0,

VW ON
THE RUG?
See editorial page

Yi e

tC tgaYt

tii

DRIZZLY
High-65
Lo*-45
More you-know-what,
warmer tomorrow

,fn'

:;

Vol. LXXVIII, No. 20-S Ann Arbor, Michigan, Tuesday, May 28, 1968 Ten Cents

Six Pages

L00ting, fires
rock Louisville
4 Violence erupts following
protest against police action
LOUISVILLE, Ky. (A - Violence and looting broke out
in the state's largest city last night and Gov. Louie B. Nunn
ordered in National Guardsmen to cope with the situation.
Mayor Kenneth Schmied also clamped a curfew on the
city as the disturbances erupted in a predominantly Negro
area and then spread into the downtown business district.
Schmied did not indicate when the curfew would be lifted.
General Hospital said it had treated seven persons, in-
cluding two firemen and a police captain, who was one
i of the first to answer the trouble call.
The outburst followed a street corner rally to protest the
reinstatement of a patrolman who had been dismissed from
-- the force for allegedly using
W o r eexcessive force in arresting a.
Or C'lr ,egro. ,

Supreme

Court

upholds

draft

card

burning

law

Spock:e Turning tables

{.7-I, ruling
rejects free
speech plea

I

U ~

reject pact
in France
PARIS 'P -Factory workers by
the thousands shouted down a
compromise settlement of their
11-day general strike yesterday
and, with France still wallowing
in crisis, protesters massed for
new demonstrations.
The government said it would
crush any unauthorized marches.
Its warning came after a stock
of "murderous weapons" was re-
ported confiscated by police at
Lyon. The Interior Ministry said
extremists were preparing to use
the fire bombs, pistols, knives and
4 homemade mines "to make im-
possible any return to civil peace."
A march through Paris by the
National Union of French Stu-
dents had government approval,
but other groups such as the
"March 22 Organization" of ex-
iled Daniel Cohn-Bendit, and the
9 Trotskyist Revolutionary Com-
munist Youth Federation said
they would defy the regime with
a series of demonstrations.
The Socialist-backed Workers
Force and the moderate Demo-
cratic Confederation of French
Workers ordered their members
J to take part in the authorized
student march. The nation's
largest union, the Communist-led
General Confederation of Labor,
told its followers to boycott the
demonstration.,
This came after workers an-
swered Premier Georges Pompi-
dou's proposed wage settlement
plan with catcalls and shouts of
"non." There was more money
and a shorter work week, but the
most difficult point for the work-1
ers to swallow was the failure of
the union negotiators to obtain1
immediate cancellation of a social
security decree-law last fall which
See WORKERS, Page 2

He was ordered reinstated, aft-
er a 15-day suspension, despite
protests from the National Asso-
clation for the Advanceinent of~
Colored People and other civil
rights groups. BlacksIb
When 20 police converged on
the scene, at 28th and Greenwood,
they were greeted with a barrage
of bottles, rocks and sticks.
One cruiser and two taxicabsA
were overturned and set afire.
There were sporadic shots from

-Daily-Richard Lee
lock auditorium

blacks

snipers but police denied that they
returned the fire. Some eyewit-
nesses said they did.I
After trouble died down in the
west end, small bands of teen-
agers moved into the downtown
business district and ,began smash-
ing windows. Gangs of 20 to 25
youths broke into some stores and
restaurants.
The' downtown section is about
20 blocks from the scene of the:
original violence.
Police quickly cordoned off the:
business district, banning all traf-
fic and pedestrians.
Several hours later, militaiy
jeeps began patroling the down-
town section.
Adj. Gen. Allan Carrell said he
had called up 375 National
Guardsmen, all based in Louis-
ville, and said they were "authcir-
ized to be employed at any time
that the troop commander and
Louisville police deem it neces-
sary."
He also verified reports that
snipers were adding to the prob-,
lem.
Some contended the disturb-
ances started when a report cir-
culated that Stokely Carmichael
had planned to speak here but
had been denied permission to
leave his plane.
Samuel Hawkins, president of
the black Unity League, urged the
west end crowd of 300 to 400 to
disperse. Police arrived and began
clearing out the intersection.
"That lit the spark," said Bud
Dorsey, a Negro machinist arid
free-lance photographer.

litgrievances,
By STEVE NISSEN
Black students of Ann Arbor High Schbol listed 21I
demands yesterday at a stormy three hour session with fac-
ulty, administration and the superintendent of schools.
During the meeting; which began at 8 a.m., Negro pupils
levelled charges of bigotry and racial discrimination at a
number of the school's staff.
In the afternoon, white students joined the group and
continued to bring grievances before the faculty and ad-

