Ulyr trdligatt Bally
EmmD ND MNA~D Sevruty-TLrd Yar
EDITEDAoMANAGEDBYTUDENS O UNIVERSITY o' MICFIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITT OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
"Where Opinion AnFle STUDENT PUlLCATtONS BLDG.,ANN AiBOR, Micm., PHONE NO 2-3241
Truth Will Prevail"
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in at; reprints.
SATURDAY, APRIL 11, 1964 NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL SATTINGER

THE SEX DILEMMA, PART III:
A Doubted Code-Vague, Painful Revolt

Power, Polities and
State Appropriations

THE LEGISLATURE'S criteria for ap-
propriations seem to be established
more on a basis of "who you know" than
a system of what you deserve.
This political fact became clear Tues-
day as the Senate Appropriations Com-
mittee "polished off" the governor's high-
er education bill for transmittal to the
Senate floor;
In a frantic swarm of actions to gevt
the bill out of committee by its 12 p.m.
deadline, the appropriations unit whipped
millions of dollars in and out of the bill,
and then passed it with only a few in-
consistent changes.
FOR THE UNIVERSITY, on the brink of
suffering a severe million dollar defla-
tion of its pending $44 million share of
the appropriation, the practically un-
doctored bill which emerged was a bless-
ing.
Other deserving schools did not come
off so well. And the whole operation was
drenched in power politics, not of careful
assessment.
THE FARCE REALLY BEGAN months
ago with the development of the re-
districting crisis. While re-election mind-
ed legislators sought to determine in
what district--if any-they would be run-
ning this fall, appropriation bills were ig-
nored.
In addition, the governor's office claim-
ed the higher education appropriation bill
-covering all 10 state-supported schools
--was just too complicated to detail how
each university's recommendation had
been set.
TlE COMMITTEE, traditionally more
than a trifle fiscal-minded when it
comes to education, saw two very large
figures-the University's $44 million and.
Michigan State University's $39 million
recommendations.
Some members, including Chairman
Frank Beadle, wanted to do something,
about it-like a slash for instance. But
Ann Arbor's influential Stanley Thayer
was having none of it. He, along with
several other senators, would not pass

the bill with $800,000
University's allocation.

deleted from theI

AS TUESDAY AFTERNOON drew to
its conclusion, Beadle and Sen. Stanley
Rozycki of Detroit had to relent. They
stuck the $800,000 (and a million for
Michigan State University) back into the
bill. As a compromise, a rider was at-
tached reminding the University not to
use the money for new branch colleges-
a rather last-second and functionless
move.
Wayne State, which is getting only $20
million, despite a student enrollment of
almost two-thirds of the University's,
wasn't so lucky. Though it got what the
governor requested, that was far less than
it had originally asked for. Its "friend,"
Rozycki, is unfortunately a Democrat.
LIKE STUDENTS pulling an all-nighter
on a term paper, the legislators fin-
ally prepared the bill at 10:30 p.m.-an
hour and a half before the deadline.
Most senators, with figures of other bills
buzzing in their heads, weren't quite sure
what the final totals were. They stuck to
the reassuring explanation: "The totals
are just what the governor asked for."
Which indeed they were. But if it hadn't
been for Thayer and his "tenacity," as
one senator phrased it, heavy slashes
would have been recorded.
The University, accustomed to heavy
budget cuts, won back a deserved $800,-
000. But next year, with Thayer gone,
things will get worse again.
THE UNIVERSITY was a winner here
Thursday. Wayne State was a loser.
Next year, the reverse may be true. But as
long as liegislators worry more about
playing politics than doing what is best
for the state, all of higher education will
suffer.
The political transparencies of parties
and power must not prevail-over the more
substantial considerations of faculty sal-
aries and enrollment bulges-no matter
whose budget is at stake.
-LAURENCE KIRSHBAUM

EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the
third in a four part series on
the causes, characteristics, conse-
quences and future of the sex di-
lemma on the college campus today.
By JEFFREY GOODMAN
"THE NUMBER of illegitimate
children born to teen-age
mothers rose from 8.4 per thou-
sand in 1940 to 16 in 1961, in the
20-25 age group from 11.2 per
thousand to 41.2."
The figures are reported by
Time magazine in its January
article on "Sex in the U.S.: Mores
and Morality."
Surprisingly or not, however,
illegitimacy is probably the only
effect of premarital coitus that
can be even fairly definitely
assessed. Yet author after author
proclaims that the disintegration
of society is imminent with chang-
ing sexual practices on and off
of American college campuses.
NOT THAT there are no ef-
fects, however. Today's college
student moves about tensely in a
no-man's land between a strict
sexual code with which he was
all but born and a whole host of
personal and social forces that in-
sist that sex can be good.
He indulges, often to prove an
ability to take it, often as an un-
admitted rebellion, often with sin-
cere affection.
The consequences are inevit-
able: uponsengagement, upon
marriage, upon courtship rela-
tionships.
And for many, in unwanted
children. Most significantly, the
figure quoted by Time on illegiti-
mate births is probably valuable
only as a minimum; it makes no
mention of abortions, of shotgun
marriages, of suicides. G a e 1
Greene, ex-University journalist,
cites ,in her recent work on "Sex
and the College Girl" an estimate
by Dr. Milton Levine of Cornell
University: 1000 unwanted preg-
nancies among college women
each year. And immediately she
terms the figure "highly conser-
vative."
She further reports that a dis-
tressing number of the over 600
coeds she interviewed know very
little aboutkcontraceptives, and
those who know occasionally do
not care to use them.
* * *
TO MANY, SHE says, not tak-
ing proper precautions is a direct
attack upon the same vague some-
one-Society, Mother, Oneself-
who is hopefully hurt by premar-
ital intercourse itself. The same
confusion, the same unconscious
rebellion involved in the act are
likely to make it far more danger-
ous than it need be.
Christopher Jencks, reviewing
Miss Greene's book in The New
Republic, states that "Few girls
have the courage or the wit to
rethink their inherited cliches
about sex, though many feel free
to ignore them. The result is a
double standard in which a girl's
sense of propriety and of her fu-
ture remains unconnected with
her love-making. It is as if, by
getting a doctor to fit them with
a diaphragm or prescribe pills,
their love play would be trans-
formed from fantasy to reality,
from darkness to broad daylight,
from a world of romantic self-
deception to a world where acts
have consequences.
"By denying the need to do
anything about their bodies while
making love, the young seem to
be trying tovdeny the need for do-
ing anything about their psyches
afterward."
NEVERTHELESS, possible preg-
nancy does not seem the most
crucial issue in American sexual
tdends. While experts disagree on
the effectiveness of standard me-
chanical devices for contracep-
tion-condoms, diaphragms, jel-
lies, foams-the scientific evidence
on the safety of newer methods
-pills and inter-uterine inserts-
is extremely strong.
According to Dr. Dennis Burke

of Health Service, for instance,
"the simplest mechanical devices,
if used properly, are probably just
as effective as Enovid and other
pills: 100 per cent." At the same

