Seventy-First Year r EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Opinions Are Fre* UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS th Will Prevail"STUDENT PUBLICATIONs BLDG. * ANN ARDOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241, orials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL: Examination of Growing Needs AY, OCTOBER 22 1960 NIGHT EDITOR: SUSAN FARRELL Calendaring Changes And Conservatism [ANS for re-organizing the, University calendar crop up fairly frequently, raise ertain amount of fuss, and die down again, the University, with a minimum of change, btles back into its accustomed pattern, 'hese plans are all developed to provide re of something: educational quality, ntity, efficiency, speed. The latest kick he trimester system, designed for maxi- mn space use and the quickest effective dent processing. But this plan is' just one the more recent of a long line of ideas. 'he University has had a long history calendaring squabbles-with Study Com- tees, extensive reports, and a good deal lwill on the part of many of the factions cerned. HE MOST recent controversy was in 1958, when, after considerable wrangling, a endar Study Committee came up with an borate report recommending fairly drastic ,nges in the calendar. They wanted to k to the semester system, changing it t enough to eliminate the "lame duck" dlon, between Christmas vacation and ins. This would have required beginning first semester on Sept. 1, and shortening exam periods by a week in order to com- te the first semester by Christmas. They :wanted to lengthen the mid-term vaca- i to one month, and finish the second ester by the end of May. EIS PLAN was to have gone into effect next fall. But numerous groups com- ined bitterly-intercollegiate activities felt s change would ruin their schedules, stu- ts said they could not get summer jobs t ended so early, the forestry department I the committee that their student jobs i Sept. 15, and no earlier. o, in the end the plan was junked, a r committee was appointed and the pre- t calendar was passed, with no change In the old one, except for a slight length- ng of the lame-duck session. The Univer- 's conservatism won out again. UT THE same inadequacies in the semester system that plagued the past Calendar Committees, and originally aroused the plea, for change have remained unchanged over the years. Teachers still complain about the awkward length of the lame-duck session, the 15-week semester is still usually either too long or too short for the kind of subject matter covered, and the two-week examina- tion period has neither the advantages of Harvard's 20-day reading period, nor the efficency of the one-week session recommend- ed by the 1958 calendaring report. The problems remain, and new solutions are being worked out yearly. Michigan State is quite successfully using the quarter system; perhaps a like organization could be worked out successfully here, making up for the shortened course length by an increase in the number of courses in continutity, like the present History 33, 34 series. This would both break the semester at a logical place, and allow for longer and shorter courses which would better suit the needs of the individual professor and student. TFHE TRIMESTER system has various ad- vantages-the availability of the long third semester which students could take off for independent scholarship or tuition- earning, the conservation of space and time could all be quite workable if handled with, great flexibility and good administrative sense. Colleges and universities across the coun- try have experimented with these and other plans since 1958. New ideas arise continually, pressure for admissions and for educational differentiation increases. And yet, with the current calendar about to run out, in June of 1962, the University has made no plans to set up a new Calendaring Committee to study these new ideas. A Study Committee must be set up by Spring, 1961, if it is to be effective for the 1962-63 calendar. Sec- retary to the University Erich Walter said that it would be set up again only if there was considerable demand for change. Con- siderable demand for change, or at least for study of new ideas, is vitally necessary for the University's institutional progress. --FAITH WEINSTEIN By CAROLINE DOW Daily Staff Writer Education shall forever be encouraged." Students and homecoming alumni may recall the ending of the inscription on Angell Hall. This is taken from the North- west ordinance written in 1787, it is still true. "An institution of higher learning cannot long sur- vive unless it anticipates to- morrow's needs today." President of the University, James B. Angell said this to the Detroit alumni in 1902. This is still true. This University's needs are large and growing, as is its re- sponsibility to educate thinking citizens for tomorrow. Good faculty and experts must still be paid, buildings