By JOSEPH SAX
Special To The Daily
BOSTON - Another fascinating dimension
of this extraordinary trial was revealed yes-
terday. A few days ago I reported that the
prosecution seemed to be trying the whole anti-
war movement; yesterday it became clear that
the defense is seeking to turn that tactic to its
own legal advantage.
The defense is now trying to demonstrate
that the scope of the alleged conspiracy is so
enormously broad, encompassing so many di-
verse persons, organizations and approaches
that it is little less than a description of that
large body of opinion in the United States which
opposes the war and seeks its rapid termination.
Thus, the defense would probably say the
government is seeking to prosecute not a con-
spiracy, but a substantial segment of the Amer-
ican political scene.
The government is inflating the balloon of
conspiracy. to its maximum capacity; the de-
fense is taking a\ few extra puffs, with the
hope that the balloon will burst and its contents
commingle with the general air mass.
The fact that the prosecution and defense
are using the same strategy, each for their own
conflicting purposes, is not as surprising as it
may first seem. For what the prosecution is
doing, it is doing in order to get a conviction
from the jury. It obviously believes that the
jurors will respond favorably to the government
by having a vast array of anti-war activity
paraded before them.
The defense, however, is setting the stage for
appeal. It is drawing a picture of a conspiracy
so amorphous as to provoke reversal from a
higher court.
The prosecution's confidence in the jury's
hostility to the defendant's conduct is one of
the most striking features of the case. Both
last week, and again yesterday, the government
put on testimony that must seem favorable to
the defendants in the eyes of anyone with the
slightest spark of response to their motive and
intention.
Yesterday, an FBI agent, describing an in-
terview with Dr. Benjamin Spock at Spock's
home, told of the defendant's "very cordial
and gracious reception" of the agent, and de-
tailed rather movingly Spock's explanation of
how he first became politically involved through
his concern with the nuclear arms race and his
fear for the ultimate destruction of mankind if
that race continued.

He 4uoted Spock's explanation of how he
had campaigned for President Johnson, had be-
come disillusioned after the Gulf of Tonkin in-
cident, had written of his disappointment to
the President and only after receiving a reply,
suggesting to him that his efforts on behalf
of the President had been betrayed by intensi-
fication of the war, did he move toward more
vigorous forms of protest.
The morning session yesterday displayed in
another way the prosecution's confidence in the
jury's pro-government attitude. Several hours
were devoted to testimony about the Dec. 5,
1967 protest at the Whitehall Center. We learned
how "1,760 to 2,000' New York, policemen had
been mobilized that morning as early as 4 a.m.
to prepare for the protest, how they barricaded
the streets, and stationed themselves all around
the area. The upshot of all this was the ap-
pearance by some 400 protesters, of whom a
few, including Spock, passed through the bar-
ricades and finally sat dgwn on the sidewalk.
Even this probably occurred with police as-
sistance, it hardly being likely that they had
broken the massive blockade. Spook was ar-
rested and charged with disorderly conduct, to
which he pleaded guilty and received a sus-
pended sentence.
That the prosecution should spend nearly half
a day on so trivial an event is truly extra-
ordinary. Are these the men, and this the sort
of conduct, which is supposed to be ringing
down the curtain on the dark night of chaos
and anarchy?

ministration.
The students related

Waiting outside

Kennedy faces strong challenge
from McCarthy in Oregon vote

personal experiences involving
discrimination in athletics,
academics and extracurricular
activities.
Faculty a n d administrators
promised to fully investigate all
of the charges but superintendent
of schools W. Scott Westerman
instructed the group that faculty
would not verbally respond to
charges levelledrat the meeting.
Edward Welch, president of
the Youth Council of the National
Association for the Advancement
of Colored People presided over
the meetings.
After the joint session ad-
journed at 2 p.m. the faculty held
a meeting to discuss procedures
to be taken in implementing the
demands of the black students, he
said.
They established a 17-man
committee to study the students'
statement and recommend action
by tomorrow on at least several of
the demands. Ron Edmunds was
chosen to chair the committee.
Today black leaders will meet
with the faculty group.
About 2:15 p.m. the high
school's white students met sepa-
rately and voted nearly unani-
unni mously to endorse the demands of
the blacks, Westerman said last
night.
The day was without incident
except for several small fires set1
in wastebaskets and an early,
morning confrontation between
school officials and an ad hoc
group of whites who met to sup-
port Negro demands.
The group was ordered to leave
the building by a faculty mem-
ber and by Sgt. Chester Carter
who is permanently placed at the
school by the Ann Arbor Police
Department.
The students refused and Car-
ter threatened to call in more
See AAHS, Page 2
New'U
By ALAN C. WILDE
A stranger to Ann Arbor visiting
a part of the University may
someday reach his destination,.
conduct his business, and get back
to his highway quicker than ever
before. Before now a visitor had
to stop and ask directions. These
were time consuming and im-
precise at best.
To elimipate this problem, the
University-in cooperation with
the Washtenaw County Road

