FOUR THE MICHIGAN DAILY .THUSDA, JAUAR 16.196 FORTEMCIGNDIYT1TR -..ANTR i ~ V ixr,:xar L11 uc l V171 1 1V 1.70 ( It I eports Buyer Confidence 64 OUTLOOK: By MARILYN KORAL Consumer purchasing sentiment improved from last August to No- vember, the latest Survey Research Center consumer attitudes report indicated. The consumer survey was com- piled by Prof. George Katona and Prof. Eva Mueller, both program directors at the SRC. There was a particularly large' increase in the number of people who expect continuous good times to prevail in the near future. Only 20 per cent of the people polled saw the likelihood of a re- cession within the next two years. Apparently, the assassination of President John F. Kennedy failed to "shake people's confidence in the favorable trend of economic development," the quarterly re- port stated. Effects of Assassination In answer to most questions the pre- and post-assassination data were identical. Only in reply to a question about expected economic conditions during the next year was uncertainty expressed by a greater proportion of respondents after than before the assassina- tion. "Unemployment continues to represent the major economic problem seen by consumers," the survey reported. Expectations of reduced unemployment rates have not been generated this year, and Gies Notes Rising Economic Conditions opinion concerning unemployment remains pessimistic. Yet few people see any pros- pects of a recession in the near future. No more than 20 per cent of all people questioned expressed the belief that a recession would occur in the next two years. However, at the close of 1963 there was more optimism concern- ing economic 'outlook for the next five years than it was in May. Of those responding, 35 per cent ex- pected "good times" in the next five years and 18 per cent "bad times." This is in comparison to May figures of 28 and 26 per cent respectively. No Opinion At both times nearly one-half of all people had no definite ex- pectations. The intention to buy cars, as an index to economic confidence, showed a favorable gain. However, the increase in pros- pective car purchases did not ex- tend to buying plans for houses and major appliances. "Intentions to purchase one-family houses for owner occupancy were relatively low in November" the report stat- ed. Favor Tax Cut The survey showed 66 per cent of the respondents in favor of a tax cut. The effect of a tax cut on business conditions will be favor- able, 45 per cent answered. And those favoring a tax cut to ener- gize business rose to 57 per cent among people with more than $10,000 yearly income. Another opinion was that the tax cut would have no effect on business conditions, and there al- so were manw noncommittal an- swers; relatively few people fore- see unfavorable effects. In November, 31 per cent of respondents expressed the belief that Congress would enact a law reducing taxes, while 38 per cent said that it probably would not do so. The answers did not differ greatly between income groups and were the same before and imme- diately after the assassination. Opinions concerning the effects of the international situation on domestic business conditions "im- PROF. GEORGE KATONA proved substantially in the recent past" and "remained favorable," according to the survey. Some what fewer respondents believe now than earlier this year that prices of things they buy will advance during the next year or during the next five years. At the same time, the proportion of these who say that what prices will do is "to the good" increased somewhat, the report indicated. Data 'Reassuring' The report stated that the data received was "reassuring oompared with 1962 as well as the spring of 1963, when many consumers ex- pressed uneasiness because they could not see any forces that would sustain continuous good times." It had been observed in the past that after a span of economic prosperity consumers become skep- tical and postpone expenditures because they believe good and bad times tend to alternate. "Rising incomes and awareness of the strength the American economy has exhibited this year appear to have suppressed such doubts. The anticipation of the tax cut may have contributed to the strengthening of confidence in some instances," the report con- cluded. GRAND RAPIDS-"This is the first time in more than a decade cently reveE that the United States has been outlays on l able to sustain a peace-time ex- in 1964 ind pansion over a three-year period," higher spen Prof. Thomas Gies of the business Outlays I administration school said re- ment in th cently. the first d Continued expansion, lack of in- more than flation and lasting unemployment - S characterize the present economic State and situation. lays on the Despite the duration of the ex- a small dec pansion, "we have not experienced have been the general upward pressure on second half prices which has characterized jected spen other postwar booms," he added. judged to t Unemployment Problem added. "We have found unemploy- ment of a substantial order con- tinuing in certain important areas Highi of the economy, with over-all un- employment hanging stubbornly America above five per cent," Prof. Gies and secon said. ing atteni The state, in this area, has million st fared better than the nation as United St a whole, he pointed out. Income tion repor in the state has increased about This re 25 per cent during the past three of 1.5 