LANGUAGE
AND THE LEGISLATURE
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Seventy-Three Years of Editorial Freedom
VOL. LXXIV, No. 106 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1964 SEVEN CENTS
0

EIGHT PAGES

Governmental Figures
Reveal $3 Billion Loss
On Payments Balance

Districting Concern
Slows Amendments
LANSING UP)-A package of proposed amendments to the State
Constitution appeared in trouble yesterday as a result of uncertainty
over the constitutionality of a plan for freezing legislative districts.
In preliminary "informational" caucuses Tuesday, neither party
took a position on the amendments as proposed by a bi-partisan
House group. But Democrats appeared likely to balk on accepting
them unless convinced, in further4>
talks today, that there is no cloud
of constitutionality over the plan
to freeze districts.

CIVIL RIGHTS.
Charges Lawyers
Shirk Responsibility
By ROBERT HIPPLER
"The white lawyers in Mississippi are not living up to their
responsibilities to defend those who can pay for their services, regard-
less of race or creed," Joseph E. McMahon, '62, said last night.
McMahon, who spoke before the Social Action Committee of
the Newman Club, has worked during the past two summers for the

JOSEPH E. McMAHON

GRAHAM:
Crucifixion
'Significant'
By LEONARD PRATT
Christ's death on the cross is
significant as the deed of a mar-j
tyr offering himself in atonement
for the sinse of the world, Rev.
Billy Graham emphasized yester-
day in his second of three lectures
delivered at the University.
It is because of .Christ's death
and atonement that God is able
to forgive mankind for its mis-
* deeds, he explained to a capacity
audience at Hill Aud.
* But, the noted evangelist warn-
ed, Christ's act of martyrdom-
indeed, the cross itself--cannot be
e~ xplained rationally or its signifi-
cance becomes sheer folly.
No Rationality
Graham claimed a rational ap-
proach to the mystery of -the
cross is its own defeat. "The es-
sence of. Christianity is faith," he
Csaid, "nd without this faith, the
death of Christ on the cross is
meaningless."
Only when we abandon logic and
reason as a means of understand-
ing can we- comprehend the mys-
tery of Christ's death on the cross.
If the mystery of the cross is not
approached in this manner, he
said it will appear to be "the great-
est idiocy."
Despite its shortcomings when
viewed in rational terms, Christ's:
death on the cross offers itself
as a basis for Christian truth,
Graham continued. It is this lat-
ter quality which allows mankind
to proclaim the significance of the
cross to the world today.
Humility Vital
To avoid viewing the cross as a
folly, it becomes necessary to hum-
ble oneself before it, he said. "We
must come to the cross in faith.
And only when we come to the
cross with the faith of a child can
we truly be forgiven of our sins
and be called a child of God."
Only through a total commit-
sent of ourselves to Christ and
he cross, can we fully grasp the'
significance of the cross in to-
day's world. Graham concluded.
Bill Proposes
Doctor Choice
LANSING 0P)-A bill that would
enable a patient in any public hos-
spital to be attended by the physi-

" United States Department of
Justice in securing voting rights
for the Negroes of Mississippi.
A law student, McMahon also
laid a good deal of the blame for
the many jailings of Negroes in
the South on the Southern district
judges, many of whom he said do
all they can to make decisions
against Negroes in civil rights
cases.
SNCC Commended
McMahon expressed great con-
fidence in the work of the Stu-
dents' Nonviolent Coordinating
Committees in Mississippi. He
noted that "their voting registra-
tion efforts are typical of the ac-
tion that is needed in dealing
with the rights problem."
Such action, he continued, is
needed in the Senate, where the
Civil Rights Bill. already passed
by the House. faces "perhaps two
months of speeches and filibusters
before it can be passed. I urge that
you write your senators imploring
all-out action on the bill."
McMahon claimed that the so-
lution of the problem of the
Southern lawyers and judges lies;
with those people themselves, be-
cause lawyers and others coming
from out of state have little power
under Southern laws.
Getting Message Across ;
"Our basic problem in the
South is getting the message
across to the people living there-
the whites," he said. "We have to
make them realize that our objec-
tives are the only long-range so-
lutions, that we are not against
them. We must overcome South-1
ern bitterness against the civilR
rights movement."
Northern attitudes, too, could be
improved, he continued. "Onef
basic means for this is for thei
newspapers to report less of the
civil rights demonstrations andi
more of the day to day difficultiesz
of the Negro living in the segre-
gated South."
A large responsibility for the
solution of the Southern situation
lies with the churches of the2
South, he added. "The more ortho-I
dox of the portestant churches
have been realistic in dealing withe
the situation, but some of thei
more congregational institutionsX
have not lived up to their re-
sponsibility.t

