WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1964 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE THREE WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5,1964 TIlE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE THREE WASHINGTON BRIEFING HIGHLIGHTS CONFERENCE: College Editors Hear Key Policy Aides Nearly 400 college editors were briefed by top State Department officials in Washington Monday on American foreign policy devel- opments concerning Russia, Asia, Latin America, Africa and inter- national organizations. The briefing session climaxed a weekend conference held in New York on "A Responsible Press in a Changing World" sponsored by the Overseas Press Club, the United States Student Press Association, the United States National Stu- dent Association and the Reader's Digest Foundation. The conference heard leading foreign correspondents discuss their work and spent Saturday in workshop sessions on Africa, Asia, Latin America, Europe and the So- viet bloc. Panelists included news- men and experts from area uni- versities. In addition to Asst. Secretary of State for African Affairs G. Men- nen Williams, Deputy Asst. Sec- retary of State for Inter-American Affairs Ben S. Stephansky, Asst. Secretary of State for Internation- al Organization Affairs Harlan Cleveland, whose talks are report- ed below, Agency for International Development deputy administrator Frank Coffin, Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs W. Aver- ill Harriman and Asst. Secretary of State for Public Affairs Robert S. Manning spoke. Panama Problem By PHILIP SUTIN National Concerns Editor Special To The Daily WASHINGTON - The United States is willing to undertake "full, unlimited discussions," with Pan- ama, once Panamanian demands are phrased in "proper diplomatic language,' official United States sources said Monday. The sources said that the United States is willing to talk on any subject the Panamanians wish. They claimed that a Panaman- ian demand for a structural re- vision of the Canal Zone treaty, prejudges the discussion on the issue and therefore makes discus- sion impossible.. They illustrated this difficulty by pointing to Berlin, where the EUROPE FOR LESS All Student Trips EUROPE-Rambler, 10 countries, 37 days, from $1027-Ha'p'ny, 15 countries, 49 days, from $1215-Vagabond to Eastern Europe, 17 countries, including Russia, 56 days, from $1498. ROUND THE WORLD-8th Annual World Tour, 54 days, 16 countries, from $2595. Enjoy all-expense-paid travel with others your own age who share your interests. Special student sailings. Escorted. 15 years experience. Get full details from your local travel agent or write AMERICAN YOUTH ABROAD 70 University Sta., Minneapolis, Minn. United States has refused to nego- tiate with the Russians on a peace treaty with the two Germanies and a solution to the Berlin prob- lem, as the Russians have formal- ly suggested, because the agenda G. MENNEN WILLIAMS The United States is probing like infantry advancing on a broad front, reaching agreement in some areas and probing the hard pock- ets with diligence and care," they commented. Possiblie future agreements in- clude a consular treaty, civil air service between New York and Moscow and some increase in trade, they said. The "spirit of detente" has brought a number of secondary problems to the fore, they indicat- ed. Thus the North Atlantic Treaty Organization can enjoy the "lux- ury of disagreement" and other nations can press war-like stances without fear of involving them- selves and the nuclear powers in nuclear war. UN Affairs Special To The Daily WASHINGTON-The welding of United States policy to interna- tional organizations was describ- ed Monday by Asst. Secretary of State for International Organiza- tion Affairs Harlan Cleveland. Organizations like the United Nations can accomplish certain ends which the United States by itself cannot, he explained. Cleveland said the United Na- tions gives the United States op- tions it would not otherwise have. It can provide a forum to blow off steam in a dangerous interna- tional dispute, a roving am- bassador who can listen to various disputes, a United Nations pres- ence or police force that can keep the peace at low political and economic cost, he said. Peace Forces He saw great implications in peace forces for they are being trained to be soldiers without ene- mies. However, there are difficulties. "The United States are paying part of the piper without calling the whole tune. Then the So- viets are in the wings. One coun- try, one vote results in power dis- parities," he commented. He pointed to the use of re- gional