WEDNESDAY, APRIL I5, 1964 THE MICHIGAN DAILY WEDNESDAY. APRIL 15, 1964 THE MICHIGAN DAILY Z4r+J.Ld LA Fulbright Envisions 'Hard Year' for Aid AID Head Bell Urges Full Grant For Help to Underdeveloped Areas WASHINGTON OP)-A short Senate hearing yesterday on a sec- tion of the administration's foreign aid proposal brought from Sen. J. W. Fulbright (D-Ark) a concession that the program "is in for another hard year." Fulbright, chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, has the key role in the Senate in pushing the measure through. His forces had a tough time getting approval of a $3-billion program in 1963 just before year's end. The committee took up in' the morning <+one part of the new $3.4-billion administration request-$225 mil- lion to continue grants for tech- lnical cooperation and help for un- derdeveloped nations. SEN. J. W. FULBRIGHT CIVIL RIGHTS: Detail Pickets, In New York New York's two largest civil rights organizations, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Con- gress on Racial Equality, called jointly yesterday for massive dem- onstrations at City Hall and the city's Board of Education to pro- test racial imbalances in the city school system, the New York Times reported. Also in New York, the Brooklyn chapter of CORE was reported to be considering an intentional wa- ter-wasting campaign as an ul- timatum to the city on integra- tion demands in housing, schools' employment and police brutality. CORE supporters will be asked to leave their faucets open if the auto stall-in planned by the chap- ter for opening day at the World's Fair fails to produce results. The chapter hopes to have hun- dreds of cars run out of gasoline on key roads to the fair, blocking traffic. Whole Field Only Fulbright and Sen. Frank J. Lausche (D-Ohio) were present when the questioning began for David E. Bell, administrator for the Agency for International De- velopment, and his aides. Other senators began arriving later and peppered Bell with questions cov- ering the whole field of past, pres- and future foreign aid. Bell urged the senators to ap- prove the full $225 million for grants to underdeveloped nations. He said the money would be used chiefly in Africa, the Far East and the Near East and South Asia. There is a separate and similar $84-million program for Latin America under the Alliance for Progress program. So far, Bell said, about 600 projects in 52 countries have been approved underawhat he described as "a tight program." Question of Priority His discussion of a program to bring about 1500 Africans to Amer- ica for training and education during the next year brought a protest from Sen. Wayne Morse (D-Ore). He said taxpayers are financing "aid to education abroad" when this country badly needs to expand facilities for higher education before 1980, when United States college enrollments will be more than double the present total. Morse, a vigorous foe of the new program, forced the hearing to a halt as the Senate met to resume the civil rights debate. 24-Hours a Day Bell told the senators he and his assistants are willing to testify early in the morning or late at night on whether to take up the new aid program as a single pack- age or in eight separate bills of- fered by Fulbright. Morse commented that ;here is serious opposition in the House to considering the program in eight different packages. Referring to last year's aid hassle that last- ed until Dec. 30, when the funds were finally approved, he added that "We are headed into another impasse." See Trouble With Britain In Rhodesia A collision between Britain and Southern Rhodesia was in the air yesterday as a conservative ex- tremist gained control of the Southern Rhodesian government, the New York Times reported. Ian D. Smith, former minister of the treasury, was named prime minister after a right-wing revolt in the ruling Rhodesian Front par- ty forced Winston J. Field to re- sign his office after 16 months in office. The Zimbabwe African National Union, one of the two principle black nationalist movements in the country, called on the Africans in Rhodesia . to prepare for an "inevitable head-on collision" with the whites. Most Reactionary The Union termed Smith's group "the most reactionary element" in the nation. Smith, in his first public state-. ment, denied that the governmen- tal change has anything to do with the efforts of Southern Rho- desia's white minority to gain full independence while it still retains political control over the coun- try's large black majority. But other Rhodesian sources claimed that Field's ouster by his party's extremists had come be- cause Field refused to set a time limit for negotiating constitution- ally and legally with Britain for white independence. The same authority believed that the