Deficit Eases
From Decline'
OfPast Years
Describe Improvement
As Result of Recovery
In Last Half of 1963
WASHINGTON (P)-The flow of
United States dollars abroad ex-
ceeded dollars coming back by
about $3 billion last year-an im-
provement over 1962-Commerce
Department figures showed yes-
terday.
The 1962 balance ,of payments
deficit was $3.6 billioh, about the
same as the 1961 total.
The 1963 figures released yes-
terday confirmed reports that the
nation's balance of payments def-
icit had improved dramatically in
the last six months of 1963 after
soaring to a record high in the
first half of the year.
Perennial Deficits
The United States has been
running deficits almost every year
since 1950 because government
and private outlays for invest-
ment, loans, grants and purchases
abroad exceed the amount for-
eigners spend on goods and in-
vestment in this country.
The loss of dollars was $3.02
billion on regular transactions,
whfih is the important measure-
ment.
Special government transac-
tions, such as prepayments on
loans abroad, reduced this loss to
about $2.5 billion. This figureI
compared to about $2.4 billion in1
1961 and $2.2 billion in 1962.
Early Climb
The balance on regular trans-
actions climbed to an annual rate
of $5.2 billion last April, May and
June, primarily because of heavy
private investment by United
States citizens in foreign busi-
nesses.
This dropped sharply to an an-
nual rate of about $1.6 billion in
the July-September period. It was
$1.5 billion in the final three1
months of 1963.
Most of the decline was attribut-
ed to governmental action includ-
ing the proposed intere t equali-
zation tax, which was designed tot
raise the cost of foreigners' bor-
rowing in this country.,
Easing Gold Decline
The United States supply oft
gold declined $460 million in 1962x
and now stands at about $15.5 bil-
lion. The loss was $890 million in
1962 and $857 mililon in 1961.
Since foreign central banks can
exchange dollars for gold at thet
rate of $35 per ounce, a large,
persistent deficit is considered as'
a possible, eventual depleting fac-
tor on the United States gold 1


Special Meeting
IHouse Minority Leader Joseph
Kelley's staff would meet with
Democrats today to discuss the
proposals.
Without a two-thirds majority
of both House and Senate, the
resolutions could not be placed on
the ballot in a special April 28
election as planned.
House leaders have indicated
the resolutions - calling for
changes in election provisions for
lawmakers, county and township
officers-need majority support in
both party caucuses.
Freeze Districts
The key proposal is one which
would freeze all existing districts
for election in 1964 if the legis-
lative reapportionment question,
now in the Michigan Supreme
Court, is not settled before the
June 16 primary filing date.
Kowalski said some Democrats
expressed concern that the court
might overturn such a p'an as un-
constitutional simply because it
ruled, one and a siaf years ago,.
that the existing districts are not
*valid.
The reference was to the Mich-
igan court's finding rhat the State
Senate apportionment violates the
"equal protection" oahwse of the
14th amendment to the United
States Constitution-a use now
pending in the United States Su-
preme Court.
The feeling of many Democrats,
Kowalski said, was that because
the state court already has ruled'
valid the principle of "one man,
one vote" apportionment, it would
not be proper to propose'anything
less.
Meanwhile, a legislative redis-
tricting plan sponsored by Sen.
Kent T. Lundgren (R-Menominee)
appeared dead in the Senate Busi-
ness Committee.
SGC Views
Rule Making
By MARY LOU BUTCHER
Student Government Council
last night discussed the "educa-
tional value" of student rule-'
making authority.
In a Committee of the Whole
discussion about the rationale for
asking SGC power to make all
non-academic student rules, How-
ard Schecter, '66, claimed that
the student "is a responsible mem-
ber of the educational community
and is capable of rational self-
government."
He added that the educational1
value of student rule-makng is
the social maturation of the stu-
dent, who, "to competently assume
his role as an autonomous deci-;
sion maker and citizen, needs1
preparation in this area."
He further commented that SGC
is the proper body to define rules
because it is "representative of
the student. accessible to all in-
terested parties, and a focal point
Council President Russell Epker,
'64BAd, asserted thtat SGC's power
would not be substantialy chang-1
ed if the proposal were accepted,1
but the "effect" would be, since
such a change would focus on SGC
as. the channel of recommenda-l
tions to the administration.
Under the proposal, any rulei
approved by Council would be sub-]
ject to the veto of the vice-presi-
dent for student affairs.

