Drama At The United Nations'

Seventieth Year
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Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
EDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1960 NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL BURNS

THE.18-YEAR-OLD VOTE:
Maturity, Participation
Needed In Electorate
By MICHAEL BURNS
AS THE EXTENT of education of each succeeding generation has
increased, that group has sought to obtain some privileges pre-
viously reserved for their elders. By stressing this more extensive
education which they say would make them as well-prepared for
enjoying such privileges as the older generations. Youth claims these
privileges as rights.
This would appear to be the case of those proposing the lowering

Committee On Membership
Needs Conscientious People

O FAR, twelve people have taken out peti-
tions for the Committee on Membership
election in Student Organizations.
This is not enough.
There are four student places on the seven-
ember committee, so if there are not four
>d student members, the committee's effec-
veness may be reduced seriously. This is not
say the twelve petitioners are not competent.
nly that the committee that will select he
ident members should have as much choice
s possible, and that more than twelve students
iould have the interest and capability to
rve effectively on the committee.
PE COMMITTEE'S actions ought to have
a, profound and beneficial effect on campus
ganizations, but only if it has a good mem-
ership is it going to work to change things
hat need to be changed.

What is a good member?
One who agrees action must be taken in the
area of student organization discrimination.
One who hopefully, can see all sides of ques-
tions. One who doesn't let his ideological pre-
delictions get in the way of fairness.
IT IS NOT necessary, however, for the pro-
spective member to have an extreme view
on action. There are different degrees of action
the committee can recommend. Hopefully, the
committee will be in a position to consider all
these degrees. If it cannot, it can be com-
promised.. If the committee fails, then the
regulation will be ineffective, at least as pre-
sently envisioned. This failure would be serious.
Petitions are available until October 5 in
the Student Government Council Office in the
Student Activities Bldg.
-PHILIP SHERMAN

Services Lack Stimulation

FOR MOST of the students. on this campus IT IS HERE that I ta
who are of the Jewish faith, the spirit servioes. In a univer
of the High Holiday season is replicated only and varied in its resour
by the services sponsored by the B'nai Brith incredible that not one
Hillel Foundation. Away from their families community was brough
and the familiar traditions of their home students. Surely there
congregations and rabbis, they rely almost faculty of this univers
wholly upon Hillel for the intellectual as well religious identifications
as spiritual uplifting of this period. vided them with some b
First, I would commend Hillel, and more thoughts. The subject
specifically, Dr. Herman Jacobs, for the manner mon" is not restricted
in which the Rosh Hashonah services were natural and social sci
conducted. It is to his credit and to that of the necessary to us and giv
participating students that the traditions of to our lives.
these intricate services are so well-prepared, That the students wa
especially in a community which has no rabbi lation is evidenced by
of its own. this campus and at t
However, I must point out that Rosh Has- sources are here - th
honah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur availibility. Why, then
(Day of Atonement) are times of intellectual to give an outlook, sc
as well as spiritual insight and evaluation. We contemplations of a s
give deep thought to the- meaning of life: Its student population atf
direction, scope, and goals, not only as they wanted and needed it
relate to the individual, but to the whole of
mankind.
M A X L E RNERder
KhrushcheU As Leader

ke issue with the Hillel
sity community as large
ces as this one, it seems
e of the leaders in this
t to speak before these
T are people on the
ity, regardless of their
s, who could have pro-
basis for their individual
matter of such a "ser-
- philosophy, politics,
ences - all fields are
e meaning and direction
ant and need this stimu-
their very presence on
those services. The re-
his is not a question of
1, was there no speaker
ome perspective to the
izeable segment of the
a time when they most
t?H
-MARSHA FRANKEL