mi years, compared with about 12 per 1962 total cent for the United States, and It wasa unemployment has dropped from numbers o 7 per cent in 1960 to 3.9 per cent ers in hi currently. creasinga "For those who are interested in than tho numbers," Gies said, "it appears grades. that Gross National Product in 1964 will total $612 billion, even in the absence of tax legislation." This o This increase, four to five per for this t cent gain from 1963, would not be would bring sufficient to make important in- total federa roads on present levels of unem-- ongoods a ployment, Gies pointed out. He "Detroit's said the presence of a substantial oeenonen amount of unemployed resources factors in has served to dampen any upward pressures on prices. Set Tone Prof. Gies discussed factors which will set the tone of the Dies economy for the coming year. By contrast with the preceding two years, when business invest= Prof. Em ment was a minor feature in the of the ma pattern of increase, plant and died of a b equipment outlays have shown' Park, Fla., substantial gains in the period lion. since midyear, he explained. Re- He came aled plans for business long-lived capital goods icate that there is still ading in the works. by the federal govern- he latest quarter show decline in spending in a year, Prof. Gies said. tate Outlays local government out- other hand, following cline early in the year, very strong during the f of last year and pro- ding for 1964 must be be over $60 billion, he Attendance an public elementary ndary schools are be- Led by a record 40.2 udents this year, the ates Office of Educa- rted recently. presents an increase illion pupils over the also revealed that the of students and teach- gh schools were in- at a more rapid rate 'se in the primary ild be a record level ype of spending and g it close to the level of al government spending ,d services. insolent .chariots' have of the most important maintaining the head- 'rofessor in Florida eritus Louis P. Rouse athematics department heart attack in Winter during the interses- to the University in n instructor and was o assistant professor in served in the mathe- artment in that rank irement in 1947. j way of the current expansion and, incidentally, have shaken the myth that the public would not support two, successive seven mil- lion car years," Prof. Gies com- mented. In discussing the possibility -of the automobile industry having a third successive strong year, Prof. Gies said that "on the optimistic side, it should be pointed out that auto sales in 1962 and 1963 repre- sented a return to the proportion of the GNP recorded fpr a num- ber of early post war year. This interpretation suggests that the failure of auto sales to ex- pand with the economy after 1955 was a temporary departure from the norm and that present levels are not out of line. Optimists who foresee the economy moving toward eight- million - car annual production may be supported by recent con- sumer surveys which show more than eight per cent of consumers planning new car purchases with- in a year, and by underlying trends toward increased use of private instead of public trans- portation, he stated. Boersma Travel Service NICKELS ARCADE MAKE SPRING VACATION RESERVATI OHS NOWA! Foreign Travel: NO 3-8597 Domestic Travel: NO 3-9301 F r s OPEN DAILY 9 TO 5:30 MONDAY UNTIL 8:30 115th ANNUAL MID=-WINTER CLEARANCE Suits, coats, sport coats, car coats, winter jackets. Now including SHOES at worth-while savings ,; r i PROF. EVA MUELLER HIT MASTER'S PROGRAM: 1913 as a promoted t 1920. He then; matics depa until his ret STATE STR EET AT LIBERTY Educators Analyze Graduate Education V WASHINGTON - The ills of graduate schools were diagnosed and discussed at a recent meet- ing of the Council of Graduate Schools in the United States. Educators pointed to the de- cline of significance of the mas- ter's degree, the "isolation" and specialization of graduate work and the lack of opportunity for deserving Negroes to attain grad- uate degreesgas important prob- lems facing graduate schools, the Washington Post reported. In many schools the master's degree has become a mere conso- lation prize for unsuccessful PhD candidates or a means for teach- ers to earn more money or even an automatic award- for spending a fifth year in college, according to participants in a panel dis- cussion. Down-Grade Degree Although "distinguished schools"' have down-graded the master's degree, the number of college fac- ulty holding such a degree is in- creasing, Dean Robert P. Browder 'of the University of Colorado commented. "Whether we like it or not," he said, "the master's degree holder is meeting much of the mush- rooming demand for college teach- ers. This fact, in conjunction with the present status of the degree, offers some frightening prospects for the future of higher educa- tion," he declared. The number of PhD holders in college teaching has slacked off. He said that about 40 per cent of the college teachers held doctoral degrees in 1953-54, but that only 26 per cent held them in 1960-61. Inadequate Institutions Browder also warned that in- stitutions, often with out requsite resources, are creating graduate programs to meet the demand of teachers, seeking their master's.' Educators maintained that hap- hazard graduate education was in- effectual. They said that graduate programs cannot exist as mere collections of additional courses. Also, educators warned