Seventy-Tbird Year EDIrED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSTY of MICHGAN UNDER AUTHOJITY OF BOAU DI CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS ..Wfeiro e pons Are Pr STUDENT PUBLCATIONS BLDG. ANN ARBOR MICH., PHONE NO 2-3241 Tr~fth Winl Pevail"' Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily e ress the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors, this must be noted in a: reprints. FRIDAY, MAY 1, 1964 NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL SATTINGER Efficiency at the University Doesn't Come Cheapl MEMO to the state Legislature. not available. To him, all the millions of Dear Sirs: dollars expended on the library system bought nothing. And given the diverse In debating whether or not to give reference ne dg2,0 tudes higher education the appropriation it. reference needs of 26,000 students, it seeks, many of you have expressed con- happens pretty often if your libraries cern that the state's money be used ef- aren't comprehensive. And comprehen- ficiently. As the men responsible for sive libraries cost money. spending the taxpayer's money, you cer- -They occur during the registration tainly have a right-a responsibility, in process, when a student's whole college facts-to demand assurances that this career may be distorted because he finds mot isn't bemnd astedh the courses he needs are closed. Again, to ney i being wast. him, all the money you spent to permit Q PERHAPS you should know where the University to develop an almost-com- the really gross inefficiencies occur plete selection of courses is lost. But intoeaycllyegossanduiefiieso opening up new sections requires greater in today's colleges and universities: expenditure of administrative and fac- -They occur in the classroom, when ulty effort-which in turn requires more an incompetent teacher not only puts his money. students to sleep but actually leads them -They occur, as a result of these and to hate the subject. Nothing of real value many other factors, at graduation, when -no education, no intellectual stimula- the University presents its final "prod- tion, nothing but empty credit-hours-is ucts" to the world. Far too many of them produced in such a class. All the money represent wasted effort: they have been you appropriated for that teacher's sal- here "X" years and have picked up every ary, for that classroom and for all'the trapping of education except education administration and other services neces- itself. The money you spent to change sary to organize that course goes directly and improve them went for nothing. down the drain. But we can't hire better teachers-or keep the good ones we have SUPPOSE YOU WERE running a manu- -without more money. facturing concern. And suppose you -They occur in those moments when discovered that broken-down machinery a good teacher manages to provoke a and incompetent workers on the final student, motivating him to seek some real assembly line were wrecking a large pro- education-but the good teacher is too portion of your final products. Certainly overburdened to give the student any you'd be determined to spend enough time. That fragile moment of enthusiasm money to get good men and machines at flickers and dies quite easily in such a this critical phase of your operation. So vacuum, and again, the money it took to as to eliminate the inefficiency. ignite that spark is wasted. But to spread This, gentlemen, is the situation in the faculty's burden thinner, the Univer- higher education. If you're really concern- sity must hire more teachers-and that ed with eliminating waste, you'll have to takes (you guessed it) more money. give the universities enough money to do -They occur in the libraries, when a it. student finds that the one book essen- -KENNETH WINTER tial to his understanding of a subject is Acting Managing Editor TODAY AND TOMORROW: yThe V Wice President by Walter Lippmnu "See- Our Man Has An Anti-Poverty Campaign Too" +P0 ^-_ n ---- I i.. tV LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Desecrating the Flag: There Is Justification To the Editor: THE USE of a Japanese flag on a Michigras float was, perhaps, in poor taste (I did not see the parade). It was not, as Messrs. Kobayshi and Izumi asserted, an insult to Japan. The flag used was obviously a war souvenir. It therefore rep- resented a country whose ill- advised, and to some shameful, aggression led to its downfall. All one now hears or reads about present-day Japan leaves one, or at least me, with the im- pression that the Japan of today is not merely the Japan of World War II in a new guise. Rather, it appears to be a new nation, with very different ideals and goals, and I can believe that this is so. Thus, one can demand