Seventy-First Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OP THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN hen Opinions Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Truth Wll Frev STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. RSDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1960 NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL BURNS Wayne Reverts to Conservatism On Communist Speakers Issue STEERING COMMITTEES: Comprehensives for Seniors? THE NEXT PRESIDENT: All In All,. Sahi Was Sahl By THOMAS HAYDEN Editor W ILL the University move to- ward a system of compresen- sive exams for the undergraduate? The problem, still awaiting pre- cise definition, was reviewed Tues- day at a joint meeting of the lit- erary college faculty curriculum committee and the student steer- ing committee. The meeting was good not only because of the values usually im- plicit in combined student-faculty deliberation, but because it served as an important prelude to next Tuesday's campus forum on com- prehensives. ** * a IN LOOSEST TERMS, a com- prehensive is that exam which, given late in a student's senior year, covers the broad implications of his academic major. Such an exam is relatively common on the graduate level, but only occasion- ally found in undergraduate pro- grams. What benefits are possible through its use? "The integration of knowledge," an unclear expres- sion at best, is most frequently suggested as the chief one. In Tuesday's meeting, members of both committees finally substi- tuted for the phrase a more pre- cisely-defined set of "possible good results:" * * * 1) MOTIVATION. If, as the stu- TN THE LAST month Wayne State University _V took one major step toward liberalism and then suddenly reversed itself and retreated two steps back toward a fear-inspired con- Lervatism. The university decided to lift its ban against Communist+ speakers at the WSU Board of Governor's meeting in September. The ban, which had been in effect for a decade, pre- vented any Communist (and presumably, any xuspected one) from addressing Wayne stu- dents or faculty on the school's facilities. The removal of the ban was not to be a wholesale invitation for crackpots or propa- gandists to speak at the school, WSU's pre- sident Clarence Hilberry believed. He thought the new policy was a step forward in academic freedom. The speakers he envisioned would be scientists or political theorists who would discuss the Soviet Union as it now exists and the underlying philosophies of the Com- munist movement. IS OFTEN very difficult for a single i university to initiate such a liberal policy. If the school is acting by itself and does not have a large endowment, the publicity that arises might destroy the school. A hostile attitude by the public is not a good atmosphere In which to golooking for finances. This is especially true with a state supported university. Wayne depends on the legislature for the major part of its operating and build- funds. Legislatures in Michigan have not been overly ready to turn over their funds to schools and colleges. The schools are more in- dependent than the other state agencies and hence are beyond the control of the legislature. No one likes to give away large sums of money and not be able to direct its spending. The legislature, in turn, is responsible to the people of the state. The universities, then, must establish and maintain good public relations the citizens of Michigan. WHEN A SCHOOL like Wayne revokes a long-standing policy and allows Com- munists to speak on campus and about com munism, there are going to be people who do not believe in this protection and extension of freedom of speech. In a nation which still bears traces of McCarthysm, in a country which still supports national congressional committees on Internal Securities and "Un- American" activities, in a land where people believe that every student demonstration is Communist-inspired, the amount of opposition to such a liberal stand is bound to be great. There proved to be no exception in the case of Wayne State. A member of one of the university's advisory boards resigned because the ban was lifted. He reasoned, "Communists are atheistic and destructive. Atheism is a principle doctrine of communism and Com- munists are working for the destruction of our political system." O Fanatic Detroiters carried the protest even further. They circulated petitions throughout the state and collected over 25,000 igna tures supporting their stand that "to grant Communist or pro-Communists permis- sion to speak on the WSU campus is to openly cooperate in the latest Communist campaign to capture and use student and youth groups." Ann Byerlen and Donald Lobsinger, the petitioning leaders, did not have to work hard to collect the signatures they wanted. "They came in so fast, we could hardly count them," they proudly told reporters. New York's Governor Rockefeller signed a petition and Michigan senatorial