THE MICHIGAN DAILY preme Court Outlaws State GOP, AFL-CIO I Convention on Constiti us Stop Discrimination A )R EIGHTH YEAR: College Enrollment Hits High CINCINNATI (/P)-Enrollment In the nation's colleges reached an all-time high this fall-for the eighth straight year-Garland 0. Parker, University of Cincinnati registrar reported yesterday. The forty-first annual enroll- Inent survey, made for the edu- cational journal, School and So- ciety, showed 1,016 accredited uni- versities and four-year colleges have 2,039,854 full-time. students and a grand total of 2,942,541 full- time and part-time students. Of 933 schools which also re- ported in the fall of 1959, the in- crease amounted to 6.2 per cent in full-time students. The grand to- tal reflected a 5.5 per cent rise in student populations. The survey has been conducted since 1919 by Raymond Walters, now president-emeritus of Cincin- nati. Parker took over the job this year after Walters became ill. Large-Scale Production Parker said, "The big schools continue to get bigger but so do the smaller ones. Higher education appears to be increasingly a mat- ter of large-scale production." Parker pointed to "significant increases in freshman enrollment." In 856 institutions reporting this year and last there were 495,269 freshmen this fall for a gain of 11.4 per cent. "Freshman figures are impor- tant not only because they indi- cate trends in professional choices but also because they presage fu- ture full-time and total enroll- ment." Examining freshmen statistics by fields of study, Parker report- ed 'those training to be teachers up 13.7 per cent over last year -the largest increase for any freshman group. The 1959 increase over 1958 was 6.3 per cent. e Here are the 20 largest uni- versities in the United States: 1) College of the City of New York, 77,621; 2) University of California, 49,169; 3) State Uni- versity of New York, 44,388; 4) New York University, 41,348; 5) University of Minnesota, 37,- 904; 6) University of Illinoi, 30,796; 7) University of Wis- consin, 30,028; 8) University of Michigan, 27,629; 9) Indiana University, 26,791; 10) Univer- sity of Missouri, 25,929; 11) Ohio State University, 25,151; 12) University of Texas, 24,- 993; 13) Michigan State Uni- versity, 24,523; 14) University of Washington, 24,160; 15) Co- lumbia University, 23,620; 16) Pennsylvania State University, 21,656; 17) Wayne State Uni- versity, 21,534; 18) University of Maryland, 19,478; 19) Tem- ple University, 19,201; 20) Pur- due University, 19,152. Parker said, however, "the on- coming rush of students now in the elementary schools will create demands for many more teachers than we have in service and in preparation." Arts and sciences showed the second largest freshman gain, 12.7 per cent (last year, 6.9 per cent). In sharp contrast to the small 0.3 per cent increase last year, business administration fresh- men took a jump of 11.0 per cent this fall. Agriculture showed the small- est of current freshman increases, 1.3 per cent, reversing last year's trend, when there was a 1.5 per cent drop from 1958. Significant Upturn, Another significant freshman upturn was in engineering, where "in recent years the paucity of able freshmen has been a matter of great national concern," Park- er said. This fall's 3.4 per cent Increase contrasts with losses of 4.7 per cent last year and by 7.6 per cent the previous year. Of all freshmen students, wom- en showed a 13.9 per cent gain and men, a 9.6 per cent gain. Turning to full-time enrollments by types of institutions, Parker found 68 large universities under public control had an increase of 6.9 per cent; 58 large private uni- versities, 3.3 per cent increase: and 628 independent four-year arts and sciences colleges, 6.2 per cent increase. Other increases: 62 independent technological institutions, 4.9 per cent; 146 teachers colleges, 9.5 per cent; fine arts, applied arts, and music schools, 1.0 per cent; and theological schools, 2.2 per cent. ves Ruling On Stations Restaurants Avoids Constitutional Questions in Ruling WASHINGTON MP) - The Su- preme Court yesterday outlawed discrimination against negro pas- sengers in restaurants that regu- larly serve interstate bus travelers. Avoiding constitutional ques- tions that might have had an im- portant bearing on other issues involving negro rights, the court based its 7-2 decision on the Inter- state Commerce Act. The ruling struck down the con- viction of Bruce Boynton, a Negro traveling from Washington to Selma, Ala. who refused to leave the restaurant for whites in the Trailways bus terminal in Rich- mond. Misdemeanor Boynton was fined $10 under a Virginia law which makes it a misdemeanor to refuse to leave premises on demand of persons in charge. Justice Hugo - L. Black, author of the decision, went no further than necessary to decide the case. He noted that constitutional ques- tions had been raised In Boyn- ton's appeal, including the due process and equal protection clauses of the 14th amendment. "We think there are persuasive reasons, however, why this case should be decided, if it can, on the Interstate Commerce Act con- tention raised in the Virginia courts," Black wrote. Constitutional Question ' "Discrimination is the core of the two broad constitutional ques- tions presented us by petitioner (Boynton), just