AFRTC :
Chinese
Threat
By ENDRE MARTON
Associated Press News Analyst
AFRICAN leaders who fear Com-
munist penetration of the
continent see the main threat
coming from Communist China,
not Russia, American officials
said yesterday.
The reason, they said, is that
many Africans are suspicious of
whites, and the suspicion works
against the Russians, but not the
Chinese.
Thus, said officials who asked
not to be named, the Chinese
Communists are in a particularly
good position to exploit the ex-
plosive anti-colonial feelings of
the African masses.
Communist Chinese are ex-
tremely evident in Guinea and
have a sizable delegation in Mali,
officials said, but they added that
if the new African nations accept
current Communist chinese over-
tures and agree to diplomatic ex-
changes, Chinese influence in the
continent could increase drastic-
ally.
These countries, on the other
hand, are said to be anxious to
have United States diplomats sta-
tioned in their capitals. They con-
sider the presence of a U.S. envoy
as a~ tangible sign of recognition.
They based their report on the
findings of a recent African tour
made by a State Department fact-
finding mission headed by veteran
troubleshooter Loy Henderson, a
deputy undersecretary
The United States presently has
ambassadors in 10 of the 17 sub-
Saharan countries which have
gained independence since 1958.
Envoys will be appointed to
the remaining seven-the upper
Volta, Dahomey, Chad, the Cen-
tral African Republic, Gabon, and
Togo-within the next six months,
officials said.
Cost-saving proposals that an
ambassador should represent this
country in more than one of the
new nations were cold shouldered
by the Africans and the State De-
partment decided to have individ-
ual representatives in each of
them.
This involves a question of
money, housing, and of finding
adequate personnel, officials ex-
plained. Congress will be asked to
grant additional appropriations
and officials are confident that
it will recognize the importance
of new Africa and the request will
meet no serious opposition.
ROBERTS:
Economic
War On
By J. M. ROBERTS
Associated Press News Analyst
pIE FREE WORLD has lots of
hole-plugging to do in the next
several months if it hopes to
maintain its front against inter-
national Communism.
One of the great dangers of
the day is a plethora of wishful
thinking that ideological division
in the Communist sphere will re-
sult in a weakened assault, with
less attention to serious gaps in
the Western lines.
More wishful thinking surrounds
the idea ,that by some strange
miracle the world can be relieved
of its burden of armament, with
its constant threat of explosion,
without first establishing some
semblance of international trust,
which is by no means in sight.
* * *
IT IS QUITE likely that the
Communist-controlled nations will
come out of their ideological slug-
fest at Moscow purged of their
differences and determined on
new coordinated assaults.
The United States was the first
of all the nations to realize and
do something about the fact that
this is a new kind of war-a war
of materialism for economic con-
quest, without bullets.
In the first postwar years she
was the only nation able to do
anything about it. In those days
there was great care not to be-
come overcommitted, militarily or.
economically.
As the new war has progressed,
overcommitment, all-out commit-
ment, has become inevitable, as
in all wars.
* * *
THE QUESTION now is wheth-
er the allies, who have become
able, are going to fight this war
on a united front-with general
mobilization of private enterprise
which, after all, has the biggest
stake in the outcome.
The United States, conducting
aid programs all over the world
with varying success, is not only
beginning to run short of money
for the purpose, but will have to
concentrate a great deal more ef-
fort on Latin America now.
France and the European com-
mon market community are doing
something in Africa, but a vastly
increased program over and above
anything the United Nations may
do is required there.
* * *
BRITAIN STILL proposes to
i
4
Arthur McPhaul Speaks dat'Private Dinner'
The University and the Alleged Comnmunist
By THOMAS KABAKER
Magazine Editor
IN THE SPRING of 1952, the
University, and especially the
administration, faced a tricky
problem known as the McPhaul
dinner. The McPhaul dinner itself
was a "private banquet" held at
the Michigan Union for Arthur
McPhaul, a man accused of being
a Communist and banned from
speaking on campus by the lecture
committee. The controversy con-
cerned several areas: First, was
McPhaul a Communist? Second,
how private was this "private din-
ner?" Third, even if McPhaul
were a Communist, should he be
allowed to speak at the University?
And finally, what was to be done
with the students who arranged
this dinner in an effort to cir-
cumvent University regulations
which deny the right of Com-
munist speakers to use University
facilities?
As for the first question, was
McPhaul a Communist, the an-
swer is not definitely known.
Nothing was ever proved either
by the University or by the House
Un-American Activities Committee
then holding hearings in Detroit.
