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Seventy Years of Editorial Freedom
See Page 4
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L. LXXI, No.63
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1960
ADVISERS CONFER:
Propose Defense Plan
WASHINGTON (43)-A tightly controlled defense force, dispens-
ing with army, navy and air force secretaries and emphasizing speedy
military decisions, was proposed to President-elect John F. Kennedy
by his defense advisers yesterday.
Annual savings up to $8 billion were claimed for the proposed
reorganization.
The three armed services would continue to be separate units:
under the plan produced, at Kennedy's request, by a committee head-
ed by Sen. Stuart Symington (D-Mo).
But the committee frankly recommended reducing the influence
of the separate services. It said
COnference
Calls Recess
On Test Ban
GENEVA WP)-The three-powe
nuclear test ban talks went into
another long recess yesterday
still deadlocked and with no ap-
parent optimism for the futur
of the marathon negotiation.
United States delegate Charles
C. Stelle proposed a two-month
interruption at yesterday's 273rd
session of the conference because
he told Soviet negotiator Sem-
yon K. Tsarapkin, experience of
recent weeks "does not offer any
prospects for progress."
The recess, he said, will algo
give the forthcoming administra-
tion of President-elect John F
Kennedy an opportunity for
"thorough review" of the negotia-
tion for a treaty to suspend nu-
clear weapons testing. The talks
started Oct. 31, 1958
To Be 'Decisive
He warned that this review wil
have been made when the talks
resume again in February, and
that the next session will be "de-
eiaive."
Stelle, Sir Michael Wright of
Britain and Tsarapkin - who
agreed to the recess with the
comment that only the Soviet
Union had displayed "good will'
in the talks up to now - have
made no progress on any major
Issue since they resumehd the talks
In Sept. after a six-week pause.
That recess was decided be-
cause Britain and the United
States wanted to have another
look at the negotiation and, at
- the same time, hoped the Soviet
government would drop at least
some of its opposition against
control measures the West de-
mands.
Refuses To Talk
But since then Tsarapkin has
refused even to discuss Western
proposals on Issues related to con-
trol.
Stelle said one of the reasons
the United States Government
cannot accept inadequate controls
in a nuclear test ban treaty is
that in doing so it would estab-
lish a "precedent in the whole
field of disarmament."
Thus, the point came clear: if
the Soviet government bows to
the Western concept of nuclear
control it would not very well re-
ject it any future disarmament
negotiation; nor could the West
insist upon effective control of
disarmament once it has accept-
ed a watered-down Soviet version
here.
City Considers
Proposed Law
On Liquor Sale
The Ann Arbor City Council
last night approved the first read-
ing of a new liquor-control ordi-
nance,
(The present ordinance applies
only to the sale of beer and wine
because of a long standing ban on
the sale of liquor-by-the-glass in
Ann Arbor, which was revoked by
the voters November 8.)
The new ordinance, basically
like the present one, was arrived
at in meetings of the council and
interested citizens. As it now
stands, it would allow taverns to
remain open until 12:30 a.m.
weekdays with a directive against
actually serving liquor after mid-
night. Establishments would have
to close at 1:30 a.m. on Fridays
and Saturdays, but would also
have to cease serving drinks at 1
a.m.
The final vote on the ordinance
Wil come next Monday at the
council's regular meeting.
Cuban Diplomats
the country can no longer "afford
-> the luxury of letting each service
strive to develop in itself the ca-
pability of fighting any future war
by itself' and that interservice
rivalry is steadily increasing,
Recognizes Space Age
Defense planning cannot con-
tinue to consist of compromises
among the three, the committee
contended.
Moreover, Symington, himself a
r former Secretary of the Air Force,
) said the plan recognizes "the nu-
clear space age instead of contin-
- uing to have this arbitrary and
e ridiculous division between land,
sea and air."
s Certain to set off a furor in
' military circles and Congress, the
i Symington committee , r e p o r t
sought to justify its sweeping rec-
- ommendations by saying that in
f the past the United States has
y had 18 months to build and mo-
bilize its defenses for war, while
"if there should ever be a World
- War III, we would be fortunate to
. have 18 minutes to react."
r' Separate Units
- T h e Symington committee
- would redefine the services as
s "separate organic units within a
single Defense Department."
