2, 1960

THE MICHIGAN tDAILV

~, 1960 THE ~HCHIGAN DAI1~


Technicians Provide
Help to Congo Heads

Presidential Apology
Requested by Soviets

By The Assocated Press
A flicker of hope appeared in
the Congo chaos yesterday as a
small° group of college graduate
technicians slowly began to turn
the rusted wheels of government.
Political strife, for the moment
at least, has been reduced to a
weakening barrage of largely in-
effective public declarations.
A highly placed Western diplo-
mat who has been in the Congo
since it became independent June
30 said "the situations seems to
have improved, and I am more
optimistic for the future."
Patrice Lumumba was reported
to have agreed to join in a round
Brandt Hints
STrade Break
With Russia
BONN (P) - Hints were let out
esterday that West Germany
might follow up its trade em-
bargo against Communist East
Germany with economic sanctions
against the Soviet Union.
Mayor Willy Brandt of West
Berlin dropped the hints at a
socialist rally in Berlin. He said
moves were afoot in the economic
area "which would not be without
effect on the Soviet Union."
The West German Foreign
Office declined comment on
Brandt's remarks but noted that a
delegation is due here from Mos-
cow this month to negotiate a
renewal of the West German-
Soviet trade agreement that ex-
pires at the end of this year.
Informants said Friday when
West Germany served notice it
was cancelling its trade agree-
ment with East Germany that
more countermeasures can be ex-
pected unless the Communists
break their squeeze on Berlin.
A refusal to renew the Bonn-
Moscow trade agreement might
be one of these measures. Reliable
informants said, however, such an
act had not figured in the Western
countermoves debated earlier thisi
week.
Trade with the Soviet Union
amounts to only 2 per cent of the
total West German trade and
cutting it off would not have a
severe effect on the German
economy.
U.S. Policies
Hit byChina
TOKYO (R) - Red China staged
its annual National Day rally and
parade in Peiping yesterday with
boasts of tremendous industrial
achievements and hostile blasts
at the West.
In the keynote address marking
the 11th anniversary of the Com-
munist conquest of the mainland,
Foreign Minister Chen Yi declared
the Peiping regime is dedicated
to peaceful coexistence with peace-
loving peoples everywhere.
But at the same time he as-,
sailed "war provocations of United,
States led capitalist imperialism."

table conference with President
Joseph Kasavubu and others on
the political future of the Congo.
United Nations officials, working
overtime to prevent the Congo's
panorama of disaster from en-
larging, reported relative calm
throughout the new republic this
week. There were scattered inci-
dents of unrest in the Congolese
army due to pay delays. But UN
officials said they were able to
quiet the situation with stop-gap
pay envelopes for the troops.
A considerable number of Bel-
gian teachers, missionaries and
technicians are returning to the
Congo after having been driven
out by the Congolsee when inde-
pendence was proclaimed.
Colonel Joseph Mobutu, who
emerged from obscurity Sept. 14
to "neutralize" the politicians and
name the group of technicians,
is still enjoying the support of
the bulk of the army. But the
29 - year - old former journalist
seems on the verge of physical
and mental exhaustion from the
strain of his duties.
Kasavubu, who has great pres-
tige in the Congo, got aboard
Mobutu's bandwagon by formally
installing the group of 27 techni-
cians in a ceremony before 17
ambassadors, including those from
the United States, Britain and
France. He told the diplomats
"we have confidence in these col-
lege graduates and you can feel
free to deal with them."
Joseph Ileo, designated as pre-
mier Sept. 5 by Kasavubu, has
agreed to step aside temporarily
and let the technicians run the
country until the round table con-
ference of political figures could
settle the political strife. Mobutu
and Kasavubu are trying to get
the round table conference going
within the next few days.
The technicians are appearing
frequently in the government ad-
ministrative buildings and diplo-
mats are able to arrange appoint-
ments and from time to time
conduct business.
Court Asked
To Reconsider
Reactor Case
WASHINGTON (;P)-The Justice
Department Friday asked the Su-
preme Court to review a lower
court decision setting aside the
construction permit for a nuclear
reactor near Monroe, Mich.
The United States Court of Ap-
peals on June 10 set aside the
permit for a reactor at Lagoona
Beach, Mich., on grounds that the
Atomic Energy Commission did'
not make an adequate safety in-
vestigation before issuing the per-
mit.

