Ir i trllaut Eattj Seventy-Fifth Year' EDITED AND MANAGED DBY STUDENTS OF THE UNivERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS TENSIONS RISING: Africa-Still A Racial Powder Keg 0 * Where Opinions Are ree, 420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBOR, MIcH. Truth Will Prevail NLws PHoNE: 764-0552 By LEONARD PRATT Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily ex press the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. IURDAY, MAY 29, 1965 NIGHT EDITOR: JOHN MEREDITH The Time Has Come To Replace Hoover rHE DIRECTOR of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, J. Edgar Hoover, has ver his many years as America's top cop roved time after time that he is more han an ordinary law enforcement agent. He is rather a self-appointed custodian public morals and safety. He is con- rvative to the point of reaction and has paranoid's view of Communist infiltra- on in the United States. 'Hoover's "Masters of Deceit" is a tes- mony to an outdated fear of Commu- ism in America and is indicative of he kind of cloak and dagger subterfuge revalent on the part of American Com- unists and law enforcement agents-in he thirties. N THE FOREWORD to "Masters of De- ceit" Hoover says, "In November, 1917, ie Bolsheviks seized control in Russia, wining state power for the first time. hat breach has today widened into a ist Communist empire. The attack is ill being pressed. International Com- unism will never rest until the whole orld, including the United States, is ider the hammer and sickle. This is hat has happened to the Russian peo- Infallible Logic S THE FAD of sidewalksurfing sweeps the country, it is becoming increasing- apparent that civil authorities must ac- )mmodate the needs of their constituen- r by setting aside skateboarding pre- erves. This need is quite apparent. Looking relative community interest in local nn Arbor projects, one notes that al- wough a record six people showed up at ie last community college meeting, 316 nm Arborites requested the City Council set off a separate area for skateboard- Lg. Their petition stated, "We feel that ery Ann Arbor adult citizen has a duty the young people of this city. With all e complaints about the idleness and aywardness of -the youth of today we iould do all we can to provide adequate 'eas in which they can work off their Kcess energy in a healthy way," 'HE LOGIC of their argument is ir- refutable. It is quite apparent that the ay to cure juvenile delinquency is to rn Ann Arbor into a skateboarder's aradise. The shame of it is that the City Coun- I could have reversed the trend towards igher crime rates many years ago by tablishing a welfare city in which every iild got a free hoola hoop. -BRUCE WASSERSTEIN DITH WARREN.. .....:.......Co-Editor BERT HIPPLER ...... Co-Editor TWARD HERSTEIN .. Sports Editor pDITH FIELDS ,. . ;.,.,.. Business Manager iFREY LEEDS ........... Supplement Manager GHT EDITORS: Michael Badamo, John Meredith, Robert Moore, Barbara Seyfried, Bruce Wasserstein. Second class postage paid at Ann Arbor, Minh Published daily Tuesday through Saturday morning. ple, now held in bondage, who would be free if they could." Throughout the book Hoover attempts to prove the existence of a vast web of Communist agitators and revolutionaries centrally controlled by Moscow. He ignores the fact that contemporary history proves him wrong at every turn. THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE, while naturally desiring the wealth and luxury of the U.S., do not seem to be inclined to re- volt against the rule of their leaders. It is evident that they recognize that things are considerably better than they were under the decadent splendor of Tsarist rule. The Sino-Soviet ideological split demonstrates the fact that Russia is definitely not alone in the driver's seat in leading world Communism. The ,"vast Communist empire" Hoover speaks of simply does not exist. Every country which has embraced Communism is still subject to the forces of ancient nationalism. No one Communist country, from the Soviet Union to Albania, has either resources or political desire to con- trol all other Communist countries or even less to control all Communist par- ties in various non-Communist countries. And every major country in the world today, including the United States, does attempt to extend its sphere of influ- ence as widely as men and materialsper- mit. IN HIS MOST RECENT attack on liberal and radical forces in the United States, Hoover charged before a congressional committee that the student protests at the University of California's Berkeley campus were Communist infiltrated and guided. Hoover's accusations are often logically indefensible. But the harm comes not with his errors but in the widespread be- lief in his errors. In many quarters he is respected as the foremost authority on Communism. The Christian Herald said of "Masters of Deceit," "This is the most important- indeed the most imperative book of the decade ... powerful and informative and up-to-date." HOOVER HAS BEEN of much valuable service to his country in the past. He has done a tremendous job of organiz- ing the FBI into an efficient law enforce- ment