as it is the core of the Interstate Commerce Act question presented ot the Virginia courts. Under these circumstances, we think it appropriate not to reach the constitutional questions but to proceed at once to the statutory issue." The court thereby avoided any hint as to what attitude it might take on lunch counter sit-down demonstrations in the South, as well as on other similar questions. Black said the court was not holding that every time a bus stops at an independent roadside restaurant the Interstate Com- merce Act requires that restaurant service be supplied in harmony with the provisions of the act. "We decide only this case, on its facts, where circumstances show that the Terminal and restaurant operate as an integral part of the bus carrier's transportation ser- vice for interstate passengers," Black said. "Under these circum- stances, an interstate passenger need not inquire into documents of title or contractual arrange- ments in order to determine whether he has a right to be served without discrimination." LANSING (P-The drive for a constitutional convention rolled forward yesterday under a new head of steam generated by Michi- gan Republicans and the state AFL-CIO.. The action by the GOP state central committee came as no sur-> prise, but approval by the union's political education committee was.a complete reversal of form. August (Gus) Scholle, state ,AFB,-CIO president, said his tunion- would support the ballot proposi- tion chiefly in hopes of "restoring representative government in Michigan." The question of calling a con- vention to rewrite the 52-year-old state constitution was endorsed by voters Nov. 8 and will be up to a statewide vote in the : ular spring election April 3. The Democratic state cer committee, which also met for first time since the general e tion, took no stand either way a constitutional convention. subject was not even discussed. Before the election, the comri tee, took a neutral stand 'on issue, advising Democrats to i as they saw fit. The decision I cognizance of a wide split in D ocratic rhnks on the question. Gov. G. Mennen Williams party support for a convention Gov.-elect John B. Swain spearheaded the opposition. ,. SENIOR MN -AP Wireplioto FORMER PREMIER-Patrice Lumumba (right) was taken into custody last week by forces of strongmnan Col. Joseph Mobutu. Troops loyal to Mobutu yesterday surrounded the Stanleyville stronghold of Lumumba. Mob utu Troops Threaten Lumumba's Stanleyv'ille LEOPOLDVILLE (M)-The Congo Army's chief said yesterday his forces have surrounded Stanleyville, stronghold of ex-premier Patrice Lumumba's Communist-leaning lieutenants. Col. Joseph Mbutu said only a United Nations plea to avoid bloodshed stayed him from sending his soldiers into liquidate rebels in that capital of Oriental province. Mobutu warned, however, that his soldiers will strike at the city if either the United Arab Republic or Sudan try to send arms to Stan- elyville. He also threatened to cut off some Nile headwaters in the Congo vital to both the United Arab Republic and Sudan, if neces- sary. Mobutu ordered the UAR diplomatic mission out of the Congo Get your FREE COPY of Annual Guide to Jab Opportunities TODAY and TOMORROW Fishbowl and Angell Hal Another Service of Alpha Phi Omega '..I .. U m last week, charging it was trying to restore Lumumba to power. Su-. dan works closely with the UAR. A triumvirate of former deputy- premier. Antoine Gizenga, Lum- umba's younger brother Louis, and Bernard Salumu, a former Lum- umba secretary, rules Stanleyville. The three threaten to set up an independent state in Oriental province in reprisal for Lumum- ba's arrest. A United Nations official denied reports that Oriental province al- ready had seceded from the Con- go, saying: "Secession may come one day, but it has certainly not come yet." He said reports were received from Stanleyville yesterday saying Salumu had scheduled a series of public meetings to discuss the fu- ture of the province. Salumu told newsmen in Stanleyville Friday the province wants to remain part of the Congo, provided Lum- umba is recognized as head of the legitimate government. Stanleyville always has been a Lumumba stronghold and United Nations officials believe Mobutu underestimates the difficulties he faces if he tries to seize the city. It also was noted Mobutu's threat to cut off Nile headwaters in- volves a vast and difficult engi- neering project. -"Y World News Roundup By The Associated Press UNITED) NATIONS - United Nations Secretary - General Dag Hammarskjold yesterday called on Congo' President Joseph Kasavubu to permit the International Red Cross to examine imprisoned Pa- trice Lumumba and obtain as- discrimination against Negro pas- . . ,. WASHINGTON - The govern- ment ordered yesterday that na- tions receiving United States aid stop spending those dollars in 18 countries and Hong Kong, which the United States considers in strong economic shape. presents" IN PERSON his magnificent color film featuring " P' Sponsored by ANN ARBOR SKI CLUB "Edge-of-the-seat drama, magni- ficent panomaras, and some of the funniest-comedy available on any screen. --Los Angeles Examiner "Exceptional photography - the most entertaining film-lecture in 'many a day." --Madison (Wis.) 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