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ST Conducts Research on Air Traffic

'U' Researchers

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Reorganization of Al

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By ROBERT FARRELL
Institute of Science and
iology is now studying the
ry's long term problems of
affic control.
najor independent study of
esearch needs in this area is
undertaken to enable sci-
s to determine what must be
to prevent major air dis-
earch mathematician Gus-
Rabson of the IST operations
rch division; a member of
ommittee set up to study the
emn, has made it clear that
project is not intended to
de animmediate "solution"
lr control problems, but to
take long-range research
hem.
Long-Range Solution
hope the nation won't be
peded into hunting for an-
'rough and ready' solution
r-traffic control problems at
xpense of long-range solu-
," he said.
me immediate changes are
able, but only a broad and
considered long - term re-
h program will significantly
>ve air safety. The problems
r-traffic control are increas-
o fast that only a thorough
ion of the present system
mny real chance of success."
ociate research mathemati-
Robert F. Lyjak noted that
resent system of flight con-
a based on the same funda-
als that were established in
Vore Planes, Same Space
t, there were only 29,000
s in the air then, and few
em flew faster than 150 miles
hour. Today over 109,000
s use the same airspace, and
P of them fly faster than 300
per hour.

The condition will be even
worse in 15 years, he said. "Since
we expect that the aircraft in
1975 will log over twice as many
miles in the air as they now do,
it is clear that plans must be
made now for developing a sys-
tem that will handle that incred-
ibly complicated situation rapid-
ly and safely.
"Unless some thorough thinking
about the traffic problem of 1975
is done now," Lyjak said, "the
country will again have to learn
the lesson that has been taught
us since 1958."
However, another member of
the committee working on the
project, Prof. Paul M. Fitts of the
psychology department, has point-
ed out the need for definite short-
range steps in addition to the
long-term research on the prob-'
lem.
Build Ideal Control
"Finding out how to build an
ideal air traffic control system
will take many years of research,"
the former director of the Avia-
tion Psychology Laboratory at
Ohio State University said. "In
the meantime, we should apply
what we already know as best we
can."
Prof. Fitts, one of the founders
of the Flight Safety Foundation,
offered two specific suggestions
for possible - reforms to provide
greater safety.
Basing his proposals on research
indicating that many of the er-
rors in flight control today are
human, caused by the man: in
the radar control center, he sug-
gested that much can be done to
improve human performance,
rather than supplementing men
with expensive and presently un-
tried devices such as electronic
computers.
Better Communication
He explained that better com-
munication is needed between the
ground controller and the air-
planes in the area he is in charge

of and suggested the use of ra-
dar identification and signalling
devices in major commercial air-
craft.
Research indicates that one of
the problems of traffic control lies
in the fact that at present no
method of identifying which air-
plane on a radar screen is a spe-
cific plane in the air except the
controller's memory.
And the role of radar in flight
control, particularly in bad weath-
er, will continue to expand in the
future as it has in the years since
World War II, making the prob-
lem even worse than it is at pres-
ent, Prof. Fitts noted.
Creates Memory Load
This lack of identification cre-
ates a memory load on the con-
troller when there are many
planes on his screen, he explain-
ed, and this may prevent speedy,
well-considered action concerning
the planes and their safety in
emergencies.
Radar transponders - devices
to rebroadcast and augment the
signal bounced off the plane from
the ground--with identification
mechanisms such as those used
by the military at present could
be one remedy for this situation,
reducing the amount of memory
work required of a ground con-
troller, Prof. Fitts suggested.
He also noted that the present
communication links from the
control tower to the plane are
often not perfect.
In particular, nearly instantan-
eous contact should be available
with each plane in a controller's
area, so that emergency action
may be taken when needed, he
said.'
Optimum Balance
But more than just these im-
mediate changes are needed. "In
addition to a short-range program
involving use of on-the-shelf
hardware, we need long-range re-
search to determine the optimum
balance between human and