One man, David Averill, editor
of Ford Facts, told the House
committee that McPhaul "defin-
itely" was a Communist. Averill
was a member of the Communist
party during the war, and said he
had collected dues from McPhaul
during this time. McPhaul an-
swered Averill by calling him a
"liar." But he would not deny
being a Communist. He maintain-
ed that his political views were
personal and refused to discuss
them. The answer to this question
must remain up in the air.
' * '* *
THE SECOND question per-
tains to the "private dinner." The
r o o m for the banquet was
booked under t h e fictitious
name of Henry Gerard. It
was later, revealed that one of
the students at the dinner placed
this reservation. Sixteen students
were brought before Joint Judi-
ciary because of the part they
played in organizing the dinner.
The Young Progressives, the group
that originally wished to bring
McPhaul to campus, denied ar-
ranging the meeting. The day
after the dinner Erich Walter,
now assistant to the President,
then Dean of Students, said there
would be an investigation to see
whether any University regulations
were broken. The investigation
concluded that the students who
attended were liable for discipli-
nary action.
The next question centered on
freedom of speech. A few days
before the lecture committee re-
fused permission for McPhaul to
speak, the House committee heard
testimony from a Mrs. Bernice
Baldwin, an undercover agent in
the Communist party, who said
there were three Communist cells
in Ann Arbor. Although Sen.
Joseph McCarthy had not yet risen
to prominence, the Communist
scare was definitely on. In ad-
dition, the University was under
pressure from the state Legislature
to root out Communist influences
in its faculty and student body.
The University's solution was
based, for better or worse, on
practical politics rather than the
traditional ideas of freedom of
speech. Walter noted recently that
there was a feeling against the
students at that time because of
supposed leftist leanings.
** *
THE FINAL QUESTION was
whether University regulations
were broken. The regulation in
question says that "No permission
for the use of University property
for meetings or lectures shall be
granted to any student organiza-
But the question goes back to
the lecture committee, for if it,
had not refused permission for
McPhaul to speak, this dinner
would never have taken place. The,
students were obviously trying to
circumvent what they thought an
unjust ruling by the committee.
The lecture committee had ac-
ted within the University rule
limiting use of its facilities to
those who do not "urge the des-
truction or modification or our
form of government by violence
or other unlawful methods, or who
advocate or justify conduct which
violates the fundamentals of our
accepted code of morals." But
should there be a lecture com-
mittee? Should the University, on
the other hand, be a place where
all ideas and ideologies may be
expressed and discussed by an in-
TO SAY THAT students will,
b e e o m e Communitsts because
Communists because Communist
speakers are allowed on this cam-
pus is foolishness. Walter says
that "regulations concerning the
appearance of speakers have been
generally liberalized as we have
receded farther from wartime
conditions." One might ask what
the regulations were doing in the
Regents' bylaws in the first place.
It is also true that the regula-
tions remain the same as they did
in 1952. although the interpreta-
tion might be said to have be-
come more liberal during the last
eight years.
The University is certainly sub-:
ject to pressures from the Legis-
lature, but it ideally should have
defended itself from the academic-
tellegent student body and faculty?
consequences of the Communist
scare. Everyone now says it was a
bad thing for education - that
teaching was restrained because of
fear of purge, but if an institution
doesn't attempt to defend itself
from these threats, does it not
deserve whatever happens as a
result?
Walter says that in 1952 people
at the University-spoke out against
the infringement on education by
the anti-Communist r u Ii n g s.
Where? "In the classroom." Where
was the administration? Either
unaware of the effects this would
have on education, or too timid to
do anything about it.
Until that ban is removed, the
McPhaul dinner can happen again,
and eight years later, that dinner
would be as anachronistic as the
University ruling.
INTERPRETING THE NEWS:
Ca G ermany Afford Gold Aid?
By JOHN WEYLANDI
Associated Press News Analyst
FRANKFURT-Why won't West
Germany go all-out to help
the United States stop its criti-
cal gold drain? Financial experts
here contend the country can't
afford to.
Last month Secretary of the
Treasury Robert B. Anderson and
under Secretary of State Douglas
Dillon failed to get the help they
they asked in Bonn financial
talks. Since then critics have pic-
tured West Germany as a boom-
ing country too stingy and un-
grateful to do its share in the
crisis.
Bankers here in Frankfurt, fi-
nancial capital of West Germany,
call this picture false, causing
their country to come in for un-
deserved blame. This is how they
see the situation:
WEST GERMANY, d e s p i t e
amazing recovery since World War
II and a boom during the past two
years, is much poorer than the
United States. It is unable to
undersell its international compe-
titors except in a limited number
of industries.