agency. The inroads and attempted inroads on organized crime in America (perhaps a better object than Commu- nism for the FBI) made with his leader- ship are to his credit. But the time comes in every public servant's life when his usefulness to his country ends. J. Edgar Hoover reached this point many years ago. The standard age for retirement from non-elective government posts is 65. Hoover is over 70. He has reflected more and more in recent years his inability to carry out the functions of his office. THE TIME is long overdue that Hoover be replaced with a younger man, a man better fitted to the world of today and not steeped in the prejudices of the past. President Johnson should take this step soon-for the benefit and well being of the FBI and of the American people. - -MICHAEL BADAMO AMID recent attention given to the Viet Narn and Dominican situations, the Problems of Africa have somehow been relegated an unfortunate second place. This relegation may have been neces- sary, but it has obscured the fact that Africa today is a racial pow- derkeg awaiting only the proper match to set it off. This situation is most serious in seven nations: Angola. Basuto- land, Mozambique, Rhodesia, South AfricadSouth West Africa and Swaziland. With white population percent- ages ranging from Mozambique's 0.87 per cent to South Africa's 43 per cent, these nations represent what is perhaps the world's great- est potential trouble spot. TWO FORCES combine to create this fearsome potential. The first is Communist pressure; Russia, and to a recently increasing de- gree China, have found it con- venient to encourage the black nationalist movements in Africa while at the same time estranging these movements from one an- other. The result of the technique, they hope, will be a political vacuum in Africa into which Communism may be -inserted. Communism combines with the second force, a blend of rabid white supremacy and rising black nationalism, to produce today's dangers. The combination of supremacy and nationalism is a particularly insidious one, as the two elements feed on one another; supremacists take steps to secure their position which, because of the restrictions thus imposed on the blacks, only increase the determination of the nationalists to be free, and thus of the whites to protect them- selves further. RHODESIA is the best current example of such a dilemma. The country was originally colonized by English settlers interested in the excellent tobacco soil there. Through the years, colonization created the usual dual society, the English being prosperous, educat- ed and possessing the vote, with the native peoples remaining poor, illiterate and without the vote Five per cent of Rhodesia's people are white. But the Rho- desian constitution allots them 50 of the legislature's 65 seats. The economy has remained that of a colony; still bound to England. the country exports tobacco and little else of value. The only major labor market is that of the to- bacco plantations, and the English own those. The black man in Rho- desia is thus effectively straight- jacketed, economically and politi- cally. EVEN THESE conditions had appeared surprisingly stable until early in May, when Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith's white supremacist Rhodesian Front party won a landslide victory in the legislative elections; the. op- position white party, the Rho- desia Party, won none of the 50 seats allotted to the whites. The primary election issue was whether or not Rhodesia should declare its independence from England, and Smith's victory was a clear mandate from the nation's whites to declare independence, thereby removing England's mod- erating influence on Rhodesian affairs. Prime Minister Harold Wilson spoke for England when he an- nounced that Great Britain would not tolerate sucha unilateral dec- laration. Independence would not be granted. he said, until the English government was assured that the nation's blacks would have a voice in the governing of their country. WILSON WAS NOT making idle threats. A great deal of English capital is currently financing Rho- desian business; withdrawal of this capital would leave the coun- try internally paralyzed. In addi- tion, England buys, over half of Rhodesia's yearly tobacco crop, the source of most of Rhodesian foreign exchange credits. An English embargo on this tobacco could cripple trade beyond repair. Rhodesia's business community is well aware of these possibilities. A joint report recently issued by the Association of Rhodesian In- dustries and the AssociatedCham- bers of Commerce of Rhodesia warned that a unilateral declara- tion of independence, locally termed UDI, would eventually "cripple the economy." But these warnings evidently went unheeded, as the election results show. Supremacists have begun theorizing that if indepen- dence were declared in October, after this year's tobacco crop had been siezed, growers would have until the following March to find new markets. MANY WHITE Rhodesians re- portedly feel that they aret only taking the best of two bad alterna- tives: strengthen their stand and maintain what they have built up, or moderate it and see the