THE 13ICHIGAN DAILY
J.S. Bans.
Exports
to Cuba
Foods
Except
Medicines,
n
AT FRIENDSHIP 'U':
Soviets Offer Education
Free to Foreign Students
MOSCOW WA -- Money Is one
thing the Asians, Africans and
Latin Americans attending Mos-
cow's new Friendship University
don't have to worry about.
The students told foreign news-
men touring the university Tues-
day that the Soviet government
pays their plane fares to and from
Moscow. They get an initial 3,000
rubles to buy a winter wardrobe.
Room and tuition are free.
Give Allowance
And they say they get a monthly
allowance of 900 rubles-the pay
of an average Soviet factory work-
er-to cover food and incidentals.
(The ruble is valued officially at
25 cents but 10 cents is considered
a more realistic rate.)
Soviet Premier Khrushchev an-
nounced during his tour of In-
donesia last February that the.
university would be established
for students from the three under-
developed continents.
Open Schools
After considerable fanfare, the
institution opened Oct. 1 with a
student body of about 300, includ-
ing 65 Soviet students specializing
in foreign languages. Soviet of-
ficials say the enrollment ulti-
,mately will total 500, from 65
countries.
Some of the foreign students
said their home governments tried
to stop them from attending.
"Eleven wanted to come from
my country, but only I made it,"
Joseph Sankona of Cameroon, re-
ported. "Our government didn't
want us to go."
Sankona said that he escaped
from his West African homelandj
by getting permission to fly to
Togo, and the Soviet consulate
there helped him fly to Moscow.
A similar story was told by 24-
year-old Jeffery Gatende, who said
he had done some walking and
used devious methods to get out
of Kenya, a British East African'
colony.
Asked by a British newsman if
he was a Communist, Gatende
replied, "Not yet." The Briton
then asked if he had taken Mau
Mau oaths, the pledges of loyalty
to the anti-white terrorist move-
ment in Kenya.
Takes Oaths
"You call them oaths," Gatende
snapped back. "I call them nation-
al allegiance."^
Several students said they had
come to Moscow instead of seek-
ing education in the West because
of fear of racial problems at west-
ern universities.
~There is no colored problem
here," Gatende declared. "In fact,
people like you so much they al-
most become a nuisance at times."
Varied Homelands
Those interviewed included stu-
dents from Zanzibar, Sierra Leone,
Chad, Japan, Ceylon and Mexico,
as well as the Kenyan and the
Cameroonian. One student had
a big picture of a smiling Fidel
Castro, the Cuban prime minister,
pinned on a wall near his bed.
The university offers a five-
year course, and the foreign stu-
dents spend most of the first year
studying Russian. Asked if he
found it difficult, Kahnis Haji of
Zanzibar answered, "Russian isn't
any harder than English."
Britain To Ask
Tanganyik
Independence
DAR ES SALAAM, Tanganyika
(A') - Britain will ask soon for
United Nations authority to end
the trusteeship over Tanganyika,l
it was announced last night, as a:
final step toward making this an
independent nation.
Tanganyika's Chief Minister,1
Julius K. Nyerere, told the legis-
lature Britain's request would be
placed before the current UN
General Assembly in New York.
This step toward independence
is to be followed by a conference
between British colonial officials
and African leaders in London
next month to give Tanganyika
full autonomy.
Spokesman
Says Policy
'Not Reprisal'
Calls Move Defense
Against Castro Acts
WASHINGTON (P)-The Unit-
ed States yesterday took its tough-
est action yet against the Fidel
Castro regime, banning exports
of all United States goods to Cuba
except medical supplies and food.
A United States spokesman
billed the move "not economic re-
prisal" but rather a reluctantly
undertaken action to defend
American businessmen "against
the discriminatory, aggressive and
injurious economic policies of the
Castro regime."
The State Department charged
that the Havana government has
deliberately failed to pay $150 mil-
lion owed to United States busi-
ness and has put a squeeze on
United States goods, cutting the
once-large United States trade by
more than half.
Ends Commitments
The official embargo will make
it easier for Americans not to go
through with long term commit-
ments to ship goods to Cuba.
American shipments to Cuba,
which have been running at the
rate of $300 million a year, are
expected to be cut by about two-
thirds by the move. The United1
States is Cuba's biggest supplier
and in the past has provided about
75 per cent of that country's im-
ports.
The economic impact of the
embargo, measured in dollars, will
TV-RADIO:
Candidates
To Debate
Tomorrow
NEW YORK (A) - The last of
four scheduled television-radio de-
bates between the presidential
candidates goes on the air tomor-
row night -- with Sen. John F.
Kennedy still pressing for a fifth.
Kennedy, the Democratic nomi-
nee, and Vice-President Richard'
M. Nixon, his Republican op-
ponent, will speak face-to-face
from a New York studio in the
fourth broadcast, from 10 to 11
p.m.