of the voting age to 18 years old.
But in resting their plea on the
basis of education, they are ob-
scuring the argument of maturity
- a quality not necessarily con-
nected with knowledge.
THERE IS NO question that
many voters over 21 have not
,matured in the traditional sense
and that some under 21 have done
so. But certainly there is a higher
percentage of those persons 18 to
21 who have not matured than of
the group 21 and over.
Those seeking the privilege of
the vote should have some exper-
ience past the protective year of
high school. Citizens at the high
school graduate level have not
had the experience of participat-
ing in the public sphere that those
21 have had. They have not either
the break with the protection of
home or the thought stimulation
of higher education.
* * *
IF THE VOTERS must wait for
the privilege of the ballot until
reaching 21, there is a period
between the last stages of adoles-
cence and teenage life that should
acquaint the citizen with either
the problems of life outside of
secondary education or the dis-
cipline of higher and self-obtained
education.
* * *
ONE OBJECTION to the estab-
lishment of 21 as the minimum
age limit is that its selection is
"arbitrary", and was not originally
set up with regard. to voting
ability. In the same class one
could put other requirements pre-
sent in many states such as the
residence requirement and literacy
tests. Though abuses of these
measures have taken place, their
purpose was to produce a more
interested and at least minimally
educated voter. Although there
may be disagreement as to their
effectiveness, to eliminate them
would be to give up the attempt
to provide a responsible, judicious,
electorate.
* * *
SO, THE PROPONENTS of the
status quo argue, suffrage is not
just the right of all citizens able
to read. It Is a privilege to be
bestowed upon those meeting eer-
tain requirements established to
attempt at providing a more re-
sponsible electorate. Maturity and
acquaintance with the world out-
side high school are also con-
siderations that go into shaping
a more capable electorate. Formal
education alone is not enough.
And though many over 21 do not
have these qualifications, destruc-
tion of the existing machinery
would result in either the chaos
of immature government or in-
tellectual oligarchy - both men-
aces to our present American
democratic system.

KHRUSHCHEV MEETS CASTRO -- Photographers crowd around Khrushchev and Castro on the
floor of the United Nations meeting, currently In session in New York.
DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENTS:
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WATCHING the enactments of the UN As-
sembly meeting here in New York, one can
see them as great theater in which the captains
and kings of the world play themselves,, with
the police and reporters and UN delegates as
extras for the crowd scenes, and the vast world
as both audience and stakes. The TV screen
comes to life in the process, with a script often
improvised but always authentic rather than
fake. And the stiffly correct traditions of diplo-
macy are getting shaken up as never before in
history. The Congress of Vienna was nothing
like this.
You may also, if you wish, see what is hap-
pening as a succession of pictures from an
exhibition. Think of how they compose them-
selves almost into set scenes. There is the semi-
contrite but defiant pilgrim from Moscow,
coming to New York despite his vow to shun
the United States, bringing his cohort of
'stooges, friends, and allies with him, and turn-
ing the Assembly into a big show under a big
circus tent.
There is the tableau of the bearded one from
Havana journeying to a hostile land to find all
the inns closed against him. Then there is the
picture of the midnight journey into the depths
of Harlem, with goods and chattels laden not
on donkeys but on limousines, to find a simple
place at $20 a room, which is chickenfeed for
the men who have expropriated the expropria-
tors.
Close on the heels of this one is another tab-
leau, the Embrace. The pilgrim from Moscow,
despite his love for his man in Havana, wouldn't
let him occupy the center of the stage. He
sensed the rich drama of the bearded one
among his campesinos in Harlem, and got
back into the act by following him to the
humble hostelry and embracing him for the
cameras.
The two men were however not embracing
each other. Each was embracing the image of
the humble as against the exalted, the have-
nots as against the haves, the underprivileged
of color as against the entrenched privilege of
the whites.
THEN THE BALCONY. To get the full flavor
of the balcony scene, with Khrushchev in
shirtsleeves swapping quips with reporters and
protesting against the Manhattan cage in which
he must'sing like an imprisoned bird, one must
recall Shakespeare's Juliet and Mussolini and
perhaps Genet. I shall let Juliet go, but I dwell
for a moment on Mussolini, who strutted