Submission
Seen Needed
For Meeting
Khrushchev Refers
To U-2 in Demand
GLEN COVE, N. Y. (P) -- Soviet
Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev'
last night strongly indicated he
would not meet with President
Dwight D. Eisenhower unless
Eisenhower apologizes for the U-2
flight,
Futhermore, Khrushchev said,,
the Soviets would not release the
two survivors from the United,
States RB-47 plane shot down
July 1 in return for an Eisen-
hower apology on the U-2.
Khrushchev took this stiffi
stand in a- brief meeting with1
newsmen at the Soviets' Long
Island estate where he is spend-
ing the weekend.
Heavy Pressure
Heavy pressure for an Eisen-
hower-Khrushchev get-together to
ease world tensions was sparked
at the United Nations Friday by
a five-neutral-nation plea for
such a meeting.
Eisenhower has been cool to_
this idea ever since the blowup
of the Paris summit. conference'
last May where Khrushchev de-
manded an Eisenhower apology
for the U-2 reconaissance craft
downed inside Russia May 1.
Eisenhower has said he wouldI
not meet Khrushchev unless the
Kremlin boss, among other things,
releases the two surviving crew-
men of the RB-47 shot down in
the Arctic area July 1.
Asked to Trade
Khrushchev was asked whethera
he would trade an apology on the
U-2 flight for release of the two0
American fliers.
"It is not a reciprocal matter,"
Khrushchev said.
"Both planes came to our coun-1
try and each committed an equal
crime."
Khrushchev says it is up to the
Soviet investigators and prose-
cutors to decide how the case
of the RB-47 survivors should be
handled.
The United States claims the
RB-47 was shot down by the Rus-!
siaans in international waters. The
ioviets say the plane invaded
Russian air space.

WEST LOSING CONTROL:


Membership of UN Shifting

By DAVID L. BOWEN
Associated Press Newsfeatures Writer
Admission of 16 new members
into the United Nations last week
continues a profound shift in the
make-up of the world organization.
The shift began almost as soon
as the charter was signed 15 years
ago. At that time, the United
States could only be outvoted in'
the General Assembly if it was
deserted by all its friends in the
Western and Latin American
blocs. But with each new member
- and 47 have now been added to
the original 51 -- control over'
affairs in the General Assembly
has become more difficult.
Primary reason for this is the
ever-increasing size of the vote
needed to approve measures in
the General Assembly, where a
two-thirds majority is required on
rimportant issues.
Had Two-Thirds
Back in 1945, two-thirds meant
34 votes. The Western bloc, with
solid support from usually pro-
western Latin America, could
readily get up 35.
But as membership in the UN
increased, so did the number of
votes required for control. By
1957, there were 82 members, with
55 required for a two-thirds,
Cuba Issues
TraevlBan
HAVANA (-) - Fidel Castro's
government has announced new
financial restrictions that might
affect the departure of American
residents from Cuba.
The latest measure prohibits
airlines and travel agencies from I
selling tickets fr trips abroad:
without prior approval of the
C u b a n Currency Stabilization
Fund.


majority. While the requirement
for control had jumped by 14, the
Western bloc had increased by
only six.
With total membership after
last week's action standing at 98,
it now requires 65 votes in the
General Assembly to insure pass-
age. The Western bloc and Latin
America have 43 when all vote
together -- enough to prevent
Communist opposition from easily
marshalling a two-thirds majority
but 21 short of effective parlia-
mentary control.
Not Committed
There have been increases in
both the Western and Communist
representation over the past 15
years. The bulk of the new mem-
bership has come from the emerg-
Ing nations in Africa and Asia.
And while parliamentary control
in the General Assembly is moving
farther out of reach of the West,
the Assembly itself is becoming
an increasingly important arm
of the world organization.
As conceived by its big power
founders after World War II, most
effective UN control was concen-
trated in the Security Council.
Membership on. this body was
carefully restricted to 11 nations.
The United States, Britain, France,
Russia and China were given per-
manent seats, with the other six

members elected for two-year
terms by the Assembly. To pro-
tect their own interests, the five
permanent members were given
a veto power over Security Council
actions.
Power Shrinks
Perhaps because it was so care-
fully restricted, the power of the
Security Council has tended to
shrink over the years. A decade
and a half after its founding, one
of the most effective functions
of the UN is to marshal world
opinion. As a true cross-section,
the General Assembly is far more
representative of world opinion
than the Security Council and its
decisions carry more weight in
the propaganda war than the
Security Council's.
Furthermore, the Assembly has
tended to fill the vacuum caused
when the Security Council is im-
mobilized by a big power veto.

HAIRSTYLES GALORE
for the
FEMININE SET!!
" No Appointments Needed
" Air Conditioned
The Doscolo Barbers
Near Michigan Theatre

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Rushing Begins
TODAY
OPEN HOUSES:
2-5 P.M. and 7-9:30 P.M.


gj


The petitions said the appeals
court decision was an unreason-
able action which "would seriously
impede, and in significant areas,I
might even block" AEC programs
and policies for developing nuclear,
power.
AEC's licensing practices were
said to provide full protection
against operation of a reactor
which would be dangerous to the
surrounding population.

CARLOS
MONTOYA
Ann Arbor High
Fri., Oct. 7
8:30 P.M.

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