still have to be built and books bought. These needs are the responsibility of every citizen. How are these met? It costs the University, on the average, $1,000 to educate a fresh- man or a sophomore, $2000 for a junior or a senior and $4000 for a graduate student for one year. The University makes up the dif- ference between this figure and tuition fees. The University budget, includ- ing self-supporting projects such as the residence halls, is around $100 million. The state gives about $30 million and 1958-59 student fees came to almost $10 million. More money than is provided by the state and students in needed to uphold University standards and keep good faculty here while keeping tuition costs within range of most students. This deficit is partly made up by the responsible community of alumni and friends of the University. Actually more than one half of the University's plant and equipment (about $120 million) have been obtained from sources other than state appropriations, through gifts, bequests and self- liquidating projects. * N ALMOST $9 MILLION was given, in gifts and grants during the year 1959. Each year the giving grows, costs rise and the need for trained personnel and educated citizens grows. To keep its high standards, the University needs support in two ways. It needs advice and evalua- tion from alumni to keep curricula up to date, and it needs money to attract and keep good faculty and students and keep the physi- cal plant equal to the growing needs of the University. * * * TWO ORGANIZATIONS are directly concerned with meeting these needs, the Alumni Asso- ciation and the Development Council. The Alumni Association keeps alumni in contact with each other and encourages them to keep up their interest in the wel- fare and doings of the "alma mater". The Development Council ac- quaints alumni and friends of the University with the growing needs of education and asks help to meet them. Programs sponsored by the Development Council include stu- dent aid (such as the loan fund), scholarships and fellowships, re- search and research equipment, recognition of distinguished, teaching, the President's Fund, the Phoenix project of peacetime atomic energy research and a foreign student exchange program. FOR THESE and general sup- port of the University the Deve- lopment asks alumni and others to give. Alumni especially should feel conscious of the need for minimally maintaining the same standards they enjoyed while at the University. These cannot be maintained without the continued and growing support of alumni. The Development Council and the Alumni Association are two separate organizations with slight- ly overlapping interests. The Council, an outgrowth of the fund drives for the Phoenix project, is, a University organ under the directorship of Vice-President for University Relations Lyle Nelson. The Alumni Association, while part of its budget comes from the University, is an independent organization of-alumni for alumni. Both organizations are in per- sonal and written communication with the world-wide scattered alumni. There has been some question whether the two organ- izations should be joined to avoid duplication of communication ef- forts and appeals from the Uni- versity. * * * LAST JUNE A study group of the Alumni Association came up with four general objectives of the Association. They included the public relations functions of directing good students to the University, and interpreting the University to outside communities. The other two objectives- were to encourage alumni to provide professional and general advice to maintain the balance and direction in policy and curricula and to raise funds. A question arose on how the Association should add to University revenue. One group felt they should co- operate with existing fund raising organs and another felt,. the As- sociation itself should raise funds, since it was already in contact with Alumni. The question is one of policy., Should the Alumni Association oconcentrate on the social and public relations side, or should it become concerned with fund raising? Would the two different philosophies, of fund raising and encouragement of social contact among Alumni, impair each other when under the same direction and staff? A SUB-COMMITTEE of the study committee was formed last June to examine the relationship of the Association to the Develop- ment Council. This sub-committee is composed of both Alumni As- sociation and Development Coun- cil members. Although the sub- committee has not reported yet,, the existence of the committee is a point of positive progress to- ward a solution of the conflict. Its very existence potentially brings a solution of the. conflict closer. As it now stands, the Council is a University organ and the Alumni Association is independent. If the. Alumni Association were to raise funds for the University, would the University or the Alumni As- sociation