coun- try collapse into chaos They support such beliefs by opinions about what caused the failure of the multiracial portions of the short-lived Federation of Rho- desia and Nyasaland. For it must be remembered that even the "voice of reason," Rho- desia's business community, is evidently being "reasonable" only because it fears what a UDI would do to profits. There has been vir- tually no powerful independent voice calling for' a moderation in the Rhodesian Front policies. After the election, Smith said "we hope to gain independence by negotiation." But it is difficult to see how negotiations can help reconcile two such divergent view- points: the English who insist on a black voice in the government, if only to prevent another Congo, and the Rhodesian whites, who have equated black votes with the destruction of their way of life- probably not an improbable equa- tion. THE DANGER in the situation is the pressure now brought to bear on Smith's government to issue a UDI. Economic considera- tions are well and good, as are talks of "negotiation." But when it comes right down to it, there's nothing quite like defending mother's apple pie, especially with 80 per cent of your electorate be- hind you; in that -context, there is often little that seems unreason- able. Clearly, another Congo-size crisis is being created. At the moment, there are no obvious signs of Communist ac- tivity in the area, but this means little. Even if agents are not now present in Rhodesia, it is reason- able that they can be easily put there. Fresh from blundering lessons learned in Kenya, the Russians would probably be only too happy to have another chance. And the Chinese, especially on the eve of the Bandung conference, 'would certainly like nothing better than a chance to upstage them. THE BASIC PROBLEM, of course, is that Africa is in tran-, sition. Just how does one change a, nation from a largely colonial state like modern Rhodesia to an integrated nation? Certainly, there will be trouble, because all of the parties involved are impatient, and justifiably so. America's policy must be to see that as little trouble as possible occurs, while assuring that a rep- resentative government is estab- lished. Lately this country has appear- ed to the world too much as the brash giant blundering its way through situations it knew too little about. IT KNOWS about Rhodesia. The possible antagonist there is one of its closest allies. Hopefully, this involvement will result in a better educated policy toward troupe in Rhodesia than the Unit- ed States has recently had toward other world danger spots. Kenya's Jomo Kenyatta (center) - African Nationalist Leader 4 At MATTER OF FACT: Preparing T.o Attack Aboard a 7th Fleet Carrier I' By JOSEPH ALSOP ABOARD THE USS CORAL SEA -On the eve of the launch, the great carrier presents a scene of intricately ordered activity as strange as it is beautiful. In this bright, balmy air, the sea and sky are piercingly, incom- parably blue. The carrier's vast deck is dingy gray, but this great expanse is no more than a con- trasting background for a rich, purposeful, changing pattern of men and aircraft. At first glance the men seem impersonal, indeed indistinguish- able except by their colors-for all the specialities, plane captains and plane pushers, catapult tenders and the rest have colors of their own, scarlet or purple, chestnut or emerald green, sulphur yellow or sapphire. BUT THEN one glimpes the taut strain on the face of a young plane pusher; the intent look in the eyes of a veteran pilot as he closes his jet's canopy. The dots of color are transformed into men united in a common task-and a desperately hard task at that, for the deck crews have been averag- ing 110 hours a week since Feb- ruary. It is 11:30 a.m., the target mo- ment for the launch. The catapult officer gives his signal. The work- manlike Skyhawk, already posi- tioned on the cat, roars forward, dips its tail as it leaves the deck and climbs gracefully skyward. The catapult bridle slides back- ward to its first position and a big Skywarrior rolls forward to be launched, losing its slow ungain- liness as it unfolds its swan-like wings. OFF THEY GO, now two by two, from both forward catapults -more Skyhawks, another Sky- warrior, elegantly murderous Phantoms and Crusaders and last, and most astonishing, the Tracer with its huge radar dome that makes it look like a winged ter- rapin. Again and again the busy scene briefly congeals; the catapult roars and another plane is airborne. With the whole mission on its way to its rendezvous, high in the French Patriotism And Trains, Trains, Trains bright air in the direction of North Viet Nam, there is some time in hand. The lean, quiet-spoken air- wing commander, Peter Mingolar- di, suggests visits to some of the squadron ready rooms. WITH THEIR serried ranks of chairs, and their pilots reading, talking or just lounging, the ready rooms are a strange blend of lec- ture hall and clubroom. But lecture halls and clubrooms offer few such tales as one hears here, of truck convoys surprised by night; of hard tasks of flak sup- pression and of the efficient de- struction of endless targets ("Small targets