mechanized control of air traf-
fic," the psychologist said.
With this kind of improve-
ment in equipment, humans can
do a much better job of air traf-
fic control until computers may
be developed to help handle this
task, he said.
The committee studying the
problem of research in this area,
Rabson said, is seeking to create
a program of research which will
get at the fundamental problems
in flight control along the lines
of the Curtis report's recommen-
dations.
Cites Report
This report was written three
years ago by a special presiden-
tial assistant and showed the
need for long-range planning in
the design of an air-traffic con-
trol system for the United States.
It called for a research pro-
gram which would start with an
analysis of the control problem as
it exists, and proceed with the
design of new control systems and
the evaluation of their perform-
ance.
This program would be planned
in such a way as to take account
of the forecasts concerning the
number, type and performance of
the aircraft which the system
would have to control in the fu-
ture if established.
The work of the IST commit-
tee in this is to plan such a pro-
gram of research.
The committee includes schol-
ars from several relevant academ-
ic disciplines, although Rabson
noted that this was not a deliber-
ate attempt at diversification, but
merely came about when those in-
terested in the problem were
brought together to work on it.
Continues Work
Once the group has mapped the
broad research plan sometime in
the next three to six months, IST
will make a decision on the man-
ner in which it might continue
work in this area, Rabson said.
Rabson emphasized that the
IST investigation of this area was
not specifically in response to the
December air disaster, but point-
ed out that the committee had
been formed to work on the mat-
ter before the collision occurred.
He also explained that quite a
bit of research into flight control
problems had already been done,
and any additional work could
build on this base.
"It just doesn't make sense that
our national energies are used to
develop a jet airliner that can
fly from San Francisco to New
York in seven hours when the
plane commonly must circle for
an hour or two before it can land
or must go to Philadelphiabor
Boston where the weather is bet-
ter."
An Arbor News
To Build Addition
The Ann Arbor News will be-
gin construction of a three-story,
half-million-dollar addition to its
present building this spring, News
manager George P. McCallum an-
nounced yesterday.
The addition will add more than
19,000 square feet to the present
building. The space will allow sev-
eral departments of the business
staff, which are presently using
temporary offices in a forrer res-
idence, to move back into the
main building.

Two University legal research-
ers suggested reorganization of the
Atomic Energy Commission in a
paper prepared for the Atomic
Industrial Forum's annual con-
ference in San Francisco.
Co-directors of the Law School's
atomic energy research project,
William H. Berman and Lee M..
Hydeman, recommended that the
AEC be split into two agencies
with distinct, functions.
One agency, the Atomic Eney-
gy Administration, would take
charge of constructing and oper-
ating nuclear facilities.
Rulemaking Body
The second, the Atomic Energy
Board, would conduct rule mak-
ing on safeguards and issuing of
licenses.
These recommendations to the
Atomic Industrial Forum prefaced
the conclusions made in a study
of the AEC by the University
project.
This study, considered to be the
most comprehensive of its kind by
a non-governmental group; has
been supported by the Ford Foun-
dation, the William W. Cook En-
dowment Fund of the Law School,
the Michigan Memorial-Phoenix
Project and the Detroit Edison Co.
Split Needed
Bermanand Hydeman contend
that a split in, the AEC is neces-
sary, because a single agency can-
not carry both the tasks of oper-
ating and regulating nuclear
projects.
"A number of other advantages
would derive from such a reor-
ganization. 'loot the least of these
would be Increased public confi-
dence in the operations ,of the
atomic energy Industry;" they
noted.
As it stands now,. the AEC is
competing with the industries
whose health and welfare it should
be trying to promote, they said.
Dual Functions
"The commissioners have been
sufficiently= self-conscious about
their dual function of promoting
and regulating the same projects
that they have- permitted the
growth of an unnecessarily bur-
densome licensing process in or-
der to assure the uneasy public,

and perhaps themselves, that
contested reactor licensing ac
are wholly objective," the
searchers added.
Thus, while the 1954 At
Energy act requires only
hearings for uncontested reg
licenses, the Commission
holds as many as six exan
tions.
The researchers realize that
split in the AEC may create
ther problems, but are plannki
present solutions for these in
report.
Name New
WCBN fHea
Inter-Quadrangle Council
approved the appointment of
third WCBN general manage
serve this semester.
IQC unanimously endorsed
Karlsson, '62, as head of the c
pus broadcasting- network. K
son, who is in his first semi
at the University, was electe
the WCBN board of director
Karlsson will fill'the. pos
Leonard Wiener, '62, who re
ed because of "programming
icy and scholastic reasons." M
er served for four weeks
Jack Huinzenga, '61, resigned
tier in the year.
Karlsson denied the exisi
of "opposing ideological cai
within the WCBN staff w
might hinder llrogramming
station policy.
Board Considers
High School Pla
The Ann Arbor Board of
cation is considering the cons'
tion of a new high school c
addition to Ann Arbor
School.
School Superintendent Jacl
zay says the present building
handle an expanding enroll
for two or three more years.