I -

Educatior
By MARILYN KORAL
The education school's un-
dergraduate faculty has given
a go-ahead sign to three ad hoc
faculty groups to develop the
details of proposed curriculum
changes.
* The faculty groups will pre-
pare legislation which will like-
ly be voted on at the school's
May meeting, Prof. Lowell
Beach, chairman of the under-
graduate committee, said yes-
terday.
The three areas of proposed
change include :
Theory and Lab
-A plan for integrated
theory and laboratory experi-
ences prior to student teach-
ing. This is intended for stu-
dents with limited previous
contac t with children.
-Special requirements and
possible experiences for educa-
tio;,i school students 'intending
to teach in large urban com-
munities.
--Exploration of the possibil-
ity of having special sections
f0!, brighter students in the
'wci foundations courses.
Not in Methods Teaching
Prof. Beach said that formal
enrichment was not possible
in the methods courses and di-
rf cted teaching, the other two
iiajor requirements for teach-
er's certificate candidates.
The three programs were
presented in a package to the
faculty at their meeting this
week in order to get initial re-
sponses before the committees
go ahead to plan in detail.
Explaining that the faculty
has been mulling over a pos-
sible honors program for sev-
eral years, Prof. Beach said
that a basic issue that had to F
be decided was whether honors
work is possible im student
teaching or laboratory work
with children.
Most of the undergraduate
faculty believe it is not pos-
sible, Prof. Beach noted. He

said he didn't feel formal in-
dependent work by students
would enrich their classroom
teaching experience. The only
possible method for laboratory
enrichment is to arrange spe-
cial classes of exceptionally
bright youngsters for students
to practice teach, Prof. Beach
claimed. This would not be
feasible, he added.
Added Opportunities
Added opportunities for
above-average students in the
education school might come
about through waiving the re-
quirement of educational psy-
chology if students pass an
equivalent test. Also those with
a stipulated number of hours
ir psychology might be re-
quired to take a more advanced
course than the elementary
educational psychoolgy, Prof.
Beach suggested.
He said, however, that he
wasn't sure if any of these ideas
would be recommended by the
ad-hoc faculty group studying
the problem of handling bright-
er students, or if the faculty
would agree to them if they

KENT T. LUNDGREN
COLORADO:
o5yeotters
Scorn Hike
Students at Colorado University
staged a boycott of their classes
last Wednesday in protest over a
threatened tuition rise, the Colo-
rado Daily reported.
An estimated 2000 students
packed themselves into a ballroom
to hear speakers attack the fiscal
policy of Colorado Gov. John Love.
The tuition rise is in protest
following Love's failure to ask the
Colorado legislature to supply the
funds which the board of regents
estimated would be needed to run
the college for the fiscal year
1964-65.
Funds Cut
Lacking money following the 15z
per cent tax cut, Love assed for
only $9.9 million instead of the
requested $13.5 million. This figure
is $.6 million less than even the
appropriation for the current aca-
demic year.
Because of the probable cut !n
appropriations, the school's loard
of regents may be forced to in-
crease tuition even though this is
not the wish of many legislators.
Student body president Carlton
Stoiber termed the student rally
portion of the protest demonstra-
tion a "considerable success," but
rated as only a "fair success" the
boycott of classes.
Against Proposals
Democratic State Sen. Roy
Romer lashed out during the dem-
onstration against the governor's
proposals. "The students on this
campus are being asked not only
to pick up the tab for an in-
creased cost of education, but also
to replenish the funds that were
depleted by the recent 15 per cent
state tax cut-a move which now
has proved to be unwise."
Harvey Seeks
Care in London
Prof. William B. Harvey of the
Law School, recently expelled from
his African post as dean of the
Ghana University law faculty, has
departed from Africa bound for
London.
He is seeking medical treatment
in England. Ill with hepatitis, he
had been permitted to stay in
Ghana past his Saturday expul--
sion date.