candidate Alvin Bentley (R-Owosso) took a public stand against the university's position. AN IMPORTANT spokesman for the univer- sity, Vice-President and Dean of the Law School Arthur Neef explained the pressure put upon his school. "We are desperately trying to maintain a policy that is educationally sound in a hostile community. This can not help but be reflected in our next appropriations from the state." Yet the university stood firm. Or at least it did for a little while. Support of the ban lifting was forthcoming from the other major state universities, the American Association of Uni- versity Professors, and the American Civil [iberties Union. WSU refused to allow the petitioners to disrupt a Board of Governors meeting in spite of a warning that the peti- tioners would go to Lansing and "have you people taken out of office." Apparently the school was going to stand by its liberal stand no matter what might happen. 1 HEN SUDDENLY WSU turned an abrupt about face and refused the use of the McGregor Memorial Center to an organization whose secretary was a Communist. As the ACLU was voting last Wednesday to endorse the lifting of the ban, the university notified Eelen Winter that her group, the Global Book Forum, would not be allowed into the center Friday night. the center and was going to have that con- tract enforced. Thus she and her lawyers requested an injunction forbidding the uni- versity to interefere with the holding of the meeting. In legal terminology, it was a "show cause" order that brought WSU to the court of Circuit Judge George E. Bowels last Friday morning. But the court appearance was only a tangible symbol of a university's sacrifice of truth and freedom for expedience and comfort. IN THE FIVE-HOUR sham court battle, Neef, who argued for WSU, claimed that the Global Books Forum had attempted to perpe- trate a "fraud" on the university. He said that the Forum was the same agency as the Global Book Store which Mrs. Winter owns. He said the group was motivated out of a commercial interest to sell books. Arguing for the plaintiff, attorney Ernest Goodman said the group's main purpose was to schedule public lectures and discussions on current topics. Books are displayed at meetings, but urging their sale was not a policy of the forum.- "The books are not important or necessary to the discussion," he added. "We will even agree not to sell them if it will make the uni- versity happy." Silver-haired Carl Haessler, an "unaffiliated left winger" who is chairman of the forum, was also not ready to accept Neef's contention that his organization was out to make money. "In all the meetings we held last year. our total receipts amounted to $30." AFTER NEEF and Goodman had addressed the court, it was pretty well apparent that the university had no legal stand for cancelling the meeting and that its action was prompted by an outside pressure on the university that was strong enough to force WSU to back away from reason. The specific reasons Wayne issued publicly in court were obviously ones that resulted from desperate late night meeting the evening be- fore the trial. The pressures to which Neef alluded were given out painfully by a man who was facing once again what is probably the most prevalent problem of his administrative career: How to reconcile the university's de- pendence on public funds with the desire for a citadel of learning impregnable to anything but truth. THE QUESTION of abridging free speech and right to assembly, the basic issue in the injunction proceedings, was not mentioned by Neef and only scantily touched on by Good- man. The Detroit Chapter of the ACLU, acted as a "friend of the court," brought the issue to the forefront. ACLU attorney Theordore Sachs charged that "basic rights have been seriolusly infringed upon and impaired." Sachs claimed that one a public facility such as the McGregor Center is made available to the community, all members of the public have a constitutional right to use it on equal terms. Wayne did not have to open any of its build- ings to the public if it didn't want to do it, but once a facility is given over to the com- munity, especially a building like McGregor, which was conceived and built as a conference center for public discussion, the university could not limit its use by arbitrary or preju- diced decision. Judge Bowles held the same opinion as the ACLU. He ruled that the denial of the facilities of McGregor Center was "discriminatory and capricious and in denial of constitutional rights." THE COURT DECISION and the action lead- ing up to it harmed the University in two ways. WSU, which had orginally tried to main- tain a policy that extended constitutional rights, was rebuked by the court for attempting to limit them. The liberal elements who gave their support to the school's original ban lifting now appeared reluctant to champion WSU's cause. More that a mere loss of allies to continue a battle against those seeking to