REACTOR GLOWS-The University's Ford Nuclear Reactor, sim-
ilar to the one which will be built in Thailand, develops a glow as
its output reaches 100,000 watts, one-tenth of its capacity. When
completed, the reactor will be the first of its kind in Thailand.
Phoenix Project To Help
Thailand Build ReCacor

'p Needs
'arch Data
Brochure

Challenge group will prepare'
ground material for each pre-
quium meeting of the "Chal-
e of Emerging Nations," Chal-
e spokesman Brian Glick, '62,,
iyone who is willing to do;
pendent research on a spe-
topic and prepare a back-
rnd paper may join the group.
e papers will be compiled in-
5-20 page booklets on each of,
six pre-colloquium topics.'
ie first two of these booklets
be completed and distribut-
during registration, and the,
x four during the first few
:s of classes. This material
also be distributed before the
:ly Sunday afternoon meet-
that are scheduled for next
ster.
udents who have prepared pa-
on emerging nations for
.lenge, or who have written
papers as class assignmentsj
also be asked to lead housingj
seminars.
his reorganization has been
ned, Glick said, to "produce
y seminars and tie academic
rial to extracurricular acti-
s." It will also serve to light-
he burden on faculty mem-
terested students can get ad-
nal information in Rm. 2522

qw

The University, through its
Phoenix Project, is helping Thai-
land build its first nuclear reac-
tor for peacetime use,
Prof. William Kerr flew to
Bangkok yesterday to advise the,
Thai government on training sci-
entific personnel and planning a
reactor laboratory.
Sam-Rerng Srisomboon, Grad,
a University student from Thai-
land, said "it will be a swimming-
pool type reactor similar to the
University's Ford Reactor."
Studies Instrumentation
Srisomboon is studying nuclear
instrumentation under an Inter-
national Atomic Energy Agency
scholarship and when he returns
to Thailand he said that he will
get a job on the new reactor in
the division of instrumentation.
He said the new reactor will
be used only for peaceful pur-
poses, such as research in science
and medicine.
The University has a contract
with the International Coopera-
tion Administration, which sup-
plies the funds for such assistance
to underdeveloped nations.
Consulting Assistance
ICA consulting assistance Is
available to any nation with a
United States mission, but "the
service has, to be requested by or
through the mission in that coun-

The University has helped about
20 nations start nuclear engineer-
ing and research programs
through its contract with the ICA.
Located Near Bangkok
Prof. Kerr recently announced
that the Thai reactor, to be lo-
cated near Bangkok, will be oper-
ated by Chulalongkorn University
under the auspices of the Thai
atomic energy commission.
Prof. Gomberg last month made
visits to Turkey, Israel, and
Greece to discuss atoms-for-peace
programs in those countries.
Discusses Program
In each of the countries, he
discussed the nuclear academic
and research programs. In Israel,
he worked with Technion to de-
velop a training program in nu-
clear energy, he said.
He worked with the Turkish
atomic energy commission, which
is building a one-megawatt reac-
tor near Istanbul.
He also worked with personnel
of the Democritus Center in
Greece to set up educational and
research programs.
Prof. Kerr also visited Formosa
recently to consult with Chinese
about operating their first nu-
clear reactor.

try," Prof.
director of
said.



* ENDING TONIGHT *
It's how the wedding cake
crumbles when husbands an
wives trespass in suburbia!

Henry J. Gomberg,
the Phoenix Project,

r a I

OB IHOPE*LUCILLE BALI.
PANAMA,& FRANK h
FCS

I

EXTRA
BUGS BUNNY
in "LIGHTER THAN HARE"




Sunday

YUL BRYNNER in
"THE MAGNIFICENT SEVEN"


TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTER-At air route traffic control cen-
ters such as the one at New York's International Airport, planes
are tracked by radar and cleared for landing. Often the planes
are "stacked" in oval holding patterns until they can be safely
landed.

I

DAILY OFFICIAL BULLI


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icial publication of The Univer-
y of Michigan for which The
chigan Daily assumes no editorial
ponsibility. N o ti c e s should be
it in TYPEWRITTEN form to
om 3519 Administration Building,
fore 2 p.m. two days preceding
bication.
,SATURDAY, JANUARY 7
General Notices
Ilowship and Scholarship Applica-
for Graduate School will be ac-
ed through 4:00 p.m., Wed., Feb.
1 credentials, including transcripts
letters of recommendation must be
ved by this time. Late applications
ot be considered, and the dead-
will not be extended.
e Cranbrook School calls atten-
of the faculty to its scholarship
petition for boys entering any
e from 7 to 11 next September.
line for application is March 1.
rmation is on file in the Fellow-
Office, 110 Rackham Bldg.
niors: Order caps and gowns for