iStudy Approved ':,:

LOWELL BEACH

were suggested by the commit
tee
Urban Teachers
Explaining the rationale for
special consideration to stu-
dents planning to teach in ur-
ban centers, Prof. Beach said
that there was feeling among
some faculty members that
perhaps academic courses,
methods or teaching experi-
ences should be different than
prospective suburban teachers.
Approximately 10 per cent of
University * education school
graduates teach in cities with
populations of one-half million
or over. But about 30 per cent
teach in cities of 100,000 or
above.
Perhaps students going on to
large cities to teach should be
required to take courses in ur-
han sociology. Possible particu-
lar defiiciencies in inner-city
curriculums could be remedied
through preparingrurban
f-achers with different aca-
demic training from those who
will teach in suburban com-
munities.
Only Possibilities
Prof. Beach stressed that
these were only possibilities
and he was not sure of their
validity now, or whether the
faculty of the education school
would vote to support them if
the, ad hoc committee decides
they should be instituted.
Other possibilities for spe-
cially considering the urban-
bound education student are
formalized directed teaching in
an urban setting and field trips
into the city, Prof. Beach noted.
He said that the undergradu-
ate committee was concerned
with the future junior-high
school teacher because of the
special problems of teaching
early adolescents. He is consid-
ering appointment of a com
mittee to study the situation
and recommend some sugges-
tions to be presented with the
other oronosals "hopefully" at
the school's May meeting.

SEEK OFF-CAMPUS SPOTS:
Student Teachers Lack Local Openings

By JUDITH BARCUS
Secondary schools in the Ann
Arbor area have been unable to
accommodate all student teachers
who wish to stay on campus dur-
ing their training this spring.
College Aid
Gains Help
Collegiate Press Service
WASHINGTON-Powerful ad-
ministration and congressional
support is building for a sweep-
ing national aid program to help
capable but dollar-short students
through college.
The plan is a result of congres-
sional compromises last year,
Treasury Department opposition
to another program and a skir-
mish in President Lyndon B.
Johnson's War on Poverty.
Current chief sponsor of the
program is Sen. Vance Hartke,
(D-Ind), who introduced the plan
in the Senate last week. The Sen-
ate Education Subcommittee is
scheduled to start hearings on it
Feb. 11.
Basically the program would do
three things:
-Furnish federal undergradu-
ate scholarships of up to $1,000
for competent and needy students.
--Create federal campus jobs
where students could earn to pay
for what they learn.

As a result, 24 secondary edu-
cation majors are student teach-
ing off-campus this spring. The
majority have located in the De-
troit area, according to Prof. Lo-
well Beach, chairman of the un-
dergraduate committee of the edu-
cation school.
Schools in Ann Arbor, Willow
Run, Belleville and Ypsilanti are
providing positions for about 254
student teachers.
Permanent Problem
"The problem of finding local
positions will be with us for a
while," Beach said. The secondary
schools' quota for student teachers
is filled for the next the ee semes-
ters for student Leachers of Eng-
lish, social studies, math and the
foreign languages.
Students who apply before their
junior year for student teaching
assignments have the best chance
of getting local positions if they
desire them. Students who apply
after the start of their junior year
are more likely to be forced to
train off-campus, Beach said.
Early Interests
Only seniors are eligible for
student teaching assignments.
Urging juniors to enter their
preferences is based on the pre-
mise that students who are truly
interested in teaching recognize
this interest early, Prof. Beach ex-
plained. He stressed that the edu-
cation school is not convinced that
this is the best or should be the
only method of deciding priority
for local placement.
Due to changes in strident plans,
the number of student teachers in