about part-time graduate students who might not be able to devote suf- ficient attention to intellectual pursuits. Narrowness The narrow, insular approach of many graduate programs came under attack at the conference. Graduate education must "trans- cend the isolation in learning" that stems from a multiplicity of departments and schools dwelling together in "unpeaceful coexist- ence," President Louis W. Norris of Albion College said. He criticized the competition be- tween graduate departments for finances and prestige. Norris and President Victor L. Butterfield of Wesleyan Univer- sity contended that graduate edu- cation should concern itself with' broad moral and social values above narrow specialization. Butterfield said that a phony "scientificism" threatens to "turn scholarly interest away from im- portant areas of human and social concern that call for all the ra- tional understanding we can give them." Another college president, How- ard F. Lowry of the College of Wooster condemned many gradu- ate schools for not telling the truth when they say they want liberally educated students instead of specialists. "They expect the students they accept to already know everything about the subjects they have come to learn," he said. Negro Education T h e Council of Graduate Schools also committed itself to improve graduate education for Negroes. A resolution adopted by the group asked member schools to: 1) Compensate for "the inade- quate and inferior preparation" of Negro students by scheduling spe- cial summer institutes for them. 2) Make special efforts to re- cruit and give financial aid to deserving Negro students. 3) Open lines of communication between white institutions and Negro schools so that more Negroes can qualify for graduate study. The council will establish a com- mittee to seek financial backing for the objectives. Dean Leonard Beach of Vander- bilt University pointed out that only 1200 Negroes in the United States have ever received doctoral degrees. "At present there are only 500 Negroes enrolled in doctoral programs," he added. 11 NON-CURRICULAR COURSES IN RELIGION Offered at The University of Michigan 'i 11 your first I 11 JANUARY- CLEARANCE Seeing is Believing! LARGE DISCOUNTS important date this year SAT. 8 P.M. AA Hi School Auditorium THE ANN ARBOR dance theatre CONCERT a program of 10 dance works in modern and ballet featuring ELIZABETH WEIL UM Dance Instructor WILLIAM HUG Dance Director of Interlochen JAMES PAYTON formerly with Jose Limon LOUIS MeKUSH Ann Arbor Dance Teacher and 25 Ann Arbor dancers ALL SEATS RESERVED $1.50 and $2.00 children under,5-75c STUDENT Tickets $1 in block Second Sea NEWMAN CLUB CLASS PROGRAM Gabriel Richard Center, 331 Thompson St., 663-0557. "The Fundamentals of the Catholic Faith" Monday and Thursday, 10:00 a.m., 2,4, and 8:00 p.m., beginning Jan. 20. Msgr. John F. Bradley. "The Foundations of Christianity" Tuesdays, 2,4, and 8:00 p.m., beginning Jan. 21. The Rev. Alex J. Brunett. "Modern Theology and Christian Unity" Thursdays, 8:00 p.m., beginning Jan. 23. The Rev. James Torrens, S.J. "The Writings and Theology of St. Paul" Wednesdays, 4:00 p.m., beginning Jan. 22. Prof. G. B. Harrison. "Christian Marriage" Sundays and Wednesdays, 8:00 p.m., beginning Feb. 16. Msgr. John F. Bradley. "Studies in Christian Worship" Tuesdays, 8:00 p.m., beginning Jan. 21. Mr. Robert Reiter. "Studes in St: Augustine" Tuesdays and Thursdays, 7:30 p.m., beginning Jan. 21. Mr. Leo Desjarlais. "Introduction to Scholastic Philosophy" Mondays, 4:00 p.m., beginning Jan. 20. Mr. James Nee. "Comparison of Thomistic Philosophy and Contemporary Thought" Mondays, 8:00 p.m., beginning Jan. 20. Mr. Theodore Thompson. "Studies in Rational Psychology" Tuesdays, 8:00 p.m., beginning Jan. 21. Mr. Patrick Lucas. "History of the Early Christian Church" Tuesdays, 1 :00 and 7:00 p.m., beginning Jan. 21. Mr. Thomas Giles. "GUILD HOUSE," 802 Monroe St., 662-5189 "Seminar on the Old Testament" ester, Sundays, The Rev. UNIVERSIT YLUTHERAN CHAPEL, 1511 Washtenaw Ave., 663-5560 "A Survey of Christian Doctrine" Mondays, 8:00 p.m., beginning Jan. 20. The Rev. Alfred Scheips and Vicar John Koenig. B'NAI B'RITH HILLEL FOUNDATION, 1429 Hill St., 663-4129 "Bible, Hebrew, Talmud" "Hebrew for Beginners and Intermediates" "Seminar in Basic Judaism" "Lecture Series: 'The Jews and Jesus"' (Call Hillel Office for details) UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, OFFICE OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS, Ext. 2077 "Studies in New Testament Ethics" 12:00 p.m., Fridays, beginning Jan. 24. Michigan League, Conf. Room I. Luncheon 50c. Dr. N. Patrick Murray. "Contemporary Issues in Protestant Theology" (Repeat from First Semester) 4:10 p.m., Thursdays, beginning Jan. 23. Room 528D, Student Activities Bldg. Dr. N. Patrick Murray. "The New Testament: an Historical View" 12:00 p.m., Wednesdays, beginning Jan. 29. Michigan League, Conf. Room It. Luncheon 50c. Elizabeth H. Sumner. 7-8:00 p.m., beginning Jan. 19. J. Edgar Edwards. 1964 1963 TOP STARS IN COLLEGE & PRO SPORTS Who are the athletes who ac- complished the most in the world of sports during 1963? Meet Sport Magazine's "Top Performers of 1963" - with special coverage on their greatest moments! Plus - " SANDY KOUFAX- MAN OF THE YEAR * YOGI BERRA'S BURDEN Suits Sport Coats Outer Coats Winter Caps Lined Gloves Shoes Scarfs Sport, Shirts Ski' Jackets Color Shirts r+ I II