restrict free speech and thought, Wayne seems to have lost the entire battle. Examine the reasons that pressured the school into backing down: the threat of 25,000 protest signatures, the possibility that the Hungarian students would demonstrate on campus, the feeling that the school might be embarrassed by a group that might be Communist propadandists, and the fear of a lower appropriations figure from the state legislature. F THIS IS THE courage Wayne State Uni- versity displays when a set of possibilities and likelihoods arise, how liberal a stand can they maintain on any issue when all the sig- natures are presented, when a few students do demonstrate, when (as has already happened) the court decision embarrases the school, and when the state give WSU a lower operating budget? Perhaps no university can stand alone and certainly no single one ought to be asked to. Area Exams at Chicago: An Abandoned Child EDITOR'S NOTE: The following article, printed on the editorial page of the University of Chicago Maroon recently, discusses the grad- ual elimination of comprehensives at Chicago. THE TIME has come to revive a dying question. The compre- hensive system, that formerly sturdy hybrid which once marked the annual flower of Spring, is rapidly becoming another of the vanishing signposts of the old col- lege. We view its passing with the greatest of regrets, for, in our view, the comprehensive idea was one of the soundest innovations and one of the most significant contributions that this University has presented to the academic world. * * * GRADES are supposedly an in- dex of a student's academic prow- ess. They are not a totally accur- ate means of analysis; the letter 'C' cannot speak fully to a stu- dent's imagination, drive, prepara- tion, class contribution, back- ground, and so forth. Such a grad- ing scheme is the best economical system yet devised. However, the fact that it is, at best, an approximation forces us to ever remember that which it ap- proximates. Here we come to the distinction which separates the educational idea of the "compre- hensive exam" and the more cur- rent doctrine. The old college buff would ar- gue that a grade represents a student's command of a field of knowledge; the new theorist would seem to hold that a grade approximates a student's excel- lence in a given course. * * * COMPREHENSIVES were intro- duced upon this campus in the thirties. They were conceived as a sort of area examination. For the first time in American education, degree requirements were stated not in terms of courses, but rather comprehensive examinations. A given exam was not tied to a given course; students taking the same comp could register for quite different sorts of preparatory! courses. The exams, which were not writ- ten or administered by the faculty presenting the courses, were in- tended to measure a student's grasp of a whole academic area. This total division between aca- demic lectures and tests was not maintained for long. By the 1940's specific courses had been con- structed to prepare students for specific exams, but the basic idea and ideal remained: what mat- tered most was a student's total and final grasp of a field. FOR THIS REASON, quarterly grades did not count. The prog- ress of the intellect through a new area mattered. less than did the place where that mind con- cluded its meanderings. It mattered little, at the end of the first quarter a student could barely conjugate the sim- plest French verb, provided that at the end of the year he could, read the language with clarity. Just because a grade did mat- ter to the student, it didn't mat- ter to the grader that the student began the year with great and grave deficiencies progressed slowly and stumbled frequently, as long as the Springtime found that student well prepared. *' * A COMPRENENSIVE examina- tion could be repeated over and over again, as long as the student remained an undergraduate. It was not necessary to retake the course to retake the comp, and the cost, which was quite small, covered only the clerical fees. Should a student not be satisfied with a comp grade, he could work to raise the grade: the highest grade received would become the final entry on his transcripts. By the current process of grad- ual elimination of the comp sys- tem, both of these great advan- tages are voided. Since some grade must be given, obviously quarterly grades become grades of records. And as daily class assignments then become part of the final grade, a poor record can no longer be improved by merely retaking one test; the entire course must be repeated. * ., * . THERE WERE FLAWS in the old system, not the least of which was a frequent tendency for stu- dents to put off all work until the last few weeks of the year and cram for the one test that counted. Others blithely put off, comps, knowing that they could take them whenever they wanted: fre- quently they remained "untaken". Others consistently failed to work up to capacity, relatively secure in the knowledge that by frequent comprehensive repetition, luck would sooner or later be with them. * * * THESE WERE REAL FLAWS; but to scrap the system to avoid these flaws is to throw out a most promising baby with the not too dirty bath water. We find it most disheartening to note that the humanities three staff has decided to substitute quarterly grades of record for comprehensive examinations. --The Chicago Maroon dent enters his major program, he is directly given the responsibility for continued, thoughtful analy- sis of his chosen discipline, he will benefit educationally. The ap- proaching comprehensive operates in this sense as a stimulant or, perhaps, a threat. 