through his balcony posturings in the Eternal
City, and strove for fake grandeurs, with the
sawdust popping out of him each time he ges-
tured, With Khrushchev you had not the pre-
tense at power but power itself-heaped in
such measure that its possessor could afford to
make jokes from his high place.
As for Genet, I saw his play-The Balcony-
in Paris in its amended French form, and I
can't help recalling its brothel-turned-palace
from whose balcony the farce of power is por-
trayed. (Khrushchev joked about the horsedung
under the police horses, and turned the dream
of freedom into dung, but you couldn't get out
of your mind the memory of the Genet brothel,
for the base of Communist world power is as
obscene as any in history.)
F ALLT, there was the picture of the depart-
ing American President, in the final hour of
his tenure, stumbling through a good script and
presenting a good plan which would have come
better had it come earlier, when he could follow
it up.
All the proposals made sense, and there was
a lofty virtuousness about the address that
made it into an important state paper. The
trouble was that it was not good drama and its
impact was bound to be lost when the turn of
the men from Moscow and Havana came. Presi-
dent Eisenhower was no longer the sensitive
injured man who took revenge on his Russian
and Cuban tormentors by cooping them up in
lower New York. He presented a world view
above party and even nation. Yet he went back
to his original mistake when he excluded Castro
from his Latin American luncheon.
The bearded one had his revenge by a tab-
leau of his own when he broke bread and steaks
with'the "poor and humble" at the Hotel The-
resa. It was a familiar act by now, and growing
pretty stale by repetition, but it will go over
well among the lowly in the Latin American
countries whose rulers Castro has sworn to
depose in a sweeping social revolution from the
Rio Grande-all the way to Terra del Fuego.
THE END IS NOT YET. Khrushchev threat-
ens to see the New Year in from his Man-
hattan cage, and Castro is not overanxious to
returp to the bleak Havana hovel that once
bore the proud name of Hilton,
I don't know what thoughts race through
that bullet head of Khrushchev's as he stands
on his balcony. Perhaps, as he surveys the capi-
talist splendor of Park Avenue, with its gleam-
ing new Mies van der Rohe glass palace, he
may reflect that the Russians must first over-
+.Ora A prienh fnre thev can take nor the

(EDITOR'S NOTE: Last Thursday,
literary college officials an nouned
that the college curriculum corn-
nittee had drawn up proposals for
major changes in the distribution
requirements of the coalege. This
is the second in a series of articles
ort these recommendations and the
distribution requiremefts in gen-
eral.)
By ROBERT FARRELL
IN ACCORDANCE with its policy
of continually re-evaluating the
requirements and curriculum of
the college, the literary college cur-
riculum committee has prepared a
report for the faculty urging ex-
tensive revision of certain areas of
the distribution requirements. One
of these areas is that of natural
science.
The committee is recommending
that this area be split into two
sub-fields-one containing astron-
omy, chemistry and physics and
the other containing the remain-
ing sciences in which distribution
credit is given-and require work
in both the sub-fields. (Although
the final report has not yet been
circulated with the details of the
recommendations, the second area
would presumably include botany,
geology and zoology and those
parts of psychology and anthro-
pology which are now accepted
for distribution credit.)
It also recommends retention of
the current requirement, which
specifies that of the required 12
hours of credit in the natural
science area, at least two-semesters
work be done in a laboratory t-
quence.
These changes, if approved by
the faculty, would not affect stu-
dents now enrolled in the college,
and might not even go into effect
until after next year, as time
would berrequired to make the
necessary changes, college officials
said.
That the science distribution
needs change is not a new con-
clusion: at least one faculty com-
mittee has previously advocated
major changes.
THE FACULTY committee study-
ing the natural science distribu-
tion program, which presented its
report in 1958 after several years
of studying the problem, found the
program seriously lacking.
They cited the purpose of the
natural science requirements as
stated in the literary college's An-
nouncement: "Courses in natural
science have the objective of pro-
viding an understanding and prac-
tical experience in scientific meth-
ods of description, classification,
analysis, experimentation and pre-
sentation of evidence."
Using the achievements of stu-
dents who had fulfilled the re-
quirements as a guide to how well
this purpose was carried out by the
existing distribution program, they