and international organiza- tions during the Cuban missile crisis. The State Department plan- ned United States presentations is prejudiced. Instead, the two countries have limited their dis- cussions to informal talks. The way can be further opened once the Panamanians end vio- lence against the Zone and restore formal diplomatic relations, the sources continued. However, they noted that "the United States' responsibility for the canal is not going to change. Not even the Panamanian leader- ship is interested in taking over responsibility for the waterway." They pointed out that the canal serves as lifeline to Latin Ameri- ca and provides $85 million a year to the Panamanian ,gross national product. On other matters, they said that the United States and the Soviets have "not reached a detente. There are still large, dangerous problems to be met." They praised, however, such ad- vances as the "hot line" between Washington and Moscow, the nu- clear test ban treaty and co-oper- ation in outer space. "But this doesn't spell detente. with an eye to future precedents in both the Organiaztion of Amer- ican States and the United Na- tions. The OAS was used to get Latin American approval of the United States naval blockade and to as- sociate the hemisphere in this action. Sounding Board Meanwhile, the Security Coun- cil became a sounding board to present the evidence for United States action. The mediation serv- ice of the secretary-general was used to provide a face saver for Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrush- chev and a United Nations in- spectional service was blocked by Cuban Premier Fidel Castro, turn- ing world opinion from "David" Castro versus United States "Go- liath" to "outlaw" Castro in 10 days, Cleveland said. The assistant secretary warn- ed the American people to accept the frustrations of being a major power. "The more powerful, the more successful a nation is the more other people's troubles be- come our own. The United States is the world's greatest power and must use the most restraint. It is a trying test of maturity." Two Chinas? Cleveland did not see early Red Chinese entry into the United Na- tions. "The two-China question is really not up. Both governments oppose it. The United States can still oppose the entry of the Chi- nese." However, he indicated that the French, who tried to establish a two-China policy, may have to back down in the face of pressure from Peking. He cited the UN's peace keep- ing machinery as a deterrent pre- venting an Arab war over Is- rael's impending diversion of wa- ter from the Jordan River. The recent Arab summit meet- ing had more effects in smooth- ing inter-Arab relations-getting all the Arab countries to recog- nize one another-than in plan- ning military action against Is- rael, he added. Alliance Aspect By KENNETH WINTER Special To The Daily NEW YORK - Though it re- mains far from its goals, the Al- liance for Progress has so far been successful, speakers at this week- end's college editors' conference of the Overseas Press Club agreed. Votes of confidence in the 10- year, $20-billion Latin America de- velopment program came from a panel of journalists and a govern- ment official, and, in Washington, from Ben S. Stephansky, deputy assistant secretary of state for inter-American affairs. The Alliance has contributed a sense of unity and a common goal - peaceful development - to the Latin American nations, Arthur Bonner of CBS News asserted. "If it had done nothing else, this would be a great advance. Presi- dent Kennedy, as a politician, un- derstood this." He criticized Kennedy a n d others for promising a "revolu- tion" when launching the Alliance. "This was totally unrealistic and raised false standards. Journalists have had to write against a myth. We have had to say the Alliance is failing, but only because of the myth that was first put forward." But John M. Cates, Latin Ame- rican adviser to the United States' mission to the United Nations, argued that a "rather strong revo- lution" of Latin social and polit- ical institutions will be required, Speakers also noted several bar- riers to Alliance progress: -Communists, particularly Cu- bans, thwart it whenever possible. "It's very important to. do away with Red Cuba," Enrique Rojas- Velas of United Press Internation- al, said. -The lateness of such a pro- gram makes its orderly progress difficult. "Latin development has- n't kept pace with the rest of the world," Cellario noted. -High birth rates are gobbling up progress, but speakers disagreed on prospects for birth control. Ro- jas-Velas said there is "no possi- bility" because