2) Organization. The student's insights may be deepened if he en- gages in the process of noticing relationships between the various ideas embodied in his separate university courses. Through a com- prehensive exam, for example, a history major might be able to better visualize distinctions and similarities in the patterns of thought of the British and Chi- nese. Or a student of sociology might see his discipline as a mean- ingful network of ideas (if in fact it is) rather than a congeries of vaguely-similar courses. * * * ~ FURTHER, a comprehensive might not just sample the stu- dent's accumulated knowledge; in- stead, it might provide a test of skills, or capacity to imaginatively handle new material. Finally, the comprehensive might shift some departmental emphasis from graduate study and research to the undergradu- ate student. The hypothetical drawbacks to the comprehensive system involve questions both of administrative procedure and actual effect on'the student. ' * * TO WHAT EXTENT, for in- stance, is the comprehensive con- trary to the specializing tenden- cies of many departments? What kind of examination would be giv- en a student concentrating not just in political science, but in. specific departmental area, such as "Africa?" Is the curriculum currently structured so as to permit the in- jection of a comprehensive exami- nation late in a student's program of study? Is machinery available for administering and grading the tests? What importance would be attached to the grade? How would it be determined? , . Would the comprehensive ac- tually enforce problems It is in- tended to help break down, such as the obsession with isolated ideas (to what degree should he isolate the meaning of his disci- pline from other disciplines?) or student worries about The Grade ("If I don't get a B on my com- prehensive, my job opportunities are ruined!") * * * ' WOULD THE STUDENTS con- tinue to "branch out" freely in other fields if they were wary of the strenuous comprehensive ap- proaching in their particular dis- cipline? Are certain fields, e.g., the nat- ural sciences, less appropriate than others for comprehensives? These are a few of the implica- tions such a vast change In col- lege policy might have. However, the change could be more moder- ate If one of several alternative proposals are adopted; these in- clude the possibility of senior pa- pers, or an independent study pro- gram under which all students In a certain field would be respon- sible for various readings in the most significant literature of that field. . What is encouraging these pre- liminary discussions is the active- student-faculty analysis of the questions, which indicates the pos- sibility of an eventual conclusion (sometimes a rare occurrance at a university). Hopefully, further progress in clarification will emerge from the open meeting next week. "LADIES and gentlemen, the next President, Mort Sahl," the voice announced, and the tall nervous young man walked out on the stage and began his show to an audience which was very full in the balcony, and sparse in the front row seats. Sahl did much of his usual routine-most of it taken from con- temporary news-referring to the Mitchell and Martin incident, "When I went .to Russia, I took this girl, see-if you take a guy they think you're defecting." He laughed harshly at himself and scratched his head. Claiming that he wasn't going to talk about the campaign, he immediately launched into a discussion of what would happen if Kennedy was elected -with scattered audience reaction. "You see, its like the election -one of you hissed, one applauded, and the rest of us are all victims." THE TWO MAJOR themes from which he digressed, were the reli- gious issue, and the comparison of candidates-during which he spent considerable time knocking the campaign - as everyone had hoped.' After a short altercation with the lighting technician, who seemed to be changing carbons during the show, Sahl went on to the Great Debates-as he puts it "those two giants of passion fac- ing each other." "Nixon stands there and talks about getting your children to bed before Truman comes on, and Kennedy keeps talking about the, gross national product." Going on with the campaign, he referred to our foreign policy as "so flexible that it allows us to lose whole nations, while retain- ing their leaders," and Eisen- hower's campaigning for Nixon' as "an unfortunate blot on his record of not being involved in American politics" which prob- ably got the biggest laugh of the evening. * * * "NIXON has a stronger run- ning mate, the papers say-you konw, he knows how to stand up to the Reds-his Job in the UN was to sit there, denying flights, while the Russians sat truculently across the table, re-assembling the plane." As for critique: All in all, Sahl was Sahl, but somehow the transi- tion from nightclub to auditorium was never quite made--and it just wasn't as cutting as the midnight show at the Crescendo. Sahl was accompanied by the Limeliters, a group of folksingers who sang subversive songs, some of them in Russian, --Faith Weinstein LIMELITERS: And BadO'An THE LIMELITER S-Lou Gott- lieb, Alex Hassilev, and Glen Yarborough - are typical of a number of recent groups who have discovered' that folks like folk music. These groups range from frank- ly commercial prostitution to seri- ous attempts at intepretation of traditional music. The Limeliters 'are serious mu- sicians trying to do something of value musically while earning a livingat it. They all sing, and sing very well. Their harmony is excellent, and their arrangements show imagination and good taste. S ** S UNFORTUNATELY in trying to interpret for a mass audience they sacrifice too much of the feeling of the traditional music. Folk music is a highly subjective and emotional art that requires an understanding of the music and its origins. Arrangements and techniques may change, but it is the communication to others that is the vital element. Here the Limeliters fail. To. reach a mass audience, they have changed the music until its only value is com- mercial. Their most enjoyable songs are their comedy numbers such as "Have Some Mareira, My Dear-a," and "Gari-Gari." They do these with an uninhibited vigor that is quite refreshing. In conclusion, the Limeliters are probably the best of the commer- cial singers of folk songs and good entertainers. As folk musicians, they leave altogether too much to be desired. -Howard Abrams ' L DAILY OFFICIALBULLETIN The Daily Offieal Bulletin is an official publication of The Univer- sity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to, Room 3519 Administration Building, before 32p.m. two days preceding publication. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 27 General Notices The Mary L. Hinsdale Scholarship amounting to $148.12 (interest on the endowment fund) is available to single undergraduate women, who are wholly or partially self-supporting and who do not live in University Residence Halls or sorority houses. Qrls with better' than average scholarship and need will be considered. Application blanks are. available from the Alumnae Secretary, Alumni Memorial Hall and should be filed by Nov. 4. Award will be granted for use during the second semester of the current academic year,- 1980-41 _ _ . LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: UN Civil Service Idea Gains Support To the Editor: IN A RECENT speech at the University of Michigan, Sena- tor John Kennedy asked Amer- ica to recognize her responsibility in world affairs. He called upon members of the academic com- munity to contribute their tal- ents for the purpose of aiding the developing countries of Asia, Af- rica and Latin America. Short- ly after, Representative Chester Bowles visited this university. He complemented Senator Kennedy's remarks by a plea for an expand- ed International Civil Service of the United Nations. In response to their challenge for an individual approach to foreign affairs, we have formed the Americans Committed to World Responsibility. We wish to express our willingness to meet this challenge. Our purpose is to urge the United States Govern- ment to expand our Foreign Serv- ice and to actively work towards an expansion of an International Civil Service of the United Na- tions. These large-scale programs would send young, capable doc- tors, engineers, teachers and the like to the developing countries of the world that ask for assistance. Our thought is that at present such trained people are often de- Bowles and Vice-President Nixon, either pledging their personal par- ticipation in such programs or expressing their support. We also urge interested persons to write to Senator Kennedy and Repre- sentative Bowles asking them to spell out in greater detail their ideas along these lines. We sug- gest that they write to Vice-Presi- dent Nixon requesting him to in- dicate his position on the prob- lem. In particular we would like them to show wherein their plans differ from what already exists. Address letters to: Americans Committed to World Responsibil- ity c/o Kennedy for President 261 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington 1, D.C. c/o Nixon-Lodge Headquarters Washington, D.C. 1625 Eye