tion credit, even though special
courses for the non-scientist are
maintained with low enrollment."
Discussing specific portions of
the distribution program, they
found that: "Enrollment in as-
tronomy, botany and geology must
be high enough to maintain a rea-
sonable teaching fellow program
and correlative professional gradu-
ate program in these fields, Conse-
qutMIly, the distribution course is
made attractive and not too chal-
lenging."
To substantiate to some extent
their argument, they note that
competition for qualified doctoral
candidates requires offers of finan-
cial support to them, that this sup-
port is provided by teaching fel-
low positions in the distribution
courses, and that this means that
the number of students enrolling
in the distribution course must
be high enough to provide for a
sizeable number of teaching fellow
positions.
THEY ALSO stated: "Depart-
mental competition must also be
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iates (men & women) who show prom-
ise for promotion to key management
positIons. Federal Service Entrance Ex-
aminations for this program will be
held as follows: Oct. 15 and Nov. 19,
1960: and JIan. 14 & Feb. 11, 1961. Appli-
cation forms available at the Bureau
of Appointments with notice of filing
date deadlines.
Please contact the Bureau of Ap-
pointmients, Rm. 4021, Admin. Bldg.,
Pxt. 3371 for further details,
Student Part-Time
The following part-time jobs are
available to students. Applications for
these jobs can be made in the Non-
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Administration Building, during the
followine hours: Monday through Fri-
day, s:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m.
Employers desirous of hiring students
for part-time work should contact Bill
wenrich, Student Interviewer at NOr-
mandy 3-1511. extension 2939.
Students desiring miscellaneous odd
lobs should consult the bulletin board
in Room 1020, daily.
MALE
26 -P'vyhological subjects.
1-11rried couple to live in, in ex-
change for room and board.
2-Salesmen-graduate students pre-
ferred, commission basis.
2 -Meal ,jobs,
3 Busboys (11:45 a m -1:30 p.n
1--Pianist (Thurs., Friday, Saturday
evenings)I,
2-Waiters (Start Oct. 5, evenings, 10-
25 hours per week).
2-Busboys (Start Oct. 5, evenings, 10-

recognized .... Thus, Department
X must not introduce taxing con-
cepts (e.g., arithmetic) into its
course; otherwise, students will
quickly drift to Department Y.
This becomes an important con-
sideration in course planning." '
(Lest there be some question as
to their authority for making the
statements they did, it should be
noted that the committee members'
were not social science or humani-
ties faculty members looking at the
situation from the outside, but
members of the various science
departments.)
One of the major reasons they
found for students' avoiding chem-
istry and physics courses was be-
cause of the use of mathematics
in these courses so much more
than in the others.
* * *
TO SOMEWHAT alleviate the
situation they found, they asked
that the sciences be split into
three areas-chemistry and phy-
sics; astronomy and geology; and
the remaining sciences-and that
work be required in all three areas.
But to retain the requirement
of a two-semester sequence in
laboratory work in one science
and add this new divisional re-
quirement would mean raising the
total number of required credits
so that four semesters of work
would be required rather than the
12 hours credit then (and now)
required.
A recommendation to this effect
was also made.
The present recommendations
can be seen to differ from these
to some extent, particularly in
that they assign astronomy courses
to the same group as chemistry
and physics courses, thus still pro-
viding an easy out for those who
wish to avoid the latter two
sciences.
HOWEVER, at least one member
of the original committee on the
natural sciences agrees that the
curriculum committee's sugges-
tions would improve the present
program in his opinion. But he
also predicts even more students
would take astronomy distribution
courses than now do.
A solution to this problem does
appear to him, though: if the
astronomy department were to
make their distribution courseI
"less descriptive and closer to the1
other physical sciences," he be-
lieves that enrollment in the three
departments would, in time, even
out and the program be improved.
And this change could be justi-
fied - modern astronomy is a
physical science, studying the
properties of inanimate matter in
tht same highly quantitative man-
ner as physics and chemistry -
it is not a descriptive or qualita-
tive subject.
Thus, the question of whether