of the Catholic church's opposition. But Cates pointed out that Chilean law per- mits it and Cellario said the Latin American Church is "very liberal" on the question. African Angle Special To The Daily WASHINGTON-Assistant Sec- retary of State for African Af- fairs G. Mennen Williams urged Americans to compare Africa's current problems with those of the United States in its first years of independence. "Africa, on the whole, made a peaceful transition to independ- ence. It is a tribute to the Afri- can nationalists and to the colon- ial powers who led them to it." One party government does not mean totalitarianism, he said. The people put theirfaith in one party to carry them into independ- ence and this carries over into the first years of the new nation. The United States had only one party during Washington's administra- tion, he pointed out. But, Williams continued, there is a dialogue inside the parties, with factions acting like those in Amer- ican, one-party dominated states. "I hope this is just transitory." This hope for democracy in the long run is why the United States is continuing to aid Ghana, which is consolidating power to one par- ty, he noted. "It saill has pretty well-developed divisions within the party. There is hope for democra- cy in the long run." Williams called for added for- eign investment to help raise the low standard of living where aver- age income is little more than $100 a year. NATION'S LARGEST! THOMAS C. MANN WORLD NEWS ROUNDUP: Bombs Further Cloud Cyprus and said "there has been progress" in this direction. And "some classes are beginning to see the need to institute 'some reforms to achieve the Alliance's goals," Alberto Cellario, associate editor of Life en Espanol, observed. Achievements Stephansky listed some of the program's - accomplishments to date. He cited: -"A growing spirit of self-help in the Latin American nations." Because t h e s e countries are matching the $20 billion American contribution with $80 billion, they no longer simply wait for hand- outs. -Tax reform, which has gotten upper classes to begin paying their share. All Alliance nations have taken some steps. -"Major undertakings" in land reform, making land allocation more porductive and equitable, in 10 countries. -Basic long-range planning, a "fundamental" necessity and a prerequisite to United States aid. -Housing for 1.5 million Latin Americans. -"Potable water, sanitation and sewage systems" for 25 million. -Higher education expendi- tures. -Health centers to combat yel- low fever, malaria, yaws and other previously prevalent diseases. Mann Appointment Stephansky added that the ap- pointment of Thomas C. Mann as head of both the Alliance and gen- eral State Department Latin Ame- rica policy "should cut some of the inefficiencies" in the United States' end of the program. r ..! 4N 'tI ' a.r fJ b "" 1 . w . t i ft i By The Associated Press LONDON-President Archbishop Makarios of Cyprus last night made it plain to the British gov- ernment that he insists any Atlan- tic Alliance force sent to keep peace come under the authority ANYTIME I ANYTIME IS PICTURE TIME! BUY... NIKON & NIKKOREX FUJI MAMIYA BRON ICA of the United Nations Security Council. Then, while British and Ameri- can officials set out to salvage their joint plan from what they considered damaging restrictions, new violence broke out in Cy- prus as bombs exploded at the United States embassy. WASHINGTON -- The United States expressed shock last night at the "irresponsible" bombing at- tack on the United States embassy in Nicosia and called for punish- ment of the offenders. The evac- uation of United States depend- ents from Cyprus was "authoriz- ed." JACKSON, Miss. -- The state rested its case yesterday, on the eighth day of the trial of Byron De La Beckwith, charged in the rifle slaying of Negro leader Med- gar Evers. WASHINGTON-President Lyn- don B. Johnson's "war on pover- ty" got a stinging slap rfom the House Agriculture Committee yes- terday when it voted to pigeonhole an expanded food stamp plan for needy families. * * * MOGADISHU, Somalia - Pre- mier Chou En-Lai of Red China yesterday dismissed France's plan to maintain relations with Na- tionalist China as "a procedural question or a question of courtesy." At the same time, it was dis- closed that Chou would make an- other, four-nation tour of Africa some time in the near future. * * * NEW YORK - Stocks dipped slightly on the New York stock exchange yesterday with the Dow- Jones 30 industrials down 1.42, 20 rails down .99, 15 utilities down .08 and 65 stocks down .66. 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