respect for the flag -of this new Japan; one need show no more respect for the flag of the Japan of World War II than one must for the em- blem of their allies, the swastika. -Peter C. McLean, Grad Rustin : A Rare Man To the Editor: TONIGHTrthe University con- munity will haveasrarecop- portunity to hear one of the most important figures of the "civil rights revolution," Bayard Rustin, deputy director of last summer's massive March on Washington. Mr. Rustin will speak on "The Future of the Nonviolent Civil Rights Movement" at 8 p.m. in the Michigan Union Ballroom. Mr. Rustin is not a newcomer to social protest. His speech will keynote a regional conference of the Congress of Racial Equality, an organization he helped to form more than twenty years ago. *' * * FROM 1941 TO 1943, Mr. Rustin served as Race Relations Secretary of the Fellowship of Reconcilia- tion. In 1942, he went to Califor- nia to help protect the property of Japanese-Americans who had been placed in work camps. The follow- ing year, Mr. Rustin was imprison- ed in Lewis Penitentiary as a con- scientious objector. Upon his release in 1945, Mr. Rustin became chairman of the Free India Committee and was frequently arrested for sitting in at the British Embassy. In 1947, Mr. Rustin participated, in the first Freedom Ride-The Journey of Reconciliation. In 1961, Mr. Rustin went to West Africa where he worked with Azikiwe and Nkruma. With George Hauser he had organized the Committee to Support South African Resistance, which in 1953 became the Ameri- can Committee on Africa. Also, during this time, he became direc- tor of Mr. Randolph's Committee Against Segregation in the Armed Forces which secured President Truman's executive order eliminat- ing segregation in the armed forces. TWO YEARS LATER he went to Montgomery, Ala., at the in- vitation of Martin Luther King to assist in the organization of the bus boycott. The following year he drew up, at King's request, the first plans for the founding of the Southern Christian Leader- ship Conference. For seven years Mr. Rustin served as special aassis- tant to King. Mr. Rustin went to England in 1957 where he helped mobilize the first of the massive Alderrmasto i peace marches, and in the came year coordinated the 35,000 tronl Prayer Pilgrimage to Washngton for Civil Rights. Mr. Rustin has been arrested some 22 times in the struggle for civil rights. MR. RUSTIN is not just another civil rights speaker. CORE, and the co-sponsors of tonight's pro- gram, the Michigan Union Special Projects committee and the Hu- man Relations Board of SGC ex- tend to the community an inva- tation to hear Mr. Rustin. --David C. Aroner, 164 Ann Arbor CORE .2 .: r ':. is r A LAST GLANCE: An end to 'U' Schizophrenia THE NATION has come into a time of trouble. We dare not let our affairs become snarled up and unmanageable as a result of an organized American so- ciety which is impotent to act promptly and firmly. It is necessary to assert the paramount authority of the government over all at-. tempts to paralyze it or to intimidate it. Our immediate need is an agreement in the Senate on a reasonably amended civil rights bill. The country cannot af- ford a filibuster that lasts all summer; it is essential to demonstrate that the gov- ernment can govern and that, because it can govern, it is entitled to the faith and confidence of loyal men and women. But even if this is done, it will not mean that the Negro protest will subside when the civil rights bill passes. The griev- ances of the Negroes are not only the denial of their civil rights, but the in- equality of economic opportunity which stands in the way of every Negro child. To do something about this inequality will require resolute action to carry out the purposes which are outlined in the so- called war against poverty. .UT THAT IS NOT ALL. The internal tranquility of the nation is seriously disturbed, not only by racial, but also by sectional and ideological conflict. The true defense against division and disun- ion, which have grown alarmingly in re- cent years, would be an election-year rally of the vast central majority of pru- dent men and women in both our parties. That such a rally is already going on is shown by the phenomenal strength of President Lyndon B. Johnson in all the polls in all parts of the country. He is so strong because he himself belongs to the great prudent majority, and he has quite deliberately and very skillfully raised a standard to which the prudent majority can repair. There are those who are predicting that the Democratic Party will, however, do what it has done several times in the past-it will "snatch defeat out of the jaws of victory." They are predicting a struggle at the Democratic convention