extremists in the Front party were prepared to seize independ- ence on their own once a date had been agreed upon. Smith indicated that he would step up pressure for Southern Rhodesia's rights. "We are desirous to try to have a negotiated independence, and we will continue to strive for that. But we can visualize circumstances that might drive us to do some- thing else," he said at a news conference. Assassination. Garfield Todd, deposed as prime minister in 1957 for being too liberal, called the revolt against Field an act of "political assassi- nation," adding that "the price this country is being asked to pay to maintain white government is higher than we can afford." Field himself explained the re- volt by saying that "Serious dis- agreements have arisen between my party and myself in relation to policy, and I have been requested to retire in order to make way for someone else." An hour later the governor of the country called on Smith to form a new government. Smith informed the governor that he, instead of Field, now "command- ed a majority" of 65 seats in the House of Assembly. I The Peace Corps will offer ad- vance training overseas to some 700 juniors in a number of six- to-eight week sessions this sum- mier. In effect, the summer trainees will be given a head start over other college students planning to serve in the Corps. Major Effort "The senior year program rep- resents a major effort on our part SARGENT SHRIVER World, News Roundup By The Associated Press SAIGON-The United States is going to streamline the top-heavy administration of its military forces in Viet Nam, American au- thorities announced last night. The U.S. Military Advisory As- sistance Command (MAAG) that has operated here since 1955 will. be abolished soon, they said, and its personnel will be absorbed by a higher organization established in 1962, the U.S. Military Assist- ance Command of Viet Nam (MA- CV). PARIS - President Charles de Gaulle met with his -military and civilian advisers yesterday to out- line France's space objectives and program for the next five years. In 1963 France spent 174 mil- lion francs ($35 million)., on civil- ian space projects, and this fig- ure will go up to 231 million francs ($46.5 million) in 1964. S* s SILVER SPRINGS, Md.-Rach- el Carson,56-year-old author of the controversial book "The Silent Spring," died yesterday of can- cer. * * * JACKSON, Miss.-Byron de la Beckwith told an all-white jury trying him for murder yesterday he did not kill Negro integration leader Medgar Evers. The segregationist took the stand near the climax of his sec- ond trial; basically, his story was the same as before. WASHINGTON-President Lyn- don B. Johnson yesterday pro- claimed May 1 as "Loyalty Day" and urged all citizens to "join in a reaffirmation of their loyalty to the United States." He also proclaimed Sept. 17 as "Citizenship Day" and designated the following week as "Constitu- tion Week." DETROIT-A newly formed Ci- tizens Committee for Fair Appor- tionment voted unanimously Mon- day night to oppose congressional redistricting plans of both Re- publican Gov. George W. Romney and Democratic Lt. Gov. T. John Lesinski. The predominantly Negro orga- nization agreed to "oppose any plan of apportionment which de- creases the possibility of electing a second Negro congressman from Wayne (Detroit) County," then adopted a plan of its own for sub- mission to both political parties. to increase the quality of Peace Corps training programs by en- couraging juniors to start train- ing while they are still incollege," Peace Corps Director Sargent Shriver explained in anouncing the program. Shriver said this would permit prospective volunteers to plan for eventual service abroad, perhaps even to revise their senior year program to prepare for work in a particular skill or area of the world. The summer program will in- clude elements of the regular training programs, concentrating on determining aptitude for service as volunteers. The senior year trainees will receive transporta- tion, room, board and pocket money. Undergo Training Next fall, they will return to college for their senior year. After graduation, they will undergo an- other four-to-eight weeks of train- ing before being selected for duty overseas. Shriver said that by starting training a year earlier the Peace Corps will have a better oppor- tunity to match overseas assign- ments to the skills and aptitudes of the individual volunteers. Up to six separate training pro- grams are planned this summer, depending upon how many college juniors are interested. Sites of the training programs haven't been named yet. The programs will be designed to train the following: -Secondary school teachers for English-speaking Africa. -Secondary school teachers for French-speaking Latin