time, however, Dr. Johan Eliot of
the public health school cites an
important 1961 study by Dr. C. F.
Westoff, et. al., of the Population
Study Center at Princeton Uni-
versity which indicates that use
of condoms results in approxi-
mately four pregnancies during
the fertile years of the average
woman. The rate is slightly higher
for diaphragms.
Yet both agree on the nearly
perfect record so far established
for pills and inserts. According to
Dr. Eliot, doctors are not sure if
there are any authenticated cases
of pregnancies among women who
took the pill as directed, and fig-
ures on the latest insert device
put the likelihood of conception
during the woman's period of fer-
tility at four-tenths of one preg-
nancy.
It seems safe to conclude, there-
fore, that if modern science has
not already done so, it will soon
have removed pregnancy from the
realm of accident and made it
largely a matter of improper use
and outright ignorance of method.
This means that contraception is
almost wholly a matter of educa-
tion. Groups like the Washtenaw
County Planned Parenthood Lea-
gue-anxious to make knowledge
of birth control methods available
and engaging in continual publi-
city-are fast breaking down
societal barriers to the spread of
contraceptive knowledge.
WHAT IS FAR more important
to this discussion, then, are the
mental and social aftereffects of
intercourse before marriage.
Certainly the doubts engender-
ed by the conflict between a well-
established morality and the pres-
sures of the modern world are
significant. Even if they are not
constant or agonizing or do not
lead in all cases to mental break-
downs, even if some people regard
them as healthy - a sign that
youth is at least thinking about
its problems instead of reacting
blindly-the potential for disturb-
ing effects is great.
DOUBT LEAVES one open to
all kinds of suggestions, to in-
volvements that cannot be thought
through, that may not be wanted.
And there are definite psychiatric
complications of many types when
important questions cannot be
satisfactorily resolved. Time writes
the following:
"The U.S. is forever trying to
banish sin from the universe-
and finding new sins to worry
about. Then new sex freedom in
the U.S. does not necessarily set
people free. Psychoanalyst Rollo
May believes that it has mini-
mized external anxiety but in-
creased internal tension. The
greatsnew sin today is no longer
giving in to desire, he thinks, but
not giving in to. it fully or suc-
cessfully enough."
* * *
SOCIOLOGIST Paul Landis of
Washington State University, in
his book on "Making the Most of
Marriage," writes that "Lester
Kirkendall, teacher and marriage
counselor, in his study of 250 col-
lege couples having sexual inter-
course shows that many ... claim
no regret (while at the same
time), 'practically all the premar-
itl coitus in the pre-engagement
period takes place under condi-
tions which in both the short and
the long run, result in more sus-
picion, distrust and less ability to
set up a good relationship later.,
This is the same Lester Kirken-
dall, by the way, who believes that
"the moral decision (about sex)
will be the one which works to-
ward the creation of trust, confi-
dence and integrity in the rela-
tionship."
In ebalorating Kirkendall's po-
sition, Prof. Robert O. Blood of
the sociology department states in
his book, "Marriage," that "only
a small number of couples seem
able to prepare the way for pre-
marital intercourse by full and
free discussion, to place the im-
portance of their total relation-

ship ahead of sex and to be moti-
vated primarily by love for each
other."
IN FURTHER explaining why

thing of value with her virginity
-the fear of becoming a 'left-
over,' second-hand commodity."
he believes sexual intimacy dis-
rupts affectional bonds, Prof.
Blood offers some of the follow-
ing reasons:
1) "Intercourse alters the char-
acter of the relationship from at-
traction to fulfillment, from an-
ticipation to satiation, from the
appeal of the unknown to bore-
dom with the known."
(On the other hand, 55 per
cent of Kinsey's women marrying
between 21 and 25 engaged in
coital activities for more than two
years before marriage and the fig-
ure is climbing.)
2) "For the girl, desire to marry
may increase to guarantee eco-
nomic support and social security
in case of pregnancy and because
of the sense of having lost some-

only. Highest scores for men oc-
curred when their partners were
virgins and lowest when the wo-
man had had intercourse with
the male partner and others.
Nevertheless, there is great dif-
ficulty in knowing just how to
take these data given the age and
small size of the sample and the
relatively low statistical correla-
tions generated in a majority of
the tests. Unfortunately, however,
there appears to be no more recent
study dealing with this aspect.
* * *
SIMILAR WORK has been done
on the effects on marriage itself.
On the purely physical level, Kin-
sey finds a high positive correla-
tion betwen amount of premarital
sexual experience and the wo-
man's ability to be sexually satis-
fied in the first year of marriage.
The marked difference between

-Daily-Frank Wing
.. THE DOUBTS engendered by the conflict between a well-es-
tablished morality and the pressures of the modern world ...