between the Johnsonians and the Kenne- dy following. This could happen if there dy faction in Atlantic City which wishes to deny the President the right to choose the man who may be his successor, who may have to substitute for him if he is taken ill and who, as the government now operates, must be his deputy and his intimate in the conduct of the ad- ministration. THERE ARE CERTAIN considerations which, when duly weighed, seem to be decisive against the choice of the at- torney general as a candidate for vice- president this year. One is that he and the President are not close, but on the contrary are at arm's length with each other. This was tolerable in the days when the vice- president was a Throttlebottom. But not in these days, when the vice-president must be the prime insider in the admin- istration. The second reason is that the vice- president must be chosen with complete awareness that at any time, beginning with the day after inauguration, he may suddenly become the President. It would, I believe, be deeply disturbing to the peo- ple of this country if President Kennedy's brother got to the White House because of a political maneuver in the Democrat- ic convention. I think many would resent it. The possibility that this could happen would be a grave liability in the election. THE GREATEST SERVICE that can be done to the memory of John F. Ken- nedy is to finish what he began. This will assure him a high place in history. To finish what he began, his succes- sor must be given the means-an impres- sive mandate from the country and the united support of the party. No greater disservice could be done than to feed the suspicions of the many who admired President Kennedy, but thought his family was overactive. Robert Kennedy is not ready to be President of tpe United tSates. But at his age and with his very remarkable politi- cal gifts, he has every right and much reason to aspire to be the President some day. The only self-respecting way to go about that is for him to earn his own By GAIL EVANS Associate City Editor, 1963-64 FOR ABOUT 1300 literary col- lege students, undergraduate education is nearly completed. We will soon be "case-closed" in an over-sized school with a split per- sonality. After President Lyndon John- son's speech, the inevitable disper- sion will occur. Many literary col- lege seniors will begin jobs, some will enterrprofessional training, a few unfortunate males will head for boot camp and the rest of the class will spend the summer months contemplating future goals. The literary college :tried to prepare these young people for the goal they sought: general educa- tion, preprofessional or pre- vocational training. But the col- lege cannot be all things to all students. It cannot satisfy both the stu- dent with a yearn to specialize and the student who wants a tra- ditional liberal education for at least one important reason: the specialist resents the diversity of the distribution requirements and the generalist resents the narrow- ness of the requirements and the major programs. THE COLLEGE ITSELF recog- nizes this inevitable tug-of-war. A few weeks ago a group of Univer- sity professors tossed around the proposition that the literary col- lege is becoming obsolete. The primary problem they discussed was: are the objectives of the literary college realistic? Faculty men raised the question of wheth- er it is possible to provide a liberal education in an age of specializa- tion and whether students want it anyway. Yes, comingled with the majority of students who are the slot fillers of society, there is a cadre of students who do want a liberal education. A simple interest poll taken among freshmen would show the size of this group. I believe many students recog- nize the importance of being gen- eralists in an age of specialists: they realize that a political de- mocracy depends on decision. making by generalists. A core of students do recognize a liberal education as a tool for discovering a true and aesthetic appreciation of life. Many believe in the ad- vantages that such an education can offer in a society with an ever increasing amount of leisure time. As Dean William Haber said two days ago, "The very nature of the technological revolution, bringing a high degree of speciali- zation, puts a greater premium on broad liberal education than ever before." SO LONG as there are a few students interested in a liberal education, the college has a re- sponsibility to offer such a pro- gram. Certainly it is possible to de- velop and maintain a truly liberal arts curriculum. Such a program is impossible only under the pres- ent structure of the literary col- lege. The structure is getting too big to manage its schizophrenic student