have control over the funds? Assuming that the Uni- versity is in the best position to allocate funds wisely, should not the University have more control over the funds? The question then is: is the duplication of efforts and funds used in supporting two overlap- ping organizations necessary for each to perform their major tasks of public relations and fund rais- ing to best advantage? At any rate, both the funds and good relations are needed. an off-beat. with other, ment. t . * THEREFORE, there is a "pres- sure of publicity" through the galleries and mass media, forcing the artist to do something new. Critical approval is also neces- sary for art artist to sell his work, Calkins added. "But the artist believes in the new. The artist is the foe of the mundane; he is always experienc- ing things, like facets of character and truth, and the,. meaning of color, and exploring brushstroke, illusion, and paint. "Although the artist is more in- troverted in creation than the critic," Calkins said, "he is also dependent on experience. The art- ist must find himself, in giving forms to his opinions, experiences,. and dreams. Ex'amples of this are Renoir's view of the good life, and Van Gogh's pictures of his confinement. * * "THE.bARTIST looks at the world about him," and is involved in the question of where his. art is, in relation to others." Calkins also pointed out that artists are concerned with newt developments both in thought and technique. "Critics and artists are in two camps: those concerned with taste, or good design and techniques, and those concerned with 'guts' or expression." Several types of influences on artists were singled out by Cal- kins. NEW PHILOSOPHIES interest the artist; in our time, the exis- tentialist philosophy has been ex- pressed in the "sad, bitter atti- tude, and crumbling eroded feel- ing" of the work of painters like Bernard Buffet, and deKooning. Developments in technique are of constant interest to artists. In the past such men as Leonardo and Durer were greatly concerned with technique, and today we have artists which arrange bits of bur- lap on canvas for new visual ef- fects. Substitution of the experiencing of the materials of art for experi- encing of the object" is another ! interest of the creator, Calkins said. * * * FINALLY, the "search for self- identity and a unique style, in which .he finds himself in his work, is vital to the aritst." But, he added, an artist can become stuck with a novelty which be- comes popular, and so stagnate. The one condition necessary for successful art, in this multitude of concerns, is "sustained aware- ness," the artist insisted. "This arouses a responsive awareness in the observer. The end of art is this crystallizing of the state of awareness.' fame, like a one-man forms of entertain- circus; however, he must compete AT THE CASS: Raisin RadianFtt WARMTH, humor and gentle dignity-these are the quali- ties of Lorraine Hansberry's play, "Raisin in the Sun." They are also the qualities of its star, Claudia McNeil. On stage at the Cass Theatre in Detroit through next Saturday the drama spins a- delicate web of laughter and pathos that arrests and charms its audience. The story of a Negro family in Chicago, it is perhaps the great- est tribute to the author and cast that "Raisin in the Sun" is neither social document nor anguished protest. It is a simple history of people. * * * THERE is the man with great ambitions who Is saddled, he thinks, with a woman "who tells you to eat your eggs. and go to work." There is the college girl flitting from one form of "expres- sion" to another-acting, guitar lessons, Nigerian folk dunces. There is the mother who sees her values -rejected by her chil- dren. All of these are played with tremendous vitality and under- standing and all of these charac- ters are made more complex by the fact of their color. It is just because the play concentrates on the human conflicts that its point about racial conflict is so poig- nantly made. 4' * AUTHOR AND CAST delicately balance humor with violence con- fIlict and probing character analy- sis. Unfortunately the audience did not always understand where one began and the other ended. Douglas-Turner, as the 35-year- old son who uses his race as an excuse for money-worship, was not consistently convincing in his serious scenes. He became, rarely but damagingly, a caricature. But a little overzealous acting can't entirely explain the mis- placed laughter from the audience that marred some of his most pas- sionate speeches. CLAUDIA McNEIL, with a sen- sitive and beautifully timed performance, conveyed all the strength and pride of the mother with all of her sorrow and her hope. She> was a joy to watch. From first curtain-a bustling comic opening-to the last glimpse of Miss McNeil, "Raisin in the Sun" is a simply stated lesson in love, lovingly acted, -. A. H. FORSYTHE GALLERY: Artist Searches For Innovations By