Any possibility that the program
would be extended to two hours
as an alternative to a fifth en-
counter appeared remote. Both
candidates expressed willingness,
but neither has asked the net-
works for an extension.
In New York
Their campaign schedules
brought them both to New York
yesterday for three days leading
up to the debate.
Kennnedy renewed his jibes at
Nixon for rejecting a fifth debate
nearer the Nov. 8 election.
Nixon has held that his travel
schedule makes it impracticable.
The Democrat said he is willing
to meet Nixon anywhere in the
United States, any day, any hour
in the 18 days remaining before
the election. He said "the Ameri-
can people are entitled to know'
why" Nixon would close off debate.
Asks New Debate
"Why is Mr. Nixon unwilling to;
give one more hour of his time to
70 million viewers in the last 18
days?" Kennedy asked. "Why is
a man who boasts of his debate
with Khrushchev reluctant to
debate before American voters?";
That was a reference to Nixon's
now-famous "kitchen debate" at
the American exhibition in Mos-.
cow last year.!
"The fact is that the closer a
debate is held to election," Ken-
nedy said, "the more difficult it is
for any candidate to engage in anys
questionable tactics or inaccuracies1
for which he may be called to1
account in a face to face encoun-
ter."
Government
Holds Goods
In Stockpiles
Island Could Draw
On Nearby Countries
HAVANA (A') - Shiploads of
spare parts and other essential
imports from the United States
have been stockpiled by the Cuban
government in an attempt to
blunt the effect of the United
States trade curb posted by Wash-
ington yesterday.
Prime Minister Fidel Castro's
government took full advantage of
the drawn out Washington debate
on the economic embargo by
building up the stockpiles.
Cuba may also find loopholes
through Mexico and Canada,
Find Solution
Economic experts said yesterday
that the spare parts, rushed here
from the United States in the
past few weeks, may help Cuban
factories to operate and Cuban
automobile wheels to turn until
the Soviet bloc can move in and
take over the supply problem.
Official American sources said
drastic steps will be taken in the
United States against any ex-
porters who try to evade the em-
bargo by sending goods to anoth-
er natio nfor shipment to Cuba.
They said any American export-
er whose sales abroad are out of
line with previous operations will
face investigation. If violations
.found, shippers might be prohibit-
ed from exporting anywhere.
Denounce Embargo
The Havana radios immediate-
ly denounced the embargo as a
new United States aggression, but
officials were silent.
Shipping manifests show the
Cuban government anticipated the
economic boycott, which covers
everything but food and medical
supplies, by heavy orders of such
automobile parts as spark plugs,
fuel pumps and carburetors, plus
oil refinery replacements and su-
gar mill supplies,
These and other imports have
been flooding into government-
controlled storage points since al-
most unlmiited funds and import
permits were released for this pur-
pose.
--AP Wirep
BRITISH REPRESENTATIVES - British Minister of State -David 0. Gore (left) speaks a
United Nations yesterday during the meeting of the General Assembly's political comni
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I
I
CUBA'S CASTRO
... boyotted
go well beyond that of last sum-
mer's closedown on United States
purchases of Cuban sugar.
Order Ban
Yesterday's export ban was or-
dered by the Commerce Depart-
ment under a law originally in-
tended to restrict trade with the
Communist countries.
In a companion action, the
Maritime Administration said it
will prohibit the transfer or char-
ter of United States ships to Cuban
interests except in unusual cases.
The twin restrictions were an-
nounced 'just as the Cuban ques-
tion was emerging as an important
issue in the presidential election
campaign.
Sen. John F. Kennedy, the Dem-
ocratic nominee, has criticized ad-
ministration handling of the Unit-
ed States-hating Castro regime
while his Republican opponent,
Vice-President Richard M. Nixon,
called Tuesday for a quarantine
of Cuba.
Foodstuffs and medical items,
which generally are exempt from
the trade ban, last year accounted
for $139 million of all American
shipments to Cuba.
Jiussia days
I
U.S. Proposal
Only Politics
UNITED NATIONS (A)-A Unit-
ed States request for quick ap-
proval of a surplus food distribu-
tion program yesterday drew a
Soviet charge that the plan was
"aimed at getting the farmer vote
in the United States election cam-
paign."
The charge was voiced by P. M.
Chernyshev in the United Nations
Assembly Economic Committee.
Seymour Finger, United States
economic expert on the commit-
tee, retorted that Chernyshev was
meddling in United States do-
mestic affairs.
The argument arose after the
United States asked for priority in
debating the freedom from hun-
ger resolution offered Tuesday by
Canada, Haiti, Liberia, Pakistan,
the United States and Venezuela.
Speed was urged so that the
food and agriculture organization
council, meeting in Geneva, could
decide how to carry out the plan
to send surplus food supplies to
hungry countries.
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