specialize in his field with a minimum of supportive cog- nates. The preprofessional school would be excellent for the student who knows what he wants and wishes to do in-depth study in limited areas. VICE-PRESIDENT for Academ- ic Affairs Roger Heyns has offered a tentative suggestion along these lines: a restructuring of the de- partment system in the literary college. Department members in- terested strictly in undergraduate teaching would group together to form an interdisciplinary college department. Department members whose main concerns are research or graduate teaching would re- main clustered around their par- ticular field. The residential college is an- other form of this basic division. Although the specialist or pre- professional will be able to enter, its main emphasis will be on un- dergraduate liberal arts teaching. These plans of division are idealistic and should be an ulti- mate objective of the present literary college. However, it seems unlikely, given the present finan- cial picture at the University, that the University will be able tonat- tempt any such split in the next few years. As a stop-gap measure, the lit- erary college should make drastic revisions in the distribution con- cept. By eliminating distribution requirements and individualizing education to a far greater extent, the college can achieve basically the same objective: providing a superior education for the gen- eralist and the specialist. RIGHT NOW the academic counselor is virtually unnecessary as a curricular adviser. The col- lege catalogue list of distribution and major requirements and the student's . native intelligence are sufficient to map out a conven- tional four-year course of study. If distribution requirements were eliminated and selecting a major made optional, a student's educa- tion could be more individualized. The academic counselor would be- come an instrumental part of a student's education, actually help- ing to guile the student, rather thantreiterating the college cata- logue. Also the student himself would have to assume more re- sponsibility for the quality of his studies. When this suggestion was made to a group of faculty members, a wistful "if we only had the coun- selors to do it" sounded around the room. I believe that the Uni- versity does have a sufficient staff to handle such a program. By making the counselor's job more important andmore integral in the teaching process, more cap- able faculty would venture into the counseling office. A little extra pay in their monthly check might also serve as the needed incentive. THE LITERARY college cur- riculum committee has seriously considered the elimination of the distribution requirements. The col- lege should adopt the suggestion. The mere elimination of the re- quirements will not eliminate the concept of a liberal education. If students want a broad background, they will voluntarily elect a wide variety of courses. If they do not, no distribution requirement pro- gram will force it upon them. However, desire coupled with the academic adviser's ability to sell the concept of a liberal education -designed to fit the particular student's needs-will produce an educational climate superior to that which surrounded the 1300 seniors receiving their diplomas in two weeks. At Cinema Guild AT THE BEGINNING of Lu- chino Visconti's "Rocco and his Brothers," the Parondi family from Calabria (a widow and her five sons) have come north to Milan in search of work and a less indigent existence. One son marries a local girl, one becomes a mechanic with Alfa Romeo, one (Simone) takes up professional boxing, and one (Rocco) moves ir- resolutely between jobs until he too settles on boxing. Simone falls in love with a prostitute, Nadia, who in time leaves him for Rocco. Then one night, after a ring hu- miliation, drunk and goaded by a companionable lago, Simone catches Rocco and Nadia together. They are evidently deeply in love. And in one of the most heart- stopping scenes in cinema, Si- mone's friends pinion Rocco while Simone himself savagely but with a kind of tortured love, rapes Nadia before his brother's eyes. In a sense, the drama can go no farther than this. But Visconti treats it as a catharsis; the cru- cible shatters, and the latter part of the film follows the diffusion and decay of its contents. The family breaks up, Simone even- tually kills Nadia, and is taken away by the police, Rocco con- templates returning alone to Cala- bria. You don't have to be a purist to exclude "Rocco and his Broth- ers" from any pantheon of un- doubted film masterpieces. Many vital elements in this film are left unresolved: One of these is Roc- co's character (is he a saint? or is he rather a saintly fool in the Parsifal