JUDITH SATTLER Daily Staff Writer "THE ARTIST is always trying to make something brand new," said King Calkins, chairman of the art department of Eastern Michi- gan University, in a talk at the Forsythe Gallery Thursday. Discussing modern art from the artist's standpoint, Calkins as- serted that with the rise of the merchant middle class, culture fell below the level of the artist, and so- he became independent and, bohemian, turning away from the public. As an independent, the artist experiments, and sometimes achieves r PROVED AT PITT: Trimester Calendaring Works TODAY AND TOMORROW Diplomatic Infighting By WALTER LIPPMANN E LATE John Foster Dulles used constant- y to preach that the cardinal rule in diplo- y was, as he put it, to seek "to prevent war preventing miscalculation by a potential 'essor. "This, he said, meant a "policy of ing clear our position in advance ... We learned by hard experience that failure hake our position known in advance makes more likely because then an aggressor may .alculate." He was thinking, of course, of Kaiser in the first World War, Hitler in the rd, and of the Soviet and its North Korean lite in the Korean war. hy is it then that during this campaign we being told by Mr. Nixon's supporters that opposite is true, that it is often better not raw the line at which you intend to fight, it is often better to keep the adversary sing? This is the thesis which Mr. Lodge is ounding and this, is the question taken by e" magazine in discussing the lamentable noy-Matsu issue. Was Mr. Dulles wrong a he called upon the country "to make r our position in advance" of a potential ession? What has happened to make it a ie to keep the adversary guessing about her you will or whether you will not de- a particular territory? ERE is a strong case to be made that John 'oster Dulles was wrong in his doctrine. that is not what has brought about this rsal of the Republican doctrine. What has >ened is that Mr. Nixon has chosen to "ex- "-the word is from "Life" magazine-the uncomfortable predicament in which, rist our will and judgment, we are trapped. 955, when we made the treaty guaranteeing niosa and the Pescadores, President Eisen- er and Secretary Dulles refused to include noy and Matsu. They tried to persuade ,ng Kai-shek to evacuate those islands, and n he refused, being supported by powerful es both inside the Administration and in Senate, President Eisenhower and Secre- Dulles invented a formula, deliberately .e, as a face-saving compromise. 1e formula was to satisfy Chiang and his ids who wanted a guarantee of the offshore ids, and it was to satisfy a majority of the te who did not wish to guarantee the off- t islands. E WHOLE THING is a monument to the ailure of the Eisenhower administration to y through its own policy, and to define can- r and openly the commitments of the Unit- to negotiate with Chiang in order to disen- tangle us, and he would try to do what the President himself wanted to do, to do what the principles and convictions of John Foster Dul- les called for. He would like, if he can induce Chiang to agree, "to make clear our position in advance" of hostilities. It is slanderous to call this appeasement and surrender. ALONG THIS LINE of campaigning there is something more to be said about Mr. Nixon's many references to "regrets" about the U-2. To hear Mr. Nixon talk, one would suppose Sen. Kennedy had said that the President should don sackcloth and ashes, and go barefoot and on his knees up the steps of the Kremlin. To hear Mr. Nixon talk, one would suppose that the formal expression of diplomatic regrets about the violation of another country's terri- tory was something that no loyal American and no genuine anti-Communist would ever dream of. Mr. Nixon does not have much diplomatic experience and he has very little knowledge of the history and practices of diplomacy and no accurate knowledge of the diplomatic record of the Administration to which he belongs. For in 1958, according to the "New York Times" of Feb. 2, the United States sent apologies to the Soviet Union because a United States Air Force jet made an accidental flight over East German territory. In June 1958, when the Soviet Union shot down an unarmed American transport over Soviet Armenia, the United States in a note to the Soviet government, denied that the transport had deliberately violated Soviet ter- ritory. But it added, "If, in fact, the aircraft .. inadvertently . . . crossed the Soviet fron- tier, the government of the United States re- grets that fact." This year, moreover, the Eisenhower-Nixon administration expressed its "sincere regrets" to Castro's government because a private plane of Castro's Cuban enemies had taken off from American territory, eluding our airport patrols. SO WHAT IS THE POINT of making such a fuss about Sen. Kennedy's point that he would have liked to settle the U-2 affair by expressing the regrets which are normal