Midyear Graduation from Moe's Sport
Shop, 711 North University, Mon.-Sat.,
Jan. 9 to 14, from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30
p.m.
Gilbert & Sullivan Society-Organi-
zation meeting and try-outs for next
semester's produtions, "Ruddigore"
and "Trial by Jury." Sun., Jan. 8,
7:30, In the Union, Room 3G. All wel-
come.
Events Saturday
Doctoral Examination for Randolph
Jerome Klawiter, Germanic Languages
& Literature; thesis: "Stefan Zweig's
Nov;ellen-An Analysis" Sat., Jan. 7,
1080 Frieze Bldg., at 9:00 a.m. Chair-
man, F. X. Braun.
Doctoral Examination for Cecil Clif-
ton Bacheller, Romance Languages &
Literature: Spanish; thesis: "Jose En-
rique Rodo: HisIdeas on Aesthetics,"
Sat., Jan. 7, East Council Room, Rack-
ham Bldg., at 10:00 a.m. Chairman, E.
Anderson-Imbert.
Placement Notices
PERSONNEL REQUESTS:
Management Consulting Firm, in the
East-Experienced grad. Mech. or Tool
Engineer wanted by leading mfger. of
Laminated Plastics. in Pa. 5.8.. M.E.
or equiv.
Scientific Design Co., Inc., New York
City-Several Chemists for exploratory
research in investigation of organic
reactions and processes. M.S. or Ph.D.
& 1-10 yr. industrial exper. Will con-
siled qualified Ph.D.'s with no exper.
Little Ferry, N.J.
Management Consulting Firm, New
York City-College grad. with degree

in B.Adm., Lib. Arts, or Engin., & 5
yrs. bus. exper. as Admin. Asst. to the
President of a Major Producer of Elec-
tro-Mech. Air & Gas Moving Devices
in northeast.
Atlantic Refining Co., Philadelphia-
Feb. grad. Mathematical Statistician
in Res. & Dev. Dept. M.S., Ph.D. or
equiv. for analytical studies with pri-
mary applications in petroleum & pet-
rochemical areas.
Dept. of Public Instruction, Lansing
-Field Agents in "Dept. of Vocational
Rehabilitation. B.A., M.A. in related
field.
Organization
Notices
Cong. Disciples E & R Stud. Guild,
"Biblical Thought," Nancy Prime, 9:30
a.m.; and "Society Created Man," Prof,
Paul Eberts, 7 p.m.; Jan. 8, 524 Thomp-
son.
La Sociedad Hispanica, Tertulla, Jan.
9, 3-5 p.m., 3050 FS.
* * *
Riding Club, Drill Team & Open
Riding, Jan. 8, 6:50 p.m., WAB.
s * *
Sailing Club, Work on Boats, Jan.
7, 10 a.m., 537 SAB.
* * *
Wesley Fdn., Seminar: The Christian
Science Church, Truman Campbell,
10:15 a.m., Pine Rm., Fellowship Sup-
per, 5:30 p.m.; Worship & Program
"Science & Religion: What Is Man's
Responsibility for Solving His Prob-
lems?", Dr. H. Christensen, 7 p.m.,
Wesley Lounge; Jan. 8.

ETI N I
National Bureau of Standards, Wash.,
D.C. - Exper. grad. in metallurgy as
Project Research Associate in metal-
lurgy in American Dental Assn. Re-
search Division.
Lanson Bros. Co., Toledo, Ohio -
Woman grad. for personnel work in
Ige. dept. store with some recent
experience. Will consider someone find-
ing it necessary for financial reasons
to leave school.
Please contact Bureau of Appts.,
Room 4021 Admin. Bldg., Ext. 3371 for
further information.
Part-Time
Employment
The following part-time jobs are
available. Applications for these jobs
can be made in the Non-Academic
Personnel Office Room 1020 Adminis-
tration Building, during the following
hours: Monday through Friday, 8:00
a.m. to 12:30 p.m.
Employers desirous of hiring part-
time or temporary employees should
contact Bill Wenrich, Part-time Em-
ploymentInterviewer, at Normandy
3-1511, extension 2939,
Students desiring miscellaneous jobs
should consult the bulletin board in
Room 1020, daily.
(Continued on Page 4)

TONIGHT and SUNDAY at 7 and 9
"THE LAST BRIDGE"1
with
Maria Schell, Bernhard Wicki
International Critics Prize and Best Actress
Awards, Cannes Festival
Short: Poverty, Chastity, and Obedience
ARCH ITECTURE AUDITORIUM
50 Cents

DRAMATIC ARTS CENTER
presents
AN. EVENING OF ,THEATI
Plays of Strindberg, lonesco, Synge
Original Works by Moonyean
with Choreography by Sandra Bader,
Music by Alain Giraud and Gordon Mumma

TONIGHT at 8:30
First Unitarian Church, 1917 Washtenaw
Admission $1.25 DAC Members 75c

Tickets on sale at Marshall's Book Shop and at the door.

ENDS TONITE
DEBORAH KERR
ROBERT MITCHUM
PETER USTINOV
in
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