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Seventy Years of Editorial Freedom
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1960 FIVE CENTS SI

KI, No. 49


. .. .

Violence Rocks Vietnam

Mobutu

To Retain
Authority
LEOPOLDVILLE ()-Col. Joseph
Mobutu, bent on maintaining his
strongman role despite , United
Nations pressure, announced yes-
terday a giantrparade of his Con-
golese army for Thursday.
The army chief's decision to
make a show of military strength
sent worried UN officials into a
huddle to decide whether UN
troops should take part in the
parade.
They fear trouble in this tense
city, where there is bad blood be-
tween the Congolese army and the
Leopoldville police, who support
Mobutu's arch foe, leftist ex-pre-
mier Patrice Lumumba.
Announces Pact
In an obvious move to throw
another roadblock in the path of
any Lumumba return to power,
Mobutu announced a pact with
President Cleophas Kamitatu of
Leopoldville province, Lumumba's
chief backer in this capital.
In return for his release after
three days of confinement by
Mobutu, Kamitatu said he had
agreed to work jointly with Mo-
butu to maintain order in the city.
Kamitatu controls the city's 2,000
police. -
Guard Lunnumba
The diplomats maintain that the
UN Congo operation has been try-
ing to facilitate Lumumba's return
to power under pressure by some
African and Asian nations. Lumn-
umba has been guarded by UN
troops since President Joseph Kas-
avubu fired him as premier in
September.
A well-informed diplomat said
the UN has intensified pressure on
Mobutu to reopen the Congolese

Kennedy Calls On Former Riv
To Confer on World Problen

-AP Wirephoto
REVOLT IN VIET NAM-A cyclist rides past a burning armored
car in a Saigon street during an assault on the presidential
palace. Four South Viet Nam paratrooper battalions attacked the
palace during last week's uprising. After two days of fighting.
President Ngo Dinh Diem's forces were able to stop the revolt.
GERRYMANDERING:
Court Bans Move
To Bar Negro Vote
WASHINGTON (M--The Supreme Court ruled unanimously yes-
terday that it is unlawful to change a city's boundaries to get rid of
Negro voters.
This means Negroes will have a chance to prove in court their
claim that -the Alabama Legislature in 1957 redefined Tuskegee's
boundaries to prevent them from gaining political control of the city.
The gerrymandering of Tuskegee's boundaries removed from the
city all but four or five of Tuskegee's Negro voters but affected no
white residents. Tuskegee, which had been square in shape, became a
28-sided figure which Negroes described as resembling a sea dragon.
Previous Population

'MACHINES'
Mundt Raps
Vote Power
Of Big City
WASHINGTON M)- Sen. Karl
E. Mundt (R-SD) called for a
constitutional amendment yester-
day to curb what he called the
dominating influence of big city
political machines on presidential
elections.
Mundt said the narrow popular
vote lead of Democrat John F.
Kennedy in last week's presiden-
tial election shows the electoral
college system is outmoded.
The South Dakota Senator'noted
that Republican Vice - President
Richard M. Nixon carried more
states than Kennedy and is shown
in the unofficial tabulation to have
received 49.8 per cent of the major
party vote to Kennedy's 50.2.
Nixon May Win
Mundt said final figures still
might give Nixon the popular vote
advantage. But he said that under
the electoral college system the
presidency still would go to Ken-
nedy.
"It seems clear the winning
presidential candidate will owe his
victory to a majority received in a
small number of large metropoli-
tan cities," Mundt said.
He announced thatnafter Con-
gress convenes in January he will
formally propose a Constitutional
amendment to give rural and
smaller city areas a biger voice
in election results. He said Sen.
Strom Thurmond (D-SC) has
agreed to co-sponsor the proposal.
Avoid Gerrymander
Mundt said his plan would set
up a system of electoral districts
in each state. He said the electoral
districts should be of the same
size and contiguous to avoid the
possibility of gerrymandering -
the old political practice of rig-
ging boundaries of a voting dis-
trict to affect its political complex-
ion.
As Mundt explained his plan,
each district would have one vote
in the electoral college decided by
the popular vote within its bor-
ders. Two other electors would
be chosen at-large in each state.
Mundt said this would "lessen
the dominating influence which
the big city political machines, the
tightly organized pressure groups
of metropolitan areas, the hyphen-
ated American organizations, the
AFL-CIO and other groups operat-
ing in the big cities now have in
determining presidential elec-
tions."
At the same time, Senate Re-
publican leader Everett M. Dirk-
sen of Illinois said he figures some
of the quirks apparent in the re-
cent voting may strengthen the
hands of those who want a new
system of electing presidents.