HAMMARSKJOLD:
The UN's
Diplomacy
By The Associated Press
THE cool poise that has become
Dag Hammarskjold's trade-
mark remains unshaken in the
Soviet-bred crisis raging about
the UN structure.
In a General Assembly speech
defending himself against Soviet
attacks, the secretary-general
still spoke with a 'diplomat's
voice.
He warned that not his future,
but that of the United Nations it-
self, is at stake.
Regarding the office of Secre-
tary-General, he said in his Mon-
day speech to the General As-
sembly, "It is not a question of
the man but of the institution."
Hammarskjold expressed part of
his own philosophy when he add-
ed "I would rather see that offic
break on the basis of independt
ence, impartiality and objectivity
than drift on the basis of com-
promise"
*
UNTIL HAMMARSKJOLD ran
into a Communist storm over his
handling of the Congo crisis, he
had survived the various hazards
of his job for eight years without
incurring the strong emnity of
any member nation.
He is in the middle of his sec-
ond five-year term,
A surprise Soviet agreement
with the West in 1953-part of
the then Premier Georgia M. Mal-
enkov's peace offensive-brought
Hammarskjold to the UN post,
succeeding Trygve Lie of Norway.
Soviet acceptance of Ham-
marskjold probably was based
partly on the fact that Sweden
had managed to maintain slight-
ly better relations with Moscow
than most nations west of the
Iron Curtain. Hammarskjold re-
peatedly had affirmed Sweden's
cultural ties with the West but
was never openly critical of his
government's policy of avoiding
entanglements.
HAMMARSKJOLD IS a 55-
year-old bachelor who speaks four
languages. The son of a Swedish
foreign minister, he served as
chief of Sweden's finance depart-
ment from 1936 to 1945, then en-
tered the diplomatic service as a-
financial specialist for the for-
eign office. He became Deputy
Minister in 151.
He secured from Red China the
release of 11 U.S. airmen. His
popularity increased when he
mnade a trip to the Middle East
in April 1956 and managed to
bolster Arab-Iraeli armistice
agreements, shaken by border
violence.
Soon after that Israel, Britain
and France invaded Egypt. Ham-
marskjold obtained a cease-fire
and quickly planned a UN emer-
gency force that took over from
the withdrawing invaders.
FROM THESE and other ex-
periences, he developed what he
called a theory of "private diplo-
macy."
"It is diplomacy, not speeches
and votes, that continues to have
the last word in hie process of
peacemaking," ammarskjold said
in 1958. He added that the Seec'
retary-General must keep the
trust of all governments and can-
not "pass judgment upon their
policies without wrecking the us
of his office" for diplomacy,
Hammarskjold walked this ob-
jective tightrope with minor re-
percussions until his actions in

carrying out Security Council res-
olutions in the Congo aroused So-
viet anger.
gammarskjold, followin'g an
August trip to 'the Congo, caled
on Russians and Belgians alike
to behavethemselves. The Rus-
sians accused Hammarskjold of
being a tool of the West and of
undermining Patrice Lumumba's
authority. The Secretary-General
fought back, winning votes of con-
fidIence from botl Security Coun-
cil and an Assembly special ses-
sion.
HAMMARSKJOLD IS expected
to- get another endorsement from
the current General Assembly,
But veteran diplomats recall that
Trygve Lie was forced out of this
job despite almost universal sup-
port outside the Soviet bloc.
Hammarskjold apparently rec-
ognizes this danger. He told the
delegates Monday:
"Use whatever words von like-

I

LETTERS f
to the
EDITOR J

I

To The Editor:
IT IS ironic that Saturday's Daily
should have juxtaposed Walter
Lippman's insightful discussion of
Senator Kennedy's recent ex-
changes with Protestant ministers
and Peter Stuart's naive "analy-
sis" of the religious issue. The
latter article not only said noth-
ing new, but stated the old very
poorly.
When a writer sets out to pre-
sent an issue, his task should be
to present the questions that are
being debated, rather than his
own answers. Further, a debate
of any consequence always has
at least two sides, and it would
seem the task of the analyst to
present both, rather than to iden-
tify himself with the assumptions
of one.
A QUICK GLANCE at Mr. Stu-
airt's article, "The Religious, Issue:
What It Is and What It Asks," in-
dicates that the author is not
really concerned with an objective
and rational discussion of' an is-
sue. He appears mucn more intent
upon endorsing the widespread in-
dictment t h a t the Catholic
Church, despite repeated dis-
avowals, really wishes to subvert
the First Amendment. For in-
stance, he assumes as fact the
hackneyed premise that Kennedy
". would be obliged to conduct'
the office of President in accord-
ance with the dictates of the
Roman Catholic Church." Then
he resorts to the partisan tactic
of quoting two slightly-known
clerics on the Church-State ques-
tion, while slighting more repre-
sentative views that are dia-
metrically opposite.
* * *
THE LAST FEW months have
witnessed much intelligent dis-