Working on the Railroads

A further serious consequence
is that noted by E. E. LeMasters,
whom Prof. Landis interprets as
saying that sex tends to gloss over
serious differences between two
people so that these troubles do
not appear until after marriage.
JUST WHAT are the effects
upon engagement and marriage
which these studies often de-
scribe? While there is much liter-
ature addressed to this question,
results here, too, beg many ques-
tions.
Statistically, Professors Ernest
Burgess and Paul Wallin, in a
study reported in their 1953 vol-
ume on "Engagement and Mar-
riage," seem to. show a deleterious
effect from premarital intercourse
during engagement upon an en-
gagement success measure which
they devised. The sample reported
is 226 engaged men and women,
88 of whom had had intercourse
with their partner and 138 of
whom had not. The study was
made in 1938.
For both men and women, a
larger percentage of those who
had abstained made higher scores
than those who had had premari-
tal intercourse. This percentage
slowly declined relative to that for
non-abstainers as the success
scores decreased.
But the study does not test for
engagement success both before
and after intercourse, and in any
case its authors find far too many
statistically insignificant differ-
ences to report a causal relation-
ship with confidence.
* * *
A DIFFERENT measure was the
breaking off of engagements as a
function of intercourse. Here Bur-
gess and Wallin found that in 31
broken engagements, 48.4 per cent
of the couples had never had in-
tercourse, 19.4 per cent occasional-
ly and 32.3 per cent often. Of 195
unbroken engagements, 63.1 per
cent had never had intercourse,
15.9 per cent ocassionally and 21
per cent often,
Finally, the authors find "that
the highest success scores among
women were for those still virgin
and the lowest for those who had
had intercourse with their fiance

experienced a n d inexperienced
brides all but disappears, how-
ever, by the tenth year of mar-
riage.
And an adptation of Kinsey's
figures by Prof. Blood indicates
that the correlation probably dis-
appears by the fifth year.
* * *
NUMEROUS interpretations of
such findings are offered in the
literature, most dealing with the
fact that sexual satisfaction is
evidently a learned art. In any
case, the fact that differences be-
tween virgin and non-virgin brides
fall off so quickly seems to in-
dicate that one would have diffi-
culty advocating premarital inter-
course on the grounds that it in-
creased marital satisfaction.
On the other hand, a study by
University of Pennsylvania sociol-
ogist William Kephart shows that
well over 50 per cent of all di-
vorces take place within the first
five years of marriage. Where
sexual incompatibility is impor-
tant, it seems that the more ex-
perienced bride will have a better
chance of staying married than
the unexperienced one.
EVEN MORE significant is an
admitted selectivity in the data:
females with higher sex drive are
more likely to have intercourse
before marriage-and more likely
to respond to it after marriage.
Finally areratingsof marital
adjustment, such as Burgess and
Wallin's, which is based on a
unique "love score." Working with
over 450 couples, they find that
the percentage of both husbands
and wives who fall in the high
score bracket but never had pre-
marital intercourse is higher than
that for those who indulged-for
men: 50 per cent versus 36 per
cent, respectively: for women: 62
per cent versus 36 per cent, re-
spectively.
A second study, by University
of California Prof. Harvey Locke,
finds a slightly higher divorce rate
for those reporting premarital in-
tercourse than for those who ab-
stained. Forty-one per cent of the
divorcees studied reported pre-
marital involvement with their