Before the redrawing of the
Negro inhabitants and 1,310 whi
Funds Lack*
Cuts Issues
Of Paper
By JUDITH OPPENHEIM
Lack of funds to cover printing
costs has forced the Independent
Californian to switch from daily
to weekly publication, Editor Dan
Silver said yesterday.
The month-old publication is put
out by the former senior editorial
staff of the Daily Californian, the
student newspaper of the Univer-
sity of California at Berkeley.
The editors resigned their posts
on the Daily Cal last month in
protest to censure from the Exec-
utive Committee of the student
government.
Can't Meet Costs
Although 500 subscriptions have
been sold, Silver said the paper
can no longer afford the daily
printing costs. He feels the Inde-
pendent Cal can continue publish-
ing on a weekly basis, however,
because it can carry enough ads
to pay for publication.
University of California stu-
dents will vote today on a refer-
endum and two proposed amend-
ments to the student body consti-
tution concerning the Daily Cal.
Remove Control
One amendment would remove
Daily Cal control from the Execu-
tive Committee and vest it in a
special consultative board. The
other amendment provides for a
consultative board, but leaves
financial control of the Daily Cal
with the committee.
The referendum, initiated by
University of California students,
calls for reinstatement of the for-
mer editors by nullifying the stu-
dent government'sacceptanceof
the staff's resignation.
Need Approval
In order to pass, either of the
constitutional amendments must
receive approval of two-thirds of
the students voting.
The referendum requires only a
majority vote to pass, but Silver
doubts that any of the legislation
will succeed. "There are simply

boundaries, Tuskegee had 5,397
ites. Of the qualified voters, ap-I
Sproximately 600 were white, 400
Negro.
Justice Felix Frankfurter, who
spoke for the court, stressed at
this stage of the litigation the
court is not concerned with the
truth of the Negroes' allegations
that the 1957 Alabama law. known
as Act 140, was a device to disen-
franchise them in municipal elec-
tions.
He said the sole question before
the Supreme Court was whether
the Negroes were entitled to an
opportunity to prove in court that
they are being denied rights pro-
tected by the 15th Amendment.
This provides that no state may
discriminate in voting because of,
race, color or creed.
Act Extraordinary
But the court said the allega-
tions, if proved, "would abundant-
ly establish that Act 140 was not
an ordinary geographic redistrict-
ing measure even within familiar
a b us es of gerrymandering."
Frankfurter added:
"If these allegations upon a
trial remain uncontradicted or
unqualified, the conclusion would
be irresistible . . . that the legisla-
tion is solely concerned with seg-
regating white and colored voters
by fencing Negro citizens out of
town so as to deprive them of
their pre-existing municipal vote."
He went on to say that Ala-
bama has never suggested, either
in legal briefs or oral argument,
any other function which Act 140
is designed to serve.
Frankfurter said Alabama in-
voked generalities asserting the
state's unrestricted power to es-
tablish, destroy, or reorganize by
contraction or expansion its po-
litical subdivisions.
Frankfurter said a long line of
cases involving such things as an-
nexations and congressional re-
districting "has never acknow-
ledged that the states have power
to do as they will with municipal
corporations regardless of con-
sequences."
USSR Raises
Ruble Value
LONDON (P)-The Soviet Union
announced last night a new heavy
ruble, more nearly on a par with
the United States dollar in inter-
national trade, with an increase in
the ruble's gold content.

JOSEPH MOBUTU
. . will parade army
parliament, sent on vacation after
his bloodless coup d'etat last Sept.
14. Lumumba has a dominant ma-
jority in Parliament.
"All Lumumba has to do is to
sit it out until Parliament recon-
venes under UN pressure," a West-
ern diplomat said.
Kamitatu returned to his lux-
urious villa. A UN guard was
placed around his residence, which
was raided Thursday night by
more than 300 of Mobutu's sol-
diers.

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RELATES MUSICAL CAREER:
Born for Piano,'R insten Claims
By CAROLINE DOW
"I was born for the piano," concert pianist Artur Rubinstein
said as he finished practicing for his concert in Hill Aud. last night.
"Artists are born and show their talents almost immediately. I
had it easier than most. I was dead sure I was to play the piano at
age 4. My father wanted me to play the violin but I smashed the
first fiddle I ever had and my father didn't try to change me after
that," he said,
Candy Bribery
Bribed by bon-bons, at the age of six, in his native Warsaw, he
sat down at a piano before the first of his many thousand audiences
and played a Mozart sonata. Five years later, the violinist Joachim,
friend of Mendelssohn, Brahms, Schumann and Liszt, made one of
his last public appearances to present the prodigy to the musical
world of Berlin.
Many years later, seated with his hat and coat on deep in a
chair in the practice room of Hill Aud., Rubinstein said, "We mustn't
use the word 'success.'
"There were many geniuses in concentration camps who never
had a chance. Becoming great is a combination of luck, personality,
acquaintances, politics and many other'things."
Horrified By Germany