tradition?). Another is the precise impact of the city of Milan upon the peasant immigrants-one is never certain that the family might not have met equal misfortune back in the South. Even in the wider sense, as "social commentary," the film is insecure; one's sympathies are Senlisted by individuals rather than by their situations. YET "ROCCO and his Brothers" remains for me the most vivid, human and deeply experienced film I have ever seen. With the possible exception of Visconti's "La Terra Trema," which many critics rate among the very greatest films, (Rocco is its sequel), "Rocco" in- volves the grandest and truest pictorialization of human emotion yet offered by the cinema. Visconti is an arch-Romantic in an age of technical sophisticates; which is no more a regression (necessarily) than were Mozart's earlier symphonies from the for- Similarly, "Rocco" 's most im- pressive feature is its relentless, organic growth, which derives merely from a gathering interplay of emotion and predicament. It explodes into the rape (which comes after about two-thirds of the film's length) and then relaxes and rebuilds to the final climax. Or it should do. Unfortunately the Cinema Guild copy has been dis- gracefully censored by the dis- tributor-it is nearly 30 minutes short of the advertised time-and the central balance of the film has been grievously disturbed. The rape is concertina-d into what now ap- pears as a rather sexy kiss;, the subsequent fight is desultory and confusing; and it takes something over 15 minutes before Visconti's original pace can re-assert itself. IF "ROCCO and his Brothers" were merely (as has often been implied) an opera set to words, it would have very little to do with the cinema. But it's a great deal more than that. Only a camera could give such a specific delinea- tion of human emotion, or could involve an audience so completely in the Parondi family fortunes. Visconti achieves this by the ut- most simplicity of approach-pre- dominately frontal, with the ab- solute minimum of cuts (he pre- fers to work in slow pans, except in two-way conversations where alternating medium close-ups are employed). At the same time the shots are often packed with the kind of ambivalence that permits different views of one subject withoutuat any point confusing the issue. For instance, Simone, pursuing a rich middle-aged spin- ster, allows his fingers to drift indulgently across the fabric cov- ering her breast-until they curl about the jewelled brooch that hangs there. The fertility of invention in such a long film is astonishing. The action, however secondary or re- mote from the camera, bustles with busy intention. The sound- track is endlessly subtle, and the music is employed with marvellous economy and effect-for once in a film it takes an integral and crucial part. "Rocco" is so stamped with the personality of its director that the actors seem naturally to fall to the end of a notice. Yet I have rarely seen such a convincing portrayal of physical decline as that of Renato Salvatori as Simone; or such vital, real characterizations as those of Annie Girardot as the prostitute (after this, "Irma la 'ROCCO' Greatness of Film Overcoming Flaws e PHILADELPHIA ORCHESTRA: Open Festival Concerts A CAPACITY audience heard the Philadelphia Orchestra and a program of Ludwig Beethoven and Joan Sutherland last night in the opening concert of the 1964 May Festival. Of the four overtures to Beethoven's only opera "Fidelio," "Leo- nore No. 3" is perhaps the best known and most played. Eugene Ormandy led a careful and well-calculated read through. Tempo fluctuations abounded but did not succeed in destroying the well-wrought shape of the work. THREE STAPLES of the Italian bel canto repertory were sung by soprano Joan Sutherland. "Ah, Fors' e lui" and "Sempre libera" are from "La Traviata," the last opera in Verdi's famous and popular trilogy of 1851-53. The "Mad Scene" from Donizetti's "Lucia di Lam- mermoor" has been a concert favorite. Though differing in dramatic situation and vocal style, all three arias have one quality in common: they are difficult, requiring a vocal technique of the first order. Miss Sutherland fulfilled most of these technical demands- She possesses a smooth tone, accurate technique and indulges in little slid- ing up to high notes. Her trills are genuine. * * * CONCLUDING THE evening was another standard orchestral work, Beethoven's Symphony No. 7. The A Major symphony possesses a combination of melancholy grandeur and restrained friviolity which gives it a character distinct from that of Beethoven's other symphonies. Ormandy led a rather fast opening "Poco sostenuto." Although this tmnn an he instifibA hv the harmnnic rhvthm. it r1ne nt no rmit I z