spouse as against only 35 per cent
of happily-married couples.
DEFINITELY to be included in
an analysis of premarital inter-
course are statistical correlations
discovered between it and extra-
marital intercourse. Kinsey finds
that while only 13 per cent of the
females who had had no pre-
marital intercourse committed
adultery, 29 per cent of those with
premarital experience sought it
after marriage.
But his analysis of the finding is
especially important: "These cor-
relations between premarital and
extramarital experience may have
depended in part upon a selective
factor: the females who were in-
clined to accept coitus before mar-
riage may have been the ones
who were more inclined to accept
non-marital coitus after marriage.
A causal relationship may also
have been involved, for it is not
impossible that non-marital coital
experience before marriagehad
persuaded those females that non.
marital coitus might be acceptable
after marriage.
"However, the females who had
had premarital coitus seemed to
have been no more promiscuous
in their extramarital relationships
than the females who had had no
premarital coitus."
ALL IN ALL, the studies on en-
gagement, marriage and divorce
are far from conclusive-as their
authors readily admit. If there are
correlations, they are low; the
samples are small and geograph-
ically limited. Their scope has on-
ly partial applicability to present
day college youth in that they deal
with couples married not later
than the middle '40's. In most
cases, the studies are not broken
down by amount of .education
Nevertheless, various writers;
Prof. Blood among them, are in-
clined to accept the findings in
general. He writes in "Marriage:"
"The more extreme the intimacy
in degree and the morepromis-
cuous the circumstances, the more
it violates the personal attitudes
and behavior patterns prerequisite
to success in marriage.
BUT THERE IS one monumen
tally important fact that seems to
stare straight out from all these
data: the most significant con-
clusion that can be reached from
all the sampling and guessing and
emotion about the effect of pre-
marital intercourse upon the in-
dividual is that none of it really
proves anything about premarital
intercourse per se.
What is proved is precisely and
only that engagement in a strong-
ly prohibited and, as it seems to
the student, a wrongly prohibited
action is paid for in guilt, tension,
fear and ultimately unhappiness.
There are far-reaching implica-
tions in such a statement as an
indication both of what to expect
in the future as that prohibition
dies away and of how the in-
dividual might safely act when the
tension-breeding stigma attached
to sex is gone.
Part Four will elaborate on these
implications.
CONCERT:
Boisterous
13lue grass
A LITTLE BIT of Ohio County,
Ky., was embedded joyfully
into a capacity crowd at the
League Ballroom as Bill Monroe
and his Bluegrass Boys invaded
the North. Seldom has any con-
cert been more fun.
After the disappointing com-
mercialized bluegrass presented

this past fall by Flatt & Scruggs
it was a pleasure and a surprise
to find that the "grandaddy of
them all" after 25 years is still as
exciting and lively as ever.
** *
FROM THE opening frenzy fid-
dle piece, "Panhandle Country,"
to the final "Y'all. Come,"' Bill
Monroe and his Bluegrass Boys
"meshed right in" with polish and
spontanaity. Monroe's mandolin
was as able as ever on such num-
bers as his own "Bluegrass Brea-
down" and "Rawhide." Such num-
bers as "Mule Skinner Blues,"
"Footprints in the Snow" and
"Mother's Not Dead" as performed
by Monroe and his group have
become classics in his field.
It was heartening to see a blue-
grass fiddler of the dimensions of
Benny Williams. A much maligned
and often forgotten virtuoso in-
strument, William wild and able
fingers showed what a good fiddle
can really do. Even the old war
horse "Orange Blossom Special"
became vibrant and alive.
On the other side of the coin
lies the squashed nasal- voice: of
Malissa Monroe, an embarrassing
interjection in an otherwise excit-
ing concert.
BUT EVEN that can be excused

SO LYNDON B. JOHNSON got a 20-day
postponement in the nationwide rail
strike that has threatened us for many
months.
Big deal!
Why don't these Democrats quit dis-
simulating with the American people and
start doing their constitutionally sworn
duty? Why don't they get off their vote-*
sensitive fingertips and act like they have
some regard for the general public?
The populace-or at least those that
still see daylight through the union-
Democrat smokescreen-should properly
be enraged. Almost 16 months ago, that
great bastion of progress and liberal
thinking, the United States Supreme
Court, declared featherbedding illegal and
acknowledged the right of the nation's
railroads to discharge the firemen now
riding useless aboard the diesel-powered
trains. At the same. time the court also
acknowledged the railroad'unions' right
to call a nationwide strike on the rail-
road industry.
'Tre Believer
SEN J. WILLIAM FULBRIGHT'S recent
speech on foreign policy has yielded
all manner of diatribes from his more
reticent colleagues. Perhaps the hottest
retort came from conservative Congress-
.lan Armistead Selden of Alabama:
"Now a fresh effort is underway to be-
little the Castro menace .. . If we come to
accept the reality of Soviet influence in
Cuba, we inevitably will end by accepting
it throughout the Americas."
The congressman has a telling point
there. I mean, if we begin to accept real-
ity, there's no telling where it could lead
us. -R. HIPPLER
""U r q r * r *ai