maybe, but those are the orders."). Every ready room is interesting. One or two have their reminders that these missions sometimes carry their penalty - Fighter Squadron 154 has lost two pilots killed and one captured, including a squadron c'ommander. Two hours have now passed, and its is time for the recovery. An- other scene of strange hard-work- ing beauty swiftly unfolds. Plane after plane looms in the sky. Plane after plane comes down with negligent precision, and each time, as the arresting hook en- gages the waiting wire, the airy elegance of flight is transformed into a wild, frustrated roar of sound and movement that ends in motionless, momentary quiet. WITH ALL 18 planes accounted for there is nothing left to do but wait for the Saigon communique about the morning mission-for under the news clampdown order- ed by the President, no doubt to promote the morale of the men who are doing the fighting, all news of current operations must come from Saigon. When the communique appears there is only a single fragment that fits the mission's timing- "Two U.S. Navy Skyhawks from the Seventh Fleet carrier USS Coral Sea struck a new bridge along Route 116 during an armed reconnaissance." So the mission that was so splendid in its launching must have been assigned to do more "damned roadwork," as one pilot was heard to mutter during a dis- cussion of these operations. A LOT for a little, it seems- but that is how it is owadays, apparently. (c) 1965, The Washington PostCo. *~ At the Michigan Theatre NOT SINCE "The Great Escape" has there been a war picture from Hollywood with as much taut excitement and real enjoyment as there is in John Frankenheimer's "The Train." And if you happen to be one of those people who really dig the grand old coal-burning locomo- tives you will have double the pleasure. Obviously Frankenheimer is a train addict himself, for he lovingly caresses the magnificent iron monsters with some of his most effective black and white photography to date. The engine is viewed from every conceivable angle, and each shot is made with such care that one easily feels the kinship and real affection that railroad men dem- onstrate in the film. One can un- derstand their loyalty and bravery in regards to their trains. The story centers around a Ger- man colonel's desperate attempt to move by train several hundred art treasures from Paris to Ger- many at the close of the war. The French Underground undertakes to delay the removal until the Allies can arrive. BURT LANCASTER as the he- roic Resistance worker is perhaps the only weak spot in the film. He is more than capable for all the athletic stunts he must perform but when he has to carry dialogue, the entire pace of the movie slows, and his traditional unemotional delivery is particularily unsuitable here. However, Paul Scofield as the German colonel is excellent. His fanaticism for the art work that he alone cares for is genuinely and effectively portrayed. Jeanne Moreau is her same elusive self. She exudes such presence, such an aura of emotional power at all times that she transforms the in- significant role she has into a most memorable one. But the real hero of the film is the Train itself. Never once does Frankenheimer lose sight of the huge iron machines and every important action includes them in one way or another. The loco- motives take on a grace and emo- tional significance way beyond their actual presence. Hence when the final sacrifice is needed to save the "heritage of France" the trains, along with the French people, offer their lives. FRANKENHEIMER'S diretion Premiere of 'Hero': Excellent Theatre * I FEIFFER ,; i WAS' DOWNt~ -'D MV UASH" PACIAIR. I ( ) soCI Jk10 Mq ~4 BUT LIKS ALA THE IT, TOO, 5A[9: "AN6E LA, YOU W'QLL e SIX NE~XT MOTH. IT I 5 TIEVOO 0OTR15W PACI- Flc -(;x 0 \ \j LkAc FIVE I WAHY' CAN'YT I G0OW ,AT My OWN PACE?' At Trueblood Auditorium T ONIGHT'S WORLD premiere of "The Hero" by the University's Carl Oglesby is excellent theatre due to the contributions of play- wright, director, actors, and technicians. The play is the third part of Oglesby's Hopwood winning trilogy presented by the University Players. The first two plays were "Season of the Beast" and "The Peacemaker." Within the framework of the classical Greek structure, Oglesby presents us with his hero-Barnaby Luke. Luke's life has been one monstrous evil act after another. But his tragic flaw, his conscience, will not give him freedom to be completely amoral. He is a man tor- tured by guilt who has fabricated a world which permits him partial denial of the realities of himself and his deeds. Oglesby thus presents an inerted Sophiclean tragic hero. ACCA, BARNABY'S wife, is not only a victim of his crime, but also the driving force behind his ultimate self-revelation. The skillful direction of Arnold Kendall prevented a potentially heavy plot from overshadowing many comic moments. This is truth- fully in spots one of the funniest plays done in a long while. In these days of absurd theatre we are also grateful to Oglesby for his respect for the natural rhythms and poetic qualities inherent WT E~VUjAS I: ARGU~t' T I Frc&tw 1 r OfO C eemk' Iij 7 :r i 50cl BUVT S [A~ MAR16.