Street, N.W. Washington 6, D.C. To develop our program on a long term basis, we need the names of individuals who are interested and wish to be contacted in re- gard tohour continuing work. We hope that organizations will be established on other campuses which will co-ordinate their ef- forts with ours. It is our ultimate To the Editor: WANT to add my wholehearted endorsement to the efforts of the group "Americans Committed to World Responsibility." In these days of immense change, with the world in foment and a growing sense of urgency about America's position in it, I consider it to be imperative that we actively as- sume our responsibility as citizens by pledging our efforts to a spreading of American Ideals throughout the world. The partici- pation of our teachers, profes- sionals, and students in an active way is an important step in this process, Even though the call for this participation came from Senator Kennedy, I do not consider it to be a partisan political issue. Rather, it is an American effort, recognizing the forces and needs of the 1960's. and deserving the interest and support of all re- sponsible citizens. For this reason, I strongly urge you to become a part of the movement. -Richard L. Cutler Psychology Department To The Editor: J WAS happy to read Judith and Allan Guskin's enthusiastic that for once the students will shake off their apathy and get interested in this great issue. -Ingrid Hendrick Belgium To the Editor: EVER SINCE this campaign be- gan we have wished for a ways to demonstrate our conviction that the real issue which faces Ameri- cans at this time is whether or not we are willing to take respon-, sibility for the welfare of, the world community, instead of en- trenching ourselves behind out- moded lines of national defense. Now we learn that concerned students are organizing a group, "Americans Committed to World Responsibility" and are proud to know that young people of our academic community have had the imagination and courage to pro- pose this practical commitment to a course of action which .we hope both political parties will support. WE HOPE that other "oldsters" like ourselves will feel that this is . not only a commitment for young people to make. Already many members of this University, have given one or more years of useful service in the "developing" areas of the world.and orrtm. and will be announced by the end of this semester. Woodrow Wilson Fellowships. Nom- ir~ations for Woodrow Wilson fellow- ships for the academic year 1980-81 for first year graduate work leading to a career in college teaching are due Oct. 31, 1960. Only faculty members may' nominate candidates. Letters of nomi- nation should be sent to Prof. Frank Grace, Department of Political Science, University of Michigan. College of Engineering Faculty Meet- ing: Oct. 27, Thurs., 4:15 p.m. Room 317, Undergraduate Library (Multi-Pur- pose Room). Political Cartoon Exhibit:' A collec- tion of original current political car- toons in the display caseon the first floor of the Michigan Union. Because of the number of cartoons to. be ex- hibited, the display will be changed several times during this week. Events Friday Astronomy Department Viitors' Night. Fri., Oct. 28, 8:00 p.m., Room 2003 An- ge11 Hall. Alan H. Barrett, Lecturer and Research Associate, will speak on "The Planets and -Their Properties." After the lecture theStudent Observa- tory on the fifth floor of Angell Hall will be open for inspection and for telescopic obaerft~tions of the moon and a-planet. Children welcomed, but must be accompanied by adults.. World's Fair: Fri., Oct. 28 from 7 p.m. to midnight. Sat., Oct. 29 from 1 p.m. to midnight.'Twenty international expositions, Pour 18-act variety shows at 8 and 10 p.m. both nights. Informa- tive and enjoyable. Psychology colloquium: Dr. Oscar Oeser, Chairmpan, Dep't. of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Australia, will speak on "Information and the Mak- ing of Decisions; Ecological Approach," B. Coffee in 3417, Mason Hail at 3:45 p.m. Doctoral Examipation for Carleton Douglas Creelman, Psychology; thesis: ",Human Discrimination of' Auditory Duration," Fri., Oct. 28, 3405 Mason Hall, at noon. Chairman, W. P. Tanner, Jr. Placement Notices The Board of Education of the Meth- odist' Church winl have a representative at the Bureau of Appointments on Oct. 31 and Nov. 1 to interview prospective teachers in the fields of English, Psy- chology, Sociology, Economics, Guid. ance, and Librarians. For any additional information and appointments contact the Bureau of Appointments, 3528 Admin. Bldg., NO 3-1511, Ext. 489. PERSONNEL REQUESTS: The Mead Corp. Chillicothe,,0.-Op- portunity as Asst. to Director of Em- ployee Communication. Journalism or English grad preferred. E'1xperience in nd. Publications :Editing, layout and graphic arta production. Age 30-35. Argus Cameras, Ann Arbor-Opening as Personnel Asst, for recent graduate (or Jan. 1941' M.A. candidate.)' with ma-