NOW WHY IS IT THAT, 16 months later,
the railroad unions can vigorously ex-
ercisetheir newfound right to strike (the
Illinois Central has been struck already),
but the companies have not been allow-
ed to fire the firemen?
I'll tell you why: It's because the Dem-
ocrats are more concerned with votes
than they are with justice.
The railroad unions are threatening
to cripple the entire nation with a strike
designed only to defy the Supreme Court
ruling on featherbedding, and the Presi-
dent of the United States sits on his
hands. What does he do? He gets a 20-
day delay; and after 20 days the whole
stupid crisis will start again, just like it
has been seesawing back and forth for
the past 16 months.
THE COURSE OF ACTION is clear: the
President must uphold his sworn duty
to enforce the law of the land. And just
as the federal marshals had to be sent
into Mississippi and the troops into Little
Rock, Lyndon B. Johnson must now prove
to the nation that he is more than a
two-bit political hack (if in fact he is).
He must take the course that Kennedy
took with Ole Miss, that Ike took with
Little Rock and that. Truman took with
steel.
He must seize all the railroads in this
nation, clamp them under firm govern-
ment control and fire every fireman in
sight. Further, he should introduce legis-
lation to Congress making it illegal to
employ firemen on diesel-powered trains
and making any conspiracy to cause
such employment an act of civil disobed-
ience. Only then, should the railroads be
returned to private control.
J's HIGH TIME the Democrats quit
browbeating their political enemies and
then turning around and whitewashing
their political friends. A bad seed is bad no
matter whose garden it's planted in, and



DR. STRANGELOVE:
A Brilliant Picture, Not To Be Missed

At the Michigan Theatre
IF THERE is but one film that
you must see this year, that
film is "Dr. Strangelove."
The time is the near future. An
American Air Force general, con-
vinced of a Communistic plot to
weaken America through the use
of fluorides in the water system,
decides to act on his own and
orders a group of Strategic Air
Command bombers to attack Rus-
sia. Then he seals off his base.
Meanwhile at the Pentagon, the
President and the chiefs of staff
meet with the Russian ambassador
in a frenzied attempt to foil the
plan. The President calls the Rus-
sian premier and warns him. The
generals attempt to discover the
code thatmwillcountermand the

the genius of the movie is that
lurking behind every exaggeration
there is that real human tendency;
for every outlandish fictional gen-
eral there is a real Gen. Walker.
Unbelievable? Look at the head-
lines of the New York Times again.
* * *
KUBRICK'S DIRECTION is
tight and controlled, deftly toeing
the line between the real and this
absurd. Scenes move with a clarity
and ease that heighten the ten-
sion and strengthen the laughs.
Terry Southern's script is a de-
light, exercising both wit and in-
telligence, and yet never sacrific-
ing coherence and clarity for ef-
fect. Between the two, the film
becomes a living entity, unique and
brillant n
Dr. Str.rnrrplve is further en-

CAPTAIN MANDRAKE

BUCK TURGIDSON

splitting humor all the while that
it quietly chronicles the end of
the world.
Rt+,, v,1,'u bihi cdt (TAita. SI tst-

Sterling Hayden is exceptionally
frightening as Gen. Jack D. Ripper
the far-right base commander.
George C. Scott bustles in frenzied