America. -Urban community develop- ment workers for Spanish-speak- ing Latin America. -Rural community development workers for Spanish-speaking Lat- in America. Teachers of English-as-a-for- eign language. -Applicants to learn difficult languages, such as Thai, not or- dinarily taught in American col- leges. Machine Sale Sparks Conflict LONDON {P, - A new United States-British dispute developed yesterday over a report that a British steel company, was nego- tiating to sell Cuba heavy cranes powered by American diesel en- gines. The American company, which has supplied a dozen engines in the past to Britain's Steel. and Co., promptly announced that if the Cuban deal goes through it will cut of f its engine supplies to the British firm. Corps To Offer Training In Summer Sessions Soviet Virgin Lands Scheme Falters By RICHARD F. NEWCOMB ported) was lying in the ports no one to drive it. The factories Associated Press Newsfeatures Writer while rail cars were transporting made new machines instead of In insisting on the Virgin Lands vegetables. But vegetables were spare parts. scheme in 1953, Soviet Premier Ni- rotting in the cars onthe outskirts But in Kazakhstan last fall they kita Khrushchev severely distort- of Moscow, and 25,000 persons stopped the trains and begged ed farm production throughout the turned out on a holiday to rescue passengers to get out and help rest of the Soviet Union. what they could, with the harvest. Recruiting par- Give Them Cake ties went as far as the Crimea, Againstdthe advice of experts, The old custom of free bread in a thousand miles away, looking and o a vast area of Siberia restaurants has been abolished, for workers. Pravda said it was nd Kazakhstan-nearly 100 mil- and it is now a crime to feed necessary to send in 100,000 ma- lion acres-turned to the plow, bread to animals. People were chine operators. On one state farm, Khrushchev saw waving grain warned to save cvery possible kilo- only 17 operators could be found stretching over hundreds of miles gram of potatoes, vegetables and for 77 combines. of steppes, providing enough to fruit. The rains came, and the grain feed the Soviet millions and make The Soviet Union then entered rotted. Even grain already cut lay the USSR a powerful world trader. a new business-exporting gold by on the ground and spoiled.; no By 1956, production had soared the tons to pay for millions of trucks to move it. It was disaster, to 23.8 million tons -of grain. Then tons of food. Something is wrong and the weather was only part of it began to fall. By 1958 it was with the Soviet system of agricul- it. down to 15 million tons; by 1962 ture. Production is not grow- Waste Fertilizer it was only 8 million. Then came ing fast enough to keep up with Khrushchev's latest panacea is a terrible winter and the great the population. fertilizer and pesticides. He pro- drought of 1963. Last month, Ag- The breakdown is complete, poses to spend $50 billion on this riculture Minister Ivan Volochen- from the fields all the way back in the next seven years. The peas- cko admitted what the world had to the factories. The peasants shirk ants still waste what little ferti- long suspected. Huge areas of the the state farms, because they make lizer they have. Virgin Lands are turning into a out better working their small pri- The future looks grim. Plowing dust bowl. vate plots. Khrushchev alternate- last fall for this spring's wheat Crisis Meeting ly woos them and threatens them, was far behind schedule, and it "Wind and water erosion is in- promising a better life for more was another bad winter for the flicting tremendous damage on work, or punishment for less. In young wheat in the ground. agricunlture," he told 6000 farm the last five years, production has Canada looks forward to feed- leaders summoned to Moscow for steadily fallen. ing the Communist world for years the latest crisis meeting. More Machinery Idle to come. Mitchell Sharp, the trade than 10 million acres are already As the grain rots in the field, minister, says the Communist bloc affected in Siberia and Kazakh- the machinery to save it stands will be "permanent importers" of stan and nearly 20 million acres idle. It is either broken or there is grain on a substantial scale. will have to be "shallow-plowed" this year, to keep them from blowing away. In the last four years Khrush- CAMPUSOPTICIANS ! chev has fired four farm czars I. in Kazakhstan, but even that could Located at 240 Nickels Arcade not save the Virgin Lands scheme. Last month it was officially bur- DOCTORS' PRESCRIPTIONS FILLED But that is only part of the Prescription sunglasses story. While Khrushchev concen- CATERING TO CAMPUS STYLES trated on the Virgin Lands, more than 8 million acres of land in NO 2-9116. 9-5:30 the Ukraine was taken out of a