Each service would continue to
l have its own chief. But these
s three chiefs, plus another officer
I as chairman, would no longer
- constitute the Joint Chiefs of Staff
which is now the nation's top
military authority in uniform.
Rather, each chief would simply
head his own service. Another
group of senior officers, appoint-
ed by the President from the
three services but. permanently
separated from any particular
one, would be an advisory group.
The chairman of the joint
chiefs, redesignated chairman of
the joint staff, would head this:
group. He would be next in the
chain of military command below
the defense secretary,
Moreover, the plan would es-
tablish three commands made up
- of units of all forces and each self
sufficient. These-the strategic
command, responsible for all stra-
tegic missions; the tactical com-
mand, responsible for limited and
conventional missions, and the de-
fense command, responsible for
defense of the continent-would
report directly to the chairman
of the joint staff.
The committee suggested a
special post of undersecretary of
defense for weapons systems, re-
sponsible to the secretary "for the
complete cycle of weapons develop-
ment, procurement and production
r and also for construction and in-
stallations, including bases, hous-
ing and depots."
STUART SYMINGTON
on defense
ALGERIA:
Slim Asks
UN Actiont
UNITED NATIONS (R)-Tuni-
sia opened debate yesterday on
Algeria with a demand that the
United Nations guarantee by its
presence the honesty of any ref-
erendum on the political future of
that explosive North African ter-
ritory.
France boycotted the debate
again in the 99-nation political
committee in order to demon-
strate its long-held position that
Algeria is an internal matter of
no concern to the United Nations.
Two African nations sym-
pathetic with France--Chad and
Congo Brazzaville-called off at
least temporarily a plan to seek
postponement of the debate.
Supporters of the Algerian inde-
pendence movement among Unit-
ed Nations delegates expressed
confidence they could defeat the
move.
Tunisian Ambassador Mo'ngi
Slim, whose country has sheltered
the provisional government of the
Algerian rebels, accused French
President Charles de Gaulle of
raising new fears over Algeria.
Referring to a speech by de
Gaulle in Paris, Slim charged the
French President with putting
emphasis on the possibility of
partitioning Algeria.
He acknowledged that de Gaulle
still maintained the principle of
self-determination for the Alger-
ian people, but he added the
French leader's statement was
"full of dangers."
Representatives of 25 Asian-
African nations who asked the
United Nations to debate Algeria
for the sixth successive year are
expected to bring in a formal
resolution for United Nations
supervision of any referendum in
Algeria.
Start Social
Science Unit
Within NSF
By SUSAN FARRELL
The "gradual uphill battle" of
the social sciences for recognition
in the National Science Founda-
tion was climaxed yesterday with
the creation of a division for social
science research within the NSF.
Prof. Angus Campbell, director
of the Survey Research Center,
viewed the foundation action as
evidence of the "increasing ma-
turity of the social sciences" and
as "gradual public education as to
what social science is and realiza-
tion that it has something to offer
in solving world problems."
(NSF Director Alan T. Water-
man said that the action indicated
the "recognition of the importance
and quality of scientific research
in the social sciences and the be-
lief in the sustained growth of
these fields," the New York Times
reported.)
The new division will organize
support of basic research into pro-
grams in the anthropological, eco-
nomic and sociological sciences
and in the history and philosophy
of science.
NSF indicated that the creation
of the division would be accom-
panied by greater financial sup-
port for social science research
than it had formerly given.
Much Smaller
But Prof. Campbell pointed out
that the budget of the division is
much smaller than that devoted
to research in the physical sci-
ences and will probably remain so
for quite a while.
He does not expect a "tremen-
dous increase" in appropriations in
the near future but foresees a
gradual increase in available funds
over a long period of time.
(University President Harlan
Hatcher has called University
social science research "pre-
eminent," as compared to that
at other Universities. In planning
for increase of the advanced work
in these areas, such as the SRC
carries on, the University would
expect expanded federal aid, he
said.)
Prof. Campbell said attainment
'of "nominal equality (of the social
sciences) with the physical-medi-
cal-biological sciences" was the
last step in a battle that began
in Congress in 1950 when forma-
tion of the National Science Foun-
dation as the principal government
agency supporting basic scientific
research was first considered.