diplo- matic practice? Mr. Nixon talks as if, by not expressing regrets, we had avoided an "intelli- gence gap," had protected ourselves against a Pearl Harbor. But have we? The U-2 flights have been suspended, and moreover, now that the whole affair has been blown up to an un- forgettable importance, they can never be re- sumed. By PHILIP SHERMAN Daily Staff Writer THE trimester system appears to be better than most Univer- sity people concerned with cal- endaring seems to be ready to admit. At least, their comments which have appeared in The Daily's news columns seem to indicate they are objecting to aspects of the plan, pioneered by the University of Pittsburgh, which do not exist. Here is a comparison of com- ments by the University officials and Pitt officials who talked about the same problems: Item: "As a teacher, I don't think a 15-week semester is an adequate substitute for the pres- ent length. You can't get that much done-there is only a cer- taini amount of course content you can fit into a shorter time. "We might raise the semester length by cutting down on the final exam period, but the Uni- versity's traditional emphasis on final exams would tend to make the faculty reject this idea." A PITT OFFICIAL has said the compression from 16 to 15 weeks is "minor with no educational values lost. . . . We don't think education is a function of hours. and experience to date indicates we're right." Pitt has also projected abolition of the final exam period com- pletely, hoping professors will "grow out" of this method of evaluation while admitting some sort of compromise in the offing. (There is something to be said for both positions, but a small shortening of the semester might cause professors to tighten their presentation a little, possibly im- proving it, though this would de- pend on the course. And to say an emphasis on finals is tradi- tional as an argument to retain them seems unnecessarily conser- vative.) ITEM: THE MAIN reason for trimesters is to increase output. Pitt's reasons included this ob- jective, but Pitt administrators say they had better ones. They would have adopted trimester for the following "philosophical rea- sons" even if "output" would not have been increased: 1) "We feel our objective at Pitt is to cater to a student public interested in both liberal and pro- fessional degrees but it takes too long to do both. We had to re- duce the time. 2) "In many fields the scope of knowledge has expanded so much that even in the customary time, .+uidn+~ .n't+ nno a wi+h h. (IT IS UNFAIR OF THE Uni- versity people to ascribe solely the crass reason to Pitt's program. The second philosophic reason is at best tenuous, unless expand- ed, but at least the first and third are reasonable basis for a new calendar. (The first reason is to an ex- tent pragmatic, but its objective is to increase arts study. Both the first and the third partially ignore the fact that a four-year college experience embodies more than classroom experience. But because of the increasing pressure on universities, a compromise on this line may be altogether rea- sonable. * . - ITEM-"THERE IS A danger, though, of assembly-line educa- tion. There are frightening paral- lels between higher education and industrial processing-"just listen to the trimester phrases-like 'ef- fective use of plant.' How can you judge educational efficiency with the standards of business?" Pitt people didn't answer this directly, mainly because the re- porter didn't think to ask them. But, it is obvious from their tone that they consider educational and business efficiency as two different things. There is no ex- cuse for treating them the same, but there is also no excuse for inefficient business operations if efficiency in this area does not handicap education. State money is hard enough to get as it is. ALSO, ANYONE WHO has been through registration notes some already existing parallels to in- , dustrial processing which hints this may be a difficulty associat- ed with size, not ealendar. Item-Trimester will cost more. Pitt administrators say "trimes- ters are a matter of increasing production without increasing overhead proportionally." (This issue is hard to resolve for the two groups seem to be talking about two different things. But Pitt has trimeser, and it does keep expense accounts. It gets no royalty for "selling" the idea.) Item - Evtra faculty will be needed to teach the extra time periods to accommodate the ex- tra students. PITT'S PLAN INCREASES fac- ulty output by having teachers teach more people during a year, not by adding teachers. (By increasing the capacity of the third term of the year, and consequently altering the vacation schedule. this is done. Where a program, and many types of ex- perimentation going on; this is left out of trimester. Pitt says the summer sessions are little more than "extra" for "traditional grinds" and people catching up. They need added