..Francis Ford presiding

BOSTON - The dominant figure in the
Spock Trial thus far is the presiding judge,
Francis F. W. Ford. Ford succinctly character-
ized himself last 'Thursday when -- after coun-
sel asked if the judge needed to have a certain
answer repeated - Ford shot back, "Nothing
gets by me but the wind, and I swallow half
of that."
He rules the courtroom firmly,'but with
puckish humor. At one point, Coffin's lawyer,
James St. Clair, was questioning a witness about
"symbolic speech," when the prosecutor sitting
in the rear, jumped up to object. Before he even
spoke, the judge said, "Strike the question out
on the objection of government."
"I didn't hear an objection," St. Clair said.
"I saw him rise," the judge responded, "and that
was a symbolic expression of his objection."
Later in the day, defense counsel was tedious-
ly and elaborately setting the stage to suggest
that the government had planted FBI men in
an adjoining room to listen to a conference
among defendants and a Justice Department

official. Ford, obviously impatient, snapped,
"Oh, they're always just outside the door."
The jury ;plainly likes Ford, though they tend
to be amused by salvos from the bench which
would make a teacher of evidence law {recoil.
When counsel rose to object to a question as
improper, the judge - barely suppressing a
grin - said "Sit down, sit down, Mr. Counsel,
it's admissible, and anyway it's all irrelevant so
what are you worried about?"
A Jury's Judge is not, however,hnecessarily a
lawyer's ,fudge, and counsel for the defendants
would undoubtedly not share the foregoing gen..
erous assessment of Judge Ford. He is permit-
ting the government to put into evidence a
great deal of evidence adverse to the defendants
under the broad view he takes of conspiracy
theory, and at least some of the defendant's
lawyers feel that his instructions thus far have
implied to the jury that a conspiracy does exist.
This is a question which must - and undoubt-
edly will - be left to later appeals, but, at
least to this observer, he seems to be'running
the trial in a reasonably fair and disinterested
manner.

WASHINGTON (P) -The Su-
preme Court approved yesterday
the jailing-of Vietnam War 'Pro-
testers who burn their draft cards.
The 7-1 ruling, given by Chief
Justice Earl Warren, rejected a
free-speech attack on the 1965
federal law that made destruction
)f draft cards a crime.
"We cannot accept the view,"
said Warren, "that an apparently
limitless variety of conduct can be
labeled 'speech' whenever the
person engaging in the conduct
intends thereby to express an
idea."
The Constitution, he continued,
gives broad and sweeping power
to raise and support armies and
to make sure the draft system
functions with maximum efficien-
cy.
Justice William 0. Douglas, dis-
senting, said it is undoubtedly true
that Congress has these powers
when war has been declared.
"The underlying and basic prob-
lem in this case, however, is
whether conscription is permis-
sible in the absence of a declara-
tion of war," he added.
Justice Thurgood Marshall did
not vote, presumably because of
his recent service in the Justice
Department as U.S. solicitor gen-
eral.
In other action the court re-
fused to keep two young men out
of military service while. they
challenge in the courts the speed-
ed induction of Vietnam War pro-
testers.
One, Reuben J. Shiffman, was a
Vista volunteer who lost his de-
ferment and was reclassified as a
delinquent by a draft board in St.
Petersburg, Fla., for returning his
draft card as a "political protest."
The other, Michael J. Zigmond,
was put at the head of the In-
dution list by an Arlington,
Mass., draft board when he turned
his draft card in in a mass protest.
Until then, being 26, he was not
subject to induction.
The two claimed they had a
right to have their inductions de-
layed while they challenged the
Constitutionality of the draft reg-
ulations. Shiffman said his reclas-
sification was "punitive" and
therefore unconstitutional. Zig-
mond said he exercised "'free
speech" in turning in his card.
The court turned down their
pleas without amplication. Justice
William 0. Douglas filed a dis-
senting opinion saying he would
have granted the stays "as I am
unable to see any placerin our
Constitutional system for Sel1ec-
tive Service delinquency regula-
tions employed to penalize or de-
ter exercise of First Amendment
rights."'
Thecourt also ruled that free-
dom of choice attendance plans
for the desegregation of Southern
schools "must be held unaccept-
able" when there are other rea-
sonable ways, such as zoning, to
convert to a non-racial school
system.
The burden of dismantling dual
school systems for white and Ne-
gro children, found unconstitu-
tional by the court in 1954, cannot
be passed on to parents andcehil-
dren by having them select the
school to be attended, Justice
William J. Brennan Jr. said in an
opinion for a unanimous court.