Gold accumulated through a
favorable trade balance is a fairly
modest amount in relation to the
size of the country and its deal-
ings abroad.
And they argue that Germany's
LONIGHT'S Student Govern-
ment Council meeting may
bring about the discontinuation
of Willowpolitan airport bus serv-
ice before Christmas.
SQC's Student Activities Com-
mittee, which has been handling
the project, does not want to con-
tinue it for a variety of reasons:
they lose money on it; the
Thanksgiving bus service accom-
modated less than 100 students; a
new limousine service is not too
much more expensive than the
bus and they would rather spend
the time on more gratifying and
instructive projects.
* * *
IN GIVING UP the project, the
student activities committee does
not deny its value. Rather, their
position is that it ought to be
handled by some other service
group on the campus. The Wol-
verine Club has indicated some in-
terest in taking Willowpolitan in
the spring, but sees little possi-
bility of organizing it by Christ-
mas recess.
Willowpolitan is the kind of
boom shows signs of tapering off,
so the gold accumulated so far
will be needed to see the country
through harder times. The Ger-
man economy is beginning to
show weak spots. One is the auto-.
mobile industry. A leveling off is
expected next year. -
Despite their rather grim ap-
praisal of the economy, the bank-
ers agree with the government
that West Germany must give
some help to the United States.
"We all know our economy is tied
to the U.S. economy, one vice-
president remarked. "We don't
wish to shirk our responsibility."
9 9 *
ECONOMICS Minister Ludwig
Erhard himself said after the
Bonn talks it was completely clear
the country bad to contribute to
"making the dollar retaih its value
--without question marks."
But how?
One way that is definitely out
i§ the one Anderson pressed for
during the two days of confer-
ences-having West Germany pay
$600 million a year toward the
maintenance of U.S. troops sta-
tioned in the country. Everybody
here seems agreed this would
smack of the old occupation costs.
A COUNTER-suggestion by Er-
hard is that the German govern-
ment provide roughly a billion dol-
lars, in loans and grant to
underdeveloped countries, taking
that much burden off the Unit-
ed States. The bankers see this.
as pretty generous.
They point out that no strings
would be attached to force the
recipient countries to spend the
aid in Germany-it could mean
sales in the United States, Britain
or anywhere else.
Some doubt hangs over what
will become of this offer. Ander-
son and Dillon reported they
'warmly welcomed" it, but discus-
sions still are going on dver just
how it will be handled.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
Socialist Replies
To Exchange Editorial
To the Editor:
IN THE ISSUE of the Michigan
Daily for Wednesday, Novem-
ber 23, I was very interested to
see an article by Mr. Mac Dale
reprinted from" the Mississippian.
The piece concerns an article
which I wrote for the Socialist
Party's newspaper, New America.
In the interest of an intelligent
consideration of the questions
raised, I am sending the following
comments for publication in the
Mississippian. I am also submit-
ting a copy to the Michigan Daily
where the reprint of Mr. Dale's
piece came to my attention, and
to the Daily Iowan which the Mis-
sissippian states as the source of
its information on my article. I
would greatly appreciate receiv-
ing copies of the publications in
which the original articles in ques-
tion appeared, as well as copies
containing any future comment on
the matter.
MR. DALE refers to a "rising
yelp of protest" being heard in
this country. True enough, but not
rising from the source Mr. Dale
ascribes. If the term "yelp" can
be applied to the cry of protest
that is arising, I think the source
can be located with much more
accuracy in the writings of people
one paragraph before Mr. Dale
lists the San Francisco anti-House
Un-American Activities Committee
demonstrations, the New York Civ-
il Defense protests, the Youth
Marches for Integrated Schools,
the sit-ins and sympathy picket-
ing. Are these signs of a revitalized
student movement of protest or are
they not? If so-why is it "brag-
ging" to say so? If not-what is
Mr. Dale worried about?
AS FOR HIS characterizationa
of dissenters as "social misfits," it
would seem to me that this sort of
name-calling smacks of the "ridic-
ulous childish tantrum" of which
Mr. Dale accuses the forces of pro-
test. Or perhaps, if I may be ex-
cused for saying so, there are some
aspects of some societies into
which decent people should not
want to "fit."
Mr. Dale assures us that-he is
not "knocking the right of assem-
bly or the right of protest," but
reminds us that "the ballot is the
accepted form of expression." Very
interesting. It is fascinating to
know that only four per cent of the
Negro population of voting age in
the state of Mississippi is allowed
an "accepted form of expression."
I am tempted to go on, since
there remains a great deal to be
said on the position of the Socialist