spark, which is what the trimes- ter does. (Besides, why can't experimen- tation and special programs be carried on during the year?) Item - Trimester goes against the prevailing social patterns of American society-the summer va- cation. * * ,* PITT REPORTS 3,200 FULL equivalent students, double the hoped-for number for the first year. More are expected, - until capacity is reached. The conservative argument is again invalid-if there is absolute- ly no reason for the sanctity of present social patterns if other conditions, like educational needs, demand their change. What does all this add up to? Not that the University should ac- cept trimester scheduling, but only that its representatives take time to focus their opinions on the real issues involved. Based. on their comments, it appears doubtful that they have. AT CINEMA GUILD: Fields' 'Bank Dick' Classic Slapstick AS EGBERT Souse, W. C. Fields directs the filming of a motion picture, unwittingly traps a bank robber, and becomes a bank dick- all as a result of one day's worth of shenanigans. At his favorite DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN (Continued from Page 2) ates: Any major. Openings: Revenue Officers (anymajor) and Revenue Agents (Accounting). 2) Railroad Retirement Board-Grad- uates: Mathematics. Openings: Statisti- cians (men & women), Actuary (men). 3) Social Security Administration - Graduates: All majors. Openings: Claims Representative Trainees (men & wom- en). Student Assistants, junior (men & women). 4 U.S. Civil Service Commission -- Graduates: All majors. Mr. Butterbach will represent the entire Civil Service Commission and will provide informa- tion about the various departments and position for placement anywhere in the U.S. Graduates who pass the gen- eral test under the PSEE may be quali- fied for the new salaries effective this date. (GS5, $4,345/year, GS-7, $5,355/ year.) Procter & Gamble (Sales Division), Detroit-Graduates: Feb., Jun., Aug. General Liberal Arts. Location: Any- where in U.S. The ;Sales Division of- fers opportunities to men who have a basic interest in selling and - the ca- pacity and abilities to enable them with hard work to progress to posi- tions of management responsibility. On-the-job training is stressed. WED~, OCT. 26, 1960 A.M.- Ohio Oil Company (a.m.) Lansing Sales Division-Location of work: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Kentucky, available to students. Applications for these jobs can be made in the Non- Academic Personnel Office, Room 1020 Administration Building, during the followng hours: Monday through Fri- day, °8:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Employers desirous of hiring students for part-time worlq should contact Bill Wenrich, Student Interviewer at NOr- mandy 3-1511. extension ,2939. Students desiring miscellaneous odd. lobs should consult the bulletin board in Room 1020, daily. MALE 3-Salesmen --graduate students pre- ferred, comnission basis. 21-Psychological subjects, hours to be arranged. 3-Meal jobs, 2-Waiters (mean and evening hours), 2-Bellboys-Busboys (hours to be ar- ranged). 2-Experienced clothing salesmen (1-5 p.m., Monday-Friday). 1--Apartment in exchange for jani- torial work (married couple). 3-Rooms in exchange for light work, part, payment. 1-Married couple to do light work in exchange for room and board. 3-Load and unload boxes of books (Friday morn.. Oct. 28). 1-Porter (4-10. p.m. Monday-Friday, all day Saturday).! 2-Stock boys (1-5 p.m.. Monday-Fri- day. and all day Saturday)., 1-Snack-Bar helper (Saturdays, from 10 p.m.- a.m. and 10. a.m.-1 p~m.). hangout, the Black Pussy Cafe, he meets the typical villain, a charle- tan who has worthless stocks for sale. He then convinces his future son-in-law, a teller, to "borrow" $500 from the bank to invest in the stock. The resulting escapades in "The Bank Dick" are all classic slaV- stick humor. When the bank ex- aminer comes to look at the books, our hero, Egbert Souse (perfect pun on the name if you leave off the French accent) slips the un- suspecting, dignified bank exami- ner a mickey, then leaves him, in a hotel room to the mercy of his stomach. When that doesn't work, a heavy foot on the poor man's spectacles is tried. The plot pro- ceeds, and so does the examiner. * * * AT THIS POINT, the second of the original bank robbers comes back and forces our inebriated bank dick to accompany him on another classic; the chase. An old open car, shooting cops fast be- hind and the proceeding goose chase uphill, downhill and all around the town. There is the scene where an engine drops out of the moving car, the.brakes fail going down a narrow mountain road, and so on. Of course the humor is slap- stick, but of the best, so if slap- stick is what you like, then you should enjoy "The Bank Dick." However, to those of us who gre- fer more sophisticated comedy, stereotyped actions of an inebri- ated souse are a mite trying.