off-campus positions is approxi-
mately 75-a full 20 per cent less
than the number anticipated last
fall, Prof. Beach reported. At that
time, 96 students were told to plan
for an off-campus assignment.
"However, we cannot count on
this drop-out percentage to remain
constant over the'next few semes-
ters," he commented. Therefore
it would not be wise to assign more
students to local positions than
the quota calls for and have to
disappoint them at the last min-
ute, he said.
Prof. Beach plans to continue
meeting with literary college ad-
visers to give them a realistic
briefing of the student teaching
placement problems.
Seek To Let
Minors Vote'"
A proposal for a state constitu-
tional amendment to lower the
voting age to 18 was introduced in
the Senate Wednesday.
The resolution, sponsored by
Sen. John T. Bowman (D-Rose-
ville) and Sen. William D. Ford
(D-Taylor), must receive a two-
thirds vote in both houses to be
placed on the ballot. According
to Bowman, prospects for success
are "very good."
He claimed that the proposal
was supported by "several legis-
lators." The vote for 18 year olds
has also been supported by Gov.

Presidential Nominees
Unleash Verbal Blasts
By The Associated Press ,
Avowed and potential Republican presidential candidates took
strong verbal potshots yesterday-but some of their targets began
firing back.
In Dover, N.H., Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller of New York opened
an intensive three-day campaign tour promising to continue criticiz-
ing the nation's foreign policy and accusing Sen. Barry Goldwater
(R-Ariz) of downgrading the


state's first-in-the-nation presi-
dential primary.
But President Lyndon B. John-
son counterattacked from Wash-
ington as top White House aides
reiterated Johnson's objection that
Rockefeller is opening-- for the
world to hear" - for',ign pohcy
questions which "should n-t go be-
yond the nation's borders."
Goldwater Claims Mi 3quoted
Goldwater said hr, nad been mis-
quoted.
Meanwhile in .darLisO*Lr4 Penn-
sylvania's Gov. Waniam W. Scran-
ton risked his biossoming prei-
dential stature ;3nd t' prestige
of his office in a snarp attack on
the state's uneanoloyment coi-
pensation laws.
He demanded a $35 million a
tyear increase in payroll taxes
and an equal reduction in benefits

NATIONAL NEGRO HISTORY WEE
Panel Describes I

George Romney.
The Detroit Free Press reported
yesterday that310,000 persons in
the 18-21 age bracket would be
s affected by the amendment.
egr i*sco~erricBowman said that since 195
egro 'Rediscovery of Africa similar proposals have been pre-
sented each year but have never
By ANN GWIRTZMAN-gotten past the committee stage.
come many values," he said, instability there with "utmost In four states-Georgia, Ken-
The American Negro's rediscov- among them the American Negro gloom," perhaps pandering to the tucky, Alaska and Hawaii - laws
ery of Africa in recent years is coming to see himself as part of interests of people in the United permitting persons under 21 years
having a profound impact on a different heritage, without the States who do not want proof that of age to vote have already been
American foreign and domestic denial of his historicity. the Negro can govern himself suc- passed. The legal age in Kentucky
affairs. a panel discussion emnha- "The dilemma facing American cessfully. he claimed. is 18 and in Georgia, 19. Alaska
sized last night at the third in a Negroes is that they are neither: This bias is also linked to the and Hawaii hold 20 as the legal
series of lectures and dizcussions Africans nor Americans," Prof. tracitional American dislike of voting age.
commemorating National Negro)' McQueen claimed. As the Africans f 'socialism," logically necessary in Bowman commented that to-
History Week. !? t their culture torn away by l countries where there are few day's youth are "a sound and solid
Broadits Butler, assistant dl"n slavery, they never fully became wealthy investors, he said. More- group, better educated and more
of liberal rts at Wayne State members of the American com- over, "Americans seem to have a familiar with government than in
TTniversity: Prof. Albert MeOipon munity eai(r. -pathologica: desire to be liked," the past."
of the sorioloov d 'artmPnt. who This grew rediscovery of Africa ard cannot accept African oppo-
roently r ffnr' fr"m a trin t by the Ameria; Negrt means sition o American interference in F71 JT A -

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