complexity that delights the erudite. THE ESSENCE of Chaplin's art- istry is two-fold: his intricate comic method and the sympathy which his character evokes. His gags are simple and direct-- snowballs in the face, cliff-hang- ing, and falling pants. Yet, they are generally part of a long se- quence of gags intricately strung together. For example, Chaplin dances, his pants start to fall, he grabs a rope and ties them up, the rope is a dog's leash and the dog is dragged onto the dance floor, a cat appears and the dog drags Chaplin off the dance floor. Chaplin's style of comedy is strangely difficult for modern audiences who are accustomed to. the isolated gag style of comedy. Chaplin elicits a sustained chuckle. CHAPLIN can also be painfully obvious: snowball's strike the house, Chaplin thinks someone is knocking at the door, opens the door and SPLAT, right in the face. But when The Tramp gets a snowball in the face it is different from when Harold Lloyd gets one. Through a host of subtle man- nerisms - the sad facial expres- sion, the splay-footed walk, the tip of the bowler, the twirl of the cane -- Chaplinhas created in The Tramp a truly unique char- acter who engages our sympathies. Harold Lloyd created a more sympathetic character - the sin- cere but hopelessly bumbling little man overwhelmed by the world's complexity. Chaplin marks the consummation of the art. He is at once helpless and irrepressible;, his face manifests the former and jaunty twirl of his cane the latter. We cannot laugh at the Tramp without a slight feeling of sadness. -Sam Walker F DERICO FELLINI came out of the neo-realist tradition and his early films-before "La Dolce Vita"-show it. But despite simi- larities between Fellini and, say, the De Sica-Zavatinni team, their intentions are quite different. Fellini, however, makes no at- tempt at the slice of life. He is concerned with creating a myth- ology - with heavily Christian overtones. IN "LA STRADA" a girl, per- haps retarded, is sold by her peasant mother to an itinerant carnival strong man, Zampano (a dubbed Anthony Quinn)'. The story is episodic-the girl becomes part of the act, they travel across a depressing Italian landscape. Zampano is totally. without feel- ing for Gelsamina. The two encounter an aerialist, Nazarreno (a dubbed Richard Baseheart) who can't resist mock- ing Zampano's stupidity-perhaps it's a perverse attempt to im- pose some lucidity. The strong man finally kills the aerialist- clown, abandons the girl. * * * NAZARRENO'S name, I take it, indicates his role in the film. He preaches a Christian ethic: every- thing in the world has a pur- pose: Gelsamina's place is with Zampano because if she won't stay,. who will? Fellini tries to demonstrate the redemptive pow- er of punishment. Long after the abandonment, when the strong man learns of Gelsamina's death, he gets very drunk, goes to a beach, and begins to weep. For my taste, however, "La Strada" fails. Fellini's use of a Christian myth and Baseheart's teleological message are not re- sponsible. One need not accept a world-view intellectually to find it artistically convincing as myth. The fault lies with Fellini's in- ability to resist sentimentality, and here for all their divergences he and DeSica are quite similar, in "La Strada," for example, he re- lies too heavily on Massina's mim- ing and the orchestral swell of her motif. David Zimmerman WHAT KIND OF WORLD? Property Tax Ca'uses Urban Dilemmas,: FEIFFER couiJ-rpki THT eCOHT (t6'A' omocR AA %6tt.j NDJO8OP$TAV62.. jJ~P0600 AR- '[M1-t-NJ OM V~T n r hl -MCP 005 ~ 'PAql MTcO 1H1(5 COONJT P0,95P A HMOSPOM6 (OU(2LJ PRIN~ce ir17T IE l 666f&MO MAWA6AIIt ffH f2PUCC t2ECLARCL T6COVOJTJ4 17pp IN IT5 ECP "SC WHAt tO6 HAVE COME To WITHISH1 OiJCKP PIS%'I'-J ", FOT O EPLUACTUAL 1 0$PJ rc TA4K. THEM 4AR&LJ 71Hq( TOOK 6'IPI95. '$19P TACK- OF TH6c oUMTfR 6RLOl 50 OM K~P6PA'rlbr FOR THuE' RE5T OF U5." 1 Zk,- e-- pp ' ~VT 11'A~KM6OWL 06CAME LOUPER. 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