Movement To Exclude
At that time there was a move-
ment to exclude social science
from the proposed act, Prof.
Campbell said.
NSF began giving grants for
social science research about 1954,
but these grants were for projects
tied in with biological or physical
and engineering sciences,.
Henry W. Reicken, former pro-
fessor of sociology at the Univer-
sity of Minnesota, who has di-1
rected this program for severala
years,'will continue as head of the'
new division.
Communists
Declare War
Unnecessary
Manifesto Endorses
Peaceful Coexistence
LONDON R)-The Communist
world declared unanimously last
night war is not inevitable and
that Communism can win out over
the capitalist West in peaceful
coexistence.
"War is not fatally inevitable,"
it said. "The Communist parties
regard the fight for peace as their
prime task."
Its manifesto, approved at a
recent Moscow meeting of Red
leaders from 81 countries said
war will come only if the West
starts one.
The solid front reversing Marx-
ist doctrine and bringing Red
China into line was first sprung
on the world by Communist pa-
pers outside the Soviet Union-in
London, Paris and Rome.
Then Moscow Radio beamed
later to Britain its version of
what the official party organ
Pravda would publish and it fol-
lowed the same general line as the
outside papers.
Russia Holds Line
The 20,000-word Communist
statement represented strong en-
dorsement of Soviet Premier Ni-
kita S. Khrushchev's peaceful co-
existence line and just as strong
rejection of Red China's war-is-
inevitable philosophy.
The manifesto pointed up two
important shifts from old Com-
munist theory by arguing that:
1) East and West can get along,
and must if the appalling destruc-
tion of nuclear war is to be avoid-
ed.
2) Communists in western
countries can proceed in building
toward eventual power without
revolutions.
Reds Reject War
The manifesto alerted Commu-
nists everywhere that the "peace
campaign is the task today."
In rejecting war as a road to
Communist victory, the document
accused what it called imperialist
reaction of spreading the idea the
Reds favored war.
"Imperialist reaction, seeking to
provoke diffidence toward the
Communist movement and its
ideology, continues to intimidate
the masses, affirming that Com-
munists would have need for a
war between states to overcome
capitalist regimes and establish a
social order," the manifesto said.
"The Communist parties reso-
lutely reject this calumny. The
fact that both world wars, un-
leashed by the imperialists, have
ended with socialist revolutions
does not signify that the way to-
ward social revolution must defi-
nitely pass through world war..."
The Moscow radio sunmary of
the manifesto said the Commu-
nist system is bound to win in
peace over capitalism "by the
force of its example." The broad-
cast added that victory in the
Socialist countries is so complete
"that a return to capitalism is
socially and economically impos-
sible."
Whites Brave
New Orleans
School Boycott
NEW ORLEANS WA) - A thin
line of blockade-running white
children-seventeen in number-
added yesterday to the break up of
a segregation boycott at William
Frantz school, one of the city's
two integrated units.
But, not a single white child
showed up at McDonogh No. 19,
the other integrated school.
Tempers still simmered just be-
low the bubbling point. Demon-
strators lobbed two eggs at the
Rev. Lloyd Foreman when he
Students
Start Vei
ART OF SILENCE:
Mareeau ,Pantomi-mes World
(EDITOR'S NOTE-The follow-
ing is excerpted from an auto-
biographical article, "The Universal
Language," by Marcel Marceau,
who appeared last night In Hil
A"d.)
Now there is a sudden revival
of interest in one of the oldest
spectacular arts in existence: The
Art of Silence.
This art-called Mime-is as an-
cient as civilization, and yet is
one of the least practiced and most
difficult of dramatic forms. It
has been employed as an adjunct
more or less, to the arts of acting
and dance, for great actors-great
ballet dancers must know the Art
of Mime to round out those areas
of silence which occur in every
play or every ballet that has a
story.
As far back as I can remember
performers such as Charles Chap-
lin, Buster Keaton, Laurel and
Hardy, were my inspiration.
"Bip"-my own alter ego-who
was born thirteen years ago, was
introduced to the American public
on his first tour here. Bip has
has adventures and misadven-
tures with everything from butter-
fluers to untamable lions to dance
hall girls, in white face, wearing
a catruu i1inpd nlll v,,i nndillrdc*and
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