Sympathy for Spock

PORTLAND, Ore. (M - Sen.
Eugene J. McCarthy of Min-
nesota mounted a strong Ore-
gon primary challenge yester-
day to the series of ballot box
victories by which Sen. Robert
F. Kennedy of New York hopes
to blitz his way to the Demo-
cratic presidential nomination.
Whether McCarthy would fall
short of matching or exceed-
ing Kennedy's vote in today's
election - as he did in Indi-
ana and Nebraska - seemed to
hinge on whether he could
swing in his direction the still-
undecided voters among about
380,000 Democrats expected to
go to the polls.
With more than 300,000 Re-
publicans expected to turn out,
former Vice President Richard
M. Nixon was confident of
gaining a solid majority. He is
opposed on the ballot by Cal-
ifornia Gov. Ronald Reagan,
who says he is not a serious
contender. A costly drive for a
write-in for New York Gov.
Nelson A. Rockefeller was
launched belatedly.
The Democratic contest was
complicated by an effort of or-
ganized labor to drum up proxy
support for a man who isn't
here, Vice President Hubert H.
TUiimnrdiai

In Oregon there has been a
phone campaign for votes for
President Johnson, whose name
remains on the ballot. Humph-
rey is listed as a candidate for
Vice President.
McCarthy, whose campaign,
is better organized and better
financed than in previous pri-
maries, says he thinks the race
with Kennedy "will be very
close." He added: "I have every
reason to be optimisti6 about
it."
Kennedy avoided predictions.
But his final-hour campaign-
ing was churning up the kind
of enthusiastic crowd reaction
to which he had become accus-
tomed during previous success-
ful bouts with McCarthy. This
was a contrast to the. apathy
campaign
that greeted the Kennedy cam-
paign in Oregon earlier in the
month.
Kennedy made a final swing
through the state yesterday. He

nomination even if he lost both
in Oregon and California.
He said this was true becau:e
he had demonstrated that he
could get independent and Re-
publican crossover votes that
no other Democrat could ena st.
Although Oregon voters are ze-i
quired to vote in the primary
for which they are registered,
they may write in opposing
party candidate's name on their
own ballot.
Pierre Salinger, former White
House press secretary and a
Kennedy adviser, told a news
conference that McCarthy was
spending more money in Ore-
gon than Kennedy. But he de-
clined to give any estimate for
either candidate.
Salinger sounded a favorite
theme of the Kennedy camp --
that Humphrey, and not Mc-
Carthy, was the real challenger.
"If Sen. Kennedy is defeat-
ed in Oregon, the beneficiary is
not Sen. McCarthy but Vice
President Humphrey," he said.
There were some deep breaths
drawn during Kennedy's trip
yesterday when the two plies
carrying the candidate and his
party had to swerve to avoid a
collision over the airport a
Roseburg.
In the Republican race, Nixon

II _ '

FOLLOW THE PINE TREE
direction signs eliminate words

views of the location. The Medical
Center is represented by the
standard medical symbol. The
pine tree symbolizes North Cam-
pus.
If our stranger drove in on
State St. and was going to either
North Campus or the Medical
Center, he would, by following the
signs, turn onto Packard, Division,
Huron, and Glen. This circuitous
route, says John P. Telfer, Spe-
cial Asst. to the Director of Plant
Extension, is part of the Univer-

with a white direction arrow.on
blue.
Although the signs imitate a
system used in Europe, Telfer says,
three of the symbols used on cam-
pus were designed especially for
use by the University.
The system of signs is not yet
finished. Signs had been set up a
month ago along the State St. en-
trance from I-94. Telfer says that
later on, Geddes Ave. off of US-23,
Main St. from US-23, and Jack-
son Rd. off I-94 will also have

ramp at each entrance to intro-
duce visitors to the four symbols
listed above. Unfortunately, says
Barr, if the driver does not under-
stand the billboard, he will have
to slow down to read the words
under the symbols.

Barr estimates the cost of the
pilot project at about $3,000. It
is difficult to estimate these costs,
he said, because plannxng has to
be included along with the cost
of making the signs. In the pilot
project, each square may have
cost about $10, but when they are
produced in the thousands, each
would cost about $2.50.
In addition, Barr